Case 5.2 group 5 hassan alibrahim sn 42

Case: 5.2 Anaphylactic shock

Hassan Alibrahim

SN 42

213121096

Tutor group 5

Learning objectives

Hypersensitivity mechanism (Cause of redness and swelling).

Histamine and its role in our body Anaphylactic shock1. - Shortness of breath.2. - Low blood pressure 3. - Raised heart rates4. - Swollen tight stomach vasoconstrictors & vasodilators and their

effects in our circulation Management of Anaphylactic shock

Difficult words

Urticaria

Angioedema

Angioedema : is the swelling of deep dermis,

subcutaneous, or mucosa due to vascular

leakage ( deeper )

Urticaria (hives): is a common skin condition

characterized by acute development of itchy

wheals or swelling in the skin due to leaky

dermal vessels ( commonly upper part of

dermis)

They usually indicate to allergy

Hypersensitivity type 1

Histamine and its role in our

body neurotransmitter

involved in the inflammatory response

produced by basophils and by mast

cells

Histamine increases the permeability

of the capillaries

Increasing the permeability will cause

the fluid to leak in the tissues and this

will cause the BP to decrease. ↓

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a serious

allergic reaction that is

rapid in onset and may

cause death. It typically

causes a number of

symptoms including an

itchy rash, throat swelling,

and low BP . Common

causes include insect

bites/stings, foods, and

medications.

Shortness of breath.

Smooth muscle contraction of the

airway (by histamine)

bronchospasm –> difficulty in

breathing

Permeability of blood vessels will

increase, some fluid may leak in the

lungs.

Low blood pressure

Vasodilation will decrease the

total Peripheral resistance which will

cause the BP to decrease

BP = CO TPR

the fluid leakage will also decrease the

CO

Raised heart ratesDecrease

in BP

Powerful stimulation of NS

Vasoconstriction in most tissues

Increase TPR

Veins and

venous reservoir constrict

Maintaining adequate

VR

Increase in heart activity

HR 160-180

beats/min

Swollen tight stomach

Angioedema and fluid leakage

vasoconstrictors & vasodilators and their

effects in our circulation

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood

vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular

wall of the vessels

Increases Peripheral resistance

Vasodilation (or vasodilatation) refers to the

widening of blood vessels. It results from relaxation

of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls

Decreses the Peripheral resistance

They are important to maintain the BP and the

temperature of the body

The best treatment is prevention. Avoidance of

triggering foods may require almost obsessive self-

discipline.

Desensitization has a well-established place in the

management of this disorder, especially if exposure is

unpredictable/unavoidable such as insect stings.

Management

Patient education is necessary and many are instructed

in self-administration of adrenalin and carry pre-loaded

syringes (needles)

Management of Anaphylactic shock

references

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135

208-overview

Thank u, any question ?