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Motherboard Form Factors
• AT
• Baby or Mini AT
• ATX
• microATX, FlexATX, ITX, miniITX, BTX, NLX.
• Proprietary Designs
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Setup vs. BIOS vs. CMOS
Setup is a program that
controls settings in the BIOS,
which are stored on a device
manufactured with CMOS
technology.
24
CMOS has its own
battery so that the
configuration information
will not be lost when the
computer is turned off or
during a power failure.
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ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A69KS2C)
CMOS SETUP UTILITY
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
STANDARD CMOS SETUP
BIOS FEATURES SETUP
CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP
PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION
LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS
LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS
INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS
SUPERVISOR PASSWORD
USER PASSWORD
IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION
SAVE & EXIT SETUP
EXIT WITHOUT SAVING
ESC : QUIT : Select Item
F10 : SAVE & EXIT SETUP (Shift)F2:Change Color
Time, Date, Hard Disk Type ...
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STANDARD CMOS SETUP
Date (mm:dd:yy) : Wed, May 12 1999
Time (hh:mm:ss) : 11:33: 24
HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDZ SECTOR MODE
Pri Master: Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO
Pri Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----
Sec Master: None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----
Sec Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----
Drive A: 1.44M, 3.5 in.
Drive B: None
Floppy 3 Mode Support: Disabled
Video : EGA/VGA
Halt On : All Errors
ESC:Quit : Select Item PU/PD/+/-: Modify
F1 :Help (Shift)F2 : Change Color
Base Memory : 640K
Ext Memory : 31744K
Other Memory: 384K
Total Memory 32768K
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American
Megatrends
AMIBIOS Setup
(C)1996, American Megatrends Inc.
Default
Original Optimal Turbo
Utility
Color Set Language
Security
Supervisor User
Anti-Virus
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Setup
1
7Standard
PCI/PnP
Advanced
PeripheralPower Mgmt
Chipset
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Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit
Phoenix SETUP Utility (Version 1.00) 01
F1 Help Select Item -/+ Change Values F9 Setup Defaults
Esc Exit Select Menu Enter Select Sub Menu F10 Save and Exit
Item Specific Help
BIOS Version 4S4EBOX1.10A.0028.P11 (All)
Processor Type Pentium II Processor
Processor Speed 350 MHz
Cache RAM 512 KB
Service Tag J6XXX
System Memory 192 MB
Memory Bank 0 32 MB SDRAM
Memory Bank 1 32 MB SDRAM
Memory Bank 2 128 MB SDRAM
Language: [English (US)]
L2 Cache ECC Support: [Auto]
System Time: [16:54:53]
System Date: [04/27/1999]
Enabling L2 Cache
ECC Support allows
error checking to
occur on data
accessed from the
L2 cache.
When this option
is disabled, error
checking is not
performed.
When set to Auto,
the state of the
L2 ECC cache will
follow the state
of the ECC DRAM.
Menu
Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
Maintaining BIOS
Configuration
Information
40
During Cold Boot:
• All circuits are reset.
• The computer performs the
Power On Self Test (POST) …
• and then loads the Disk
Operating System.
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During Warm Boot:
• The computer skips the Power On
Self Test (POST) …
• and immediately reloads the OS.
45
The Power-On Self Test (POST)
• Checks the CPU.
• Checks the system bus.
• Tests video memory.
• Tests system RAM.
• Tests the keyboard.
• Checks disk drives.
• Verifies configuration.
• Incorporates expansion BIOS.
• Configures Plug and Play Devices.
58
DRAMDynamic Random Access Memory
• More $$ than hard drive memory, but faster
• The number used to sell the machine
• Require constant refreshing
• Power off = Data lost (volatile)
59
SRAM
Static Random Access Memory
• Much more $$ than DRAM
• Much faster than DRAM
• Often located between CPU and DRAM
• 512K on Pentium II CPUs
60
ROM
Read-Only Memory
• Much slower than DRAM
• Non-volatile
• Used to store the BIOS
• (shhhh…it’s random access too)
61Menu
CMOS
Complimentary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor
• Used to store user-defined BIOS
settings
• Volatile, often requires a battery
• Newer technologies are non-volatile
65
Synchronous DRAM…
SDRAM
• New Technology
• Very fast
• Used in Pentium II and Pentium III
systems
74
DRAM “forgets”
• Each DRAM bit is made up of
a transistor and a capacitor.
• Small capacitors lose their
charge over time
• Capacitors must be recharged
AMIBIOS System Configuration (C) 1985-1995, American Megatrends Inc.,
Main Processor : Pentium(P54C)
Math Processor : Built-In
Floppy Drive A: : 1.44 MB 3½”
Floppy Drive B: : None
AMIBIOS Date : 07/15/95
Processor Clock : 100MHz
Power Management : Disabled
Base Memory Size: 640KB
Ext. Memory Size : 15360KB
Display Type : VGA/EGA
Serial Port(s) : 3F8,3E8
Parallel Port(s) : 378
External Cache : 256KB,Enabled
Plug and Play ISA Devices:
Analog Devices AD1816
Pci Devices:
PCI Onboard IDE PCI Slot 2 VGA: IRQ 11
Bank 0: EDO
Bank 1: FP
Bank 0: EDO
Bank 1: FP
Base Memory Size : 640KB
Ext. Memory Size : 15360KB
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