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CBTC Suppliers Watch Out:
Metro Railways in India Opening
Arms
by
NIKHIL SWAMIB.TECH (ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION)
POST GRADUATE (METRO RAIL TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT)
ASST. SIGNAL & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEER
KOLKATA METRO RAIL CORPORATION LIMITED
INDIA
Development of metro rail transit projects in Indian cities
� In 9 Years from 2002-2011 , 200 Kilometres of Metro Line became
Operational
� Delhi Metro has been like an “Agent of Change”
� Phenomenal impact on the entire Indian infrastructure industry
� Current operational network of more than 180 km “ Tip of the iceberg”
� As per Unife (an Association of the European Rail Industry),
� Indian railway market has massive potential and Growing at a rate
of eight percent.
Metro Signalling Worldwide.....
� Communication Based Train Control systems widely accepted by metro
railways throughout the world
� More than 45 cities in the world with CBTC signalling system either in
operation or in the project stage.1
What this paper does?
� Discuss the gradual process that lead to choosing the metro rail
systems as a preferred mode of public transport.
� Analyses how the decision of Delhi metro to choose CBTC
technology in its new lines will impact other Indian cities, where
metros are being currently planned.
� Proposes a strategy for CBTC suppliers and paints a bigger
picture for for emerging opportunities in India in the coming
decade.
� The paper refrains from going into technical details of CBTC
Technology as this has been dealt with in papers written in the
past.
2
Growth in number of
cities with a million and
two million plus
population in India-
Growth of new urban
Centres slow
Increase in the
pressure on the
existing and
established
metropolitan cities
3
Why Metro Railway System is the answer to the transport
woes of Indian Cities?
2011
20210
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 Million Plus Cities2 Million Plus Cities
48
15
58
20
2011 2021
� To bring share of public transportation to 75 percent by the year 2030 to
achieve substantial reduction in fuel demand.
� Establish policy making metro rail systems most appropriate mass
transport mode in rapidly urbanising India.
Committee on urban transportation by Planning commission of India-
�Cities with a population of more than two million, metro services should
be planned within two years
�Metro rail-based systems should be the backbone of public transport.
National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of GoI focuses on minimising the
use of personal vehicles.
4
What is the Government of India’s stand?
5
Journey to the setting up of various metro rail development
organisations in India
• As per a
report,Total
Indian urban
population is
377 million and
may exceed the
earlier
projection of
590 million by
2030.
Large Ever
increasing urban
population
• Metro Rail systems operational in
only few cities- Kolkata, Delhi
(since 2002), Bangalore (since
2011)
• Major Cities with a population
much more than million.
• Rising middle income group forced
to buy private vehicles
• Result is excessive stress on
existing road network.
• Excessive burden on existing
modes of Transport
Existing Modes of
Transport not at all
sufficient
• Government of India has seen
light of the day after the
success of Delhi Metro project.
• MoUD with the collaboration
of State governments have
started forming Special
purpose vehicles on similar
lines of Delhi Metro to plan,
execute,build and run Metro
Railway organizations.
Answer to the
transport problems
of urban
conglomerations.
Delhi Metro: A Change Agent
Much needed “Change agent” for the entire infrastructure
industry and for Indian minds
Unprecedented success story both
� as a metro rail construction agency and
� as an operating agency.
6
Entry of Global Signal Suppliers in India
�New organisation formed and given powers to implement the project
gave acceptance to CATC system.
�Suppliers were all global signalling companies
�Has been advising younger metro organisations in the form of
�preparing detailed project reports
�Sharing its expertise on other complex issues
�Prime Consultants to many metros
Delhi Metro: A Change Agent
Making an entire generation of citizens environment conscious!!
� Urgent need in the city of Delhi to discourage the use of private vehicles.
� High capacity parking space adjacent to metro stations.
� Creating “ Habit of using Public transportation” among people.
� Making bicycles available at important stations.
� Got full support of passengers in keeping the way it is meant to be.
� First metro project in the world to be registered for carbon credits
under the CDM initiative of UNFCC by the United Nations.
� Estimated 100,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide will be offset every year
� Eligible to claim 400,000 carbon credits for a ten-year period
commencing from the year 2007.
� Other Metro operators expected to take benefit of this scheme of
UNFCC
7
9
Metro lines in cities of Delhi and
Bangalore commisioned with CATC
System ,Similar systems finalized for some
Lines of Mumbai, Kolkata , Jaipur Chennai.
-->There are several new lines that are yet
to decide on the Signaling technology.
--> Delhi, Hyderabad and Navi Mumbai
Metros planning to adopt CBTC in future.
-->Non Availabity of Other Travel Modes
in Indian Cities , put an ever increasing
Pressure on Affordable Metros.
-->Peak Hour Per Direction Traffic
(PHPDT) will increase substantially over
the years demanding solutions that can
cater such needs.
-->Similar Safety Proven System
successfully implemented in Major metros
globally
--> Reduced Lifecycle Costs
--> Operational Flexibility
--> Reduced headways
--> Reduced civil construction expenditure
-->Delhi metro the pioneer among Indian
Metro looking for Technological solutions
for increasing its Line capacity for its 3rd
phase and zeroed down CBTC Signalling
Systems.
-->Delhi Metro a leading advisor to most
young metros.
CBTC
What makes it so special?
� Will open a new era for CBTC technology in the Indian signalling
market
Newer metro organisations to note the experience of Delhi metro,
����how it is facing capacity challenges on some of the lines
����how it plans to be better equipped in its new third phase lines
� Stakeholders of new metro lines should go ahead and choose the latest
technology which can deliver the twin goals of
� best headways
� maximum return on investment.
� For leading CBTC suppliers
Gigantic business opportunity coming with a social satisfaction of
making lives simpler for millions and millions of Indians.
10
Indian City Metro LineSignalling
Supplier
Stage of overall
ProjectSignalling Technology
DelhiLine No. 1 ,Line
No. 2ALSTOM Operational
CATC with Cab Signalling &
ATP- DTG
DelhiLine No. 3,Line
No. 4SIEMENS Operational
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
DelhiLine No. 5, Line
No. 6BOMBARDIER Operational
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
Delhi Airport Line SIEMENS OperationalCATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
KolkataEast West Line
(1st under river
bed line in India)
ANSALDO STSUnder
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
Gurgaon1 Lines in
progressSIEMENS
Under
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
BangaloreEast west
corridor
ALSTOM Under
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
BangaloreNorth-south
corridorALSTOM
Under
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
JaipurLine 1 (Stage 1-
9.25 Km)ALSTOM
Under
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block) 11
Description of different metro lines operational and planned
Indian City Metro LineSignalling
Supplier
Stage of
overall Project
Signalling
Technology
Chennai
Line 1:[32.1
km]
Line 2: [22 km]
SIEMENSUnder
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
MumbaiPhase -1, Line
1SIEMENS
Under
development
CATC with Cab Signalling
(Fixed Block)
MumbaiPhase 1, Line 2
& Line 3
To be
selected
Under
development-
Delhi Phase 3To be
selected
Under
development
CBTC (Moving Block
Technology)
Chennai Phase 2To be
selected
Under
development-
Navi
Mumbai
Six Lines( 117
Km)
To be
selected
Under
development
Planning for CBTC
(Moving Block
Technology)
HyderabadPhase 1(71
Km)
To be
selected
Under
development
CBTC (Moving Block
Technology)12
Indian City Metro LineSignalling
Supplier Stage of overall Project
Signalling
Technology
Kochi Phase 1 25.2 Km To be selected Under development -
Ahmadabad 58 Km(Approx) To be selected Under development -
LucknowPhase 1 (3 Lines) -
37.2 KmTo be selected Under development -
Indore 8 Planned lines To be selected Under development -
Chandigarh7 planned
CorridorsTo be selected Under development -
Ludhiana2 planned
corridors (29 Km)To be selected Under development -
Pune 31.5 Km To be selected Under development -
Jaipur Phase 2 (28 Km) To be selected Under development -
There are other cities like Rajkot, Vadodara, Surat, Indore, Kanpur and
Patna that are also planning for metro rail transit systems.13
CBTC: Right choice for metro rail systems in India?
14
•High levels of reliability and availability in accordance with
established standards for Metros worldwide.
•Continuous availability of real time accurate location of the trains,
their speed and communication links with other CBTC equipped trains.
•Due to the moving block train signalling technology shorter headways
can be achieved
• Easier installation and commissioning on working railways.
•Potential for lower maintenance costs resulting from lesser trackside
equipment
•Elimination of secondary train detection and optimisation of control
centre and maintenance staff.
Operational Flexibility of CBTC Systems
� Growing need felt for greater operational flexibility in operational metros.
� Metro systems experiencing erratic passenger demands.
� External interruptions and other type of safety threat put tremendous demands on recovery capabilities
� Traffic management being much more responsive to variations.
� Flexibility to the operator in terms of the time table or schedule optimisation.
The Passenger’s perspective
� CBTC give frequent service.
� Effective disbursement of passengers from station platforms.
�Tendency of passengers to rush to catch the trains
�Prolonged crowding of platforms gets reduced
� Decreases the need for specific staff that manage passenger flow on station platforms
15
Bigger Picture For CBTC Suppliers
� Not going in for Moving block technology post the 1st decade of 21st century ?
� Post 2002 , Most new lines in other cities followed similar fixed block CATC
system
� Not many envisioned the catalytic effect of development of metros on capacity
projections.
� Need to choose operationally flexible systems with capability to meet such
demands.
Maximising Return on Investment
� Lesser the Capital cost , easier it is to create right pitch for projects to be
funded.
� Planners needs a holistic analysis of all operating expenditures and life cycle
costs.
� Biggest component of a new metro project is the civil construction cost.
� Passenger throughput is maximised under CBTC
� Similar capacity can be achieved with shorter platforms and trains16
Proposed Strategy For CBTC Suppliers In India
Customised CBTC solutions, keeping different Indian cities in perspective.
� Understanding the operational needs, Giving cost benefits without
compromising on the safety aspects.
� What factors that need to be considered ?
� Tendency to include the most innovative and proprietary solution that
tends to increase the cost.
Justifying CBTC
� A single line project (e.g. under 20 kilometres) or an integrated project
with 4 to 6 lines
What can be more Cost effective?
� Reduced functionality CBTC with possibility to be enhanced
� System brought to completely advanced functionality in phases
Joint Study to explain Metro Planners CBTC’s role in reducing Lifecycle
costs.
17
CONCLUSION
For most Asian mass transit railway systems today
� Ridership demand increase is far beyond the original projection of the
developers.
� Today’s railway systems offer safe and quick transport within urban
areas. Act as a catalyst for rapid economic development
� Operational metro systems are optimising , trying to cope with high
maintenance costs.
CBTC (Moving Block Signalling) can be the answer to all this.
� Acceptance of advanced CBTC technology by Delhi Metro is a
significant milestone for the whole metro signalling industry in India.
� Unique moment to seize, equally for both metro rail authorities of
different cities in India and the global CBTC suppliers.
� High time for CBTC suppliers to be a part of a change that is
waiting to come to the Indian metro signalling industry.18
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