View
51
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
CEE 582 Introduction to ITS. Mark Hallenbeck – TRAC Pete Briglia - TRAC/TransNow. Course Web Site. http://courses.washington.edu/cee582/ No text (although ITE Primer can be purchased for $50 members / $62.50 non-members) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
CEE 582CEE 582Introduction to ITSIntroduction to ITS
Mark Hallenbeck – TRAC
Pete Briglia - TRAC/TransNow
Course Web SiteCourse Web Site
http://courses.washington.edu/cee582/
No text (although ITE Primer can be purchased for $50 members / $62.50 non-members)– http://www.ite.org/emodules/scriptcontent/
Orders/ProductDetail.cfm?pc=TB-014
Course GradingCourse GradingMidterm (30%) - February 4th
Final (30%) – March 16th– Both exams given in the More 1A computer lab
Course Project (30%)
Periodic small homework assignments (10%)
Course ProjectCourse Project
Design a Transit Signal Priority System for Toon Town, USA
– To be handed out the second week of class
– Due Feb. 25th – 5 PM (electronic and paper copies)
Course ProjectCourse Project
Done individually
The keys are – Completeness of your discussion/solution
Identification of systems and interactions Discussion of how you handle the limitations of the
technologies Discussion of the interaction of the various Toon
Town agencies
SyllabusSyllabus
(See Web Site)
Also note links to resources on the course web site
Contact InformationContact Information
Office Hours: – T/Th– Monday & Wednesdays: 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM– Tuesdays & Thursdays: 300 – 3:25 PM– Or at TRAC by appointment
Office:– @ TRAC - 1107 NE 45th St, Suite #535
Contact InformationContact Information
Mark Hallenbecktracmark@u.washington.edu
543-6261– Cell # (425) 890-3894
Intelligent Transportation Intelligent Transportation Systems - ITSSystems - ITS
ITS – The use of modern electronics and communications technologies to improve the performance of the transportation system
ElectronicsElectronics
Microprocessors – the “intelligence” in ITS– Allow continuous computation of key control
values– Are ubiquitous in the modern world
In vehicles On vehicles In the right-of-way In control systems
ElectronicsElectronics
Also make possible the use of a wide variety of data collection sensors– Vehicle surveillance– On-board vehicle diagnostics– Remote identification
CommunicationsCommunications
Allow the transfer of information from one point to another
Feed data into the microprocessors, in order to make control decisions
ITSITS
Sensors describe what is happeningCommunications allow transmission of
large quantities of dataCPU power (and software) allow
– fusion of multiple data sources at key control centers
– improved control decisionsResult = improved transportation system
performance
Cheap SummaryCheap Summary
Anything that deals with any part of the above is now called “ITS” – Sensors / surveillance systems– Communication systems– Control systems
ITS has traditionally been divided into the following basic categories
Types of ITS ServicesTypes of ITS Services
ATMS – Advanced Traffic ManagementAPTS – Public TransportationATIS – Traveler Information ARTS – Rural Transportation CVO – Commercial Vehicle OperationsAHS/IVI – Automated Highway SystemsADUS – Archived Data User Services
Advanced Traffic Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS)Management System (ATMS)
Improved control systems that change traffic controls according to actual traffic conditions– New control strategies– Adaptive control– Coordination between control systems– Integration of independent control systems
ATMSATMS
Goal of ATMS– Improve the flow of traffic– Make better use of available infrastructure
Advanced Public Transit Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS)Systems (APTS)
Goal: To improve the– Operational characteristics of transit fleets– Maintenance (cost and/or reliability) of transit
fleets– Revenue control– Security of drivers and passengers– Level of service experienced by riders– Information used for planning
Advanced Traveler Information Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)Systems (ATIS)
Goal: To improve the information given to travelers so that:– greater levels of mobility are experienced, and – decreased congestion and delay results
OR
When travel options do not exist:– Avoid the trip altogether, or– At least reduce level of driver frustration
Advanced Rural Transportation Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS)Systems (ARTS)
Goal: Cost effective solutions for rural problems not associated with peak period congestion
A combination of ATMS, APTS, ATIS, EMS aimed specifically at rural applications– Recreational travel patterns– Safety improvements
Lower costs required Often a larger geographic area covered
Commercial Vehicle Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)Operations (CVO)
Goal: To improve the efficiency and safety of commercial vehicle fleets, and reduce the cost of commercial vehicle operations– Tax compliance– Safety records and compliance– Maintenance records– Legal status (weight, authorization, tax
payment, customs/immigration status)
Automated Highway SystemsAutomated Highway SystemsGoal – Improve safety by reducing the
effects of human error– Concept: Cars of the future will drive
themselves!
Result 1: Its technically feasible, but implementation is unrealistic
Result 2: We can still take advantage of parts of the AHS concept
IVIIVI
Thus, AHS begat:
IVI = Intelligent Vehicle Initiative,
which begat
VII = Vehicle Infrastructure Integration
IVI – Intelligent Vehicle IVI – Intelligent Vehicle InitiativeInitiative
Reality – Subsystems that can improve the safety and operation of individual vehicles– Anti-lock brakes– Automated headway maintenance– Collision avoidance warning systems– Automated mayday systems
VII – Vehicle Infrastructure VII – Vehicle Infrastructure IntegrationIntegration
The public sector components of the system needed to connect the IVI components of different vehicles to gain additional safety and efficiency benefits
Primarily DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)– And what can be done as a result of DSRC
Archived Data User Services Archived Data User Services (ADUS)(ADUS)
Goals: To store and use data generated by ITS systems to:– Improve the operation of those systems, and
– Management of the transportation system
ADUSADUSManagement is not possible if you don’t
know what is happening
– “You can’t manage what you don’t measure”
ITS generates the data needed to determine what is happening. ADUS– Stores it– Analyzes it, and– Reports it
ADUS - ExamplesADUS - ExamplesTraffic control systems generate usage and
performance information– Improve operational controls
What plans work, what don’t How many vehicles are really using the system
– Planning and programming Describing to the public and public officials the
“state-of-the system” (for prioritization) Used in planning / programming analyses
– Environmental analysis
– Model calibration
ADUSADUS
Fleet management systems allow determination of where “slack time” exists and can be recovered– Idle vehicle time (trucks, buses)– Where delays are occurring and need to be
eliminated– Which vehicle components are likely to fail so
that they can be replaced before they break
Let’s Talk Remote Let’s Talk Remote IdentificationIdentification
Knowing who/what is present allows many tasks to be automated:– Bill paying (tolls)– Access control (garage door openers)– Theft prevention / recovery (Lo-Jac)
Commonly called - AVI
AVIAVI
AVI = automatic vehicle identification
– The same technology is called AEI in the business world (Auto. Equipment Identification)
– Note that Wal-Mart is now requiring all goods delivered to them to be shipped on pallets equipped with RFID tags, one type of AVI/AEI
ID By Itself Is UselessID By Itself Is Useless
Need to know other things about that person / thing
– Its location– Specific attributes– Actually knowing WHO it is, may not be
important
Knowing LocationKnowing Location
Automatic Vehicle Location = AVL
– Easiest = beacon or signpost (garage door opener) Basically – “I’m here! Do something for me.”
– More complex, but more robust GPS Dead reckoning Combinations of two of the three
CommunicationsCommunicationsHigh bandwidth
– Mostly “wire-line” Fiber optic Co-axial cable, twisted pair copper
– Wireless Tera Beam (light wave) Microwave WiFi (802.11 g)
Used for high volume data transmission– Usually from one fixed position to another
CommunicationsCommunicationsModerate Bandwidth
– Dedicated short range (DSRC) technologies RF (radio frequency spectrum) IR (infrared) Other (FCC licensed and unlicensed spectra)
Lower Bandwidth– Older wireless technologies
Various cellular telephone technologies WiFi (802.11a & b?) Spread spectrum radio Pager networks
Electronics + Communications Electronics + Communications = New Capabilities= New Capabilities
Added together, electronics and communications provide new capabilities– Specific combinations of technologies =
specific products
Those products / technologies require software, and creativity
ITS Technologies / ProductsITS Technologies / Products
Automated Vehicle / Equipment Identification (AVI / AEI)
Automated Vehicle Location (AVL)Vehicle Monitoring
– Counting– Classification– Performance (speed, engine diagnostics, etc.)
Let’s Talk Location and Let’s Talk Location and IdentificationIdentification
AEI / AVI + DatabaseAEI / AVI + Database
Associating an identification number with other information allows powerful capabilities
This requires data management capabilities
It also turns technology into a product
So???So???Technology = ProductsProducts = ServicesServices solve problemsPeople / agencies want solutions to
problems
ITS is only implemented when it solves an important problem (or cuts the cost of doing business)
So????So????For example:Vehicle location allows:
– Improved transit bus security Police can respond to the exact location of trouble
– Operational improvements A trucking operator can send the closest, empty,
truck to pick up the new load that is now ready
– Performance monitoring Tracking location at consecutive locations = travel
time (or speed)
But…But…
ITS technology only gets implemented when it makes economic sense
That is, when it resolves a problem (including providing a desired service) more cost-effectively than alternative methods
And…And…
ITS frequently requires a change in business practice (what an agency does, or how an agency goes about its business)
Thus, ITS is often not successful unless agency support for those changes in business practice exists
Worse YetWorse Yet
Changes in business practice often require:– Cooperation of outside agencies / organizations– Cooperation of other divisions within your own
organization– Interaction with other computer systems
Many of which were built without consideration of the need to interact with exterior systems
Causes problems with the timing of system updates Raise issues of data security
Worse Yet (cont.)Worse Yet (cont.)
Changes in Business Practice:– Create problems with who pays for what– Requires picking the “best” technology given
imperfect information
Recommended