Carries prevalence among smoking university students

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University of science technology

Medical

Collage of Dentistry

DENTAL CARRIES PREVALENCE AMONG SMOKING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

(It is a part of community Dentistry requirement)2013-2014 

Supervised by:

Ass. Prof.Ali Almashhadani

Done by:

Ibrahim Salim

Jamal Aman

Zakarya Hafiz

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PERFACE

FOR OUR DOCTOR:

ALI AL-MASHHADANI

AND GRAET THANKS FOR OUR PARENT FOR THEIR PATIENT AND SUPPORT TO SEE OUR

SUCCESS.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Thanks for our doctor /Ali Al-Mashhadani for his support us .

We thank U.S.T to facilities our research.

We thank the students who has been so cooperate with us.

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Table

Conte

nt

Content PAGES Table No. PAGES

Table Content 4 Our study DMF mouth wash (smoking)

29/31/33

Analysis of case history

10 Our study DMF mouth wash (non smoking)

30/32/34

DMF U.S(smoking) 14 DMF Morocco(smoking) 36

Our study DMF smoking

15 Our study DMF dental floss (smoking)

37/39

Our study DMF (non smoking)

16 Our study DMFdental floss (non smoking)

38/40

DMF IDIA (tooth brush) 18 DMF snack India (smoking) 42

Our study DMF tooth brush (smoking)

20Our study DMF snack

(smoking)

43

Our study DMF tooth brush (non smoking)

21 Our study DMF snack (smoking)

45

Our study DMF tooth brush (smoking)

22 Our study DMF snack (no smoking)

44

Our study DMF tooth brush (non smoking)

23 Our study DMF snack (no smoking)

46

Our study DMF tooth brush (smoking)

24 Search result 47

Our study DMF tooth brush (non smoking)

25 discussion

48

DMF IDIA (Tooth brush)

27 recommendation 50/51

DMF IDIA (Tooth brush)

28

Tab

le((

1))

5

 WORK ENVIROMENT

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The Study was conducted on 1 MAR 2014 in U.S.T. in Sana’a

city .

A sample of 100 from University students

7

Sample of the case sheet

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Period of time: 6 hours

Place: First day: Accommodation of UST students. Second day: Faculty of medicine.

Amount o f samples: 100

Equipment of examination: Gloves Mask

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Research

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ANALYSIS OF THE CASE-HISTORY

Case-History Do you smoking? If no how?

DO you use

tooth brush ?

if no. why?

DO you use

mouth wash?

IF no why?

Do you use dental

floss?

How many dental caries?

How many missing

teeth?

How many filling?

40 60 83 17 12 88 30 87 23 148

Table((1))

DMF=258

11

Relationship of study with DMF

According to :

1. Smoking

2. Toothbrush

3. Mouthwash

4. Dental floss

5. Snack between food

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RESAULTS

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Smoking

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DMF between smokers and non-smokers in united state,in1999

%DMFsmoker 91.48

Non smoker 91.19

smoke

Table((2))The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has been an important source of information on oral health and dental care in the United States since the early 1970s.

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(11-up) (6-10) (1-5)

17 18 5 NO.45 39 35 DMF

37,8% 32,7% 29,4% DMF%

Our study of DMF

Smoking

DMF=119Table ((3))Ibrahim Salim

Jamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

16

Our study of DMF Non smoking

harmful expenvive don’t like it

12 448

NO.

42 50 47 DMF

30,2% 35,9% 33,8% DMF%

DMF=119Table ((4))Ibrahim Salim

Jamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Toothbrush

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DMF in India (2009)

)

Yes DMF% No DMF% TotalNew delhi

283 26.88% 62 73.12% 345

Goa 319 17.9% 33 82.1% 352

Toothbrush

Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30

Table((5))

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DMF of children in India (2009)

Once DMF% Twice DMF% Thrice DMF% TotalNew Delhi

259 67.80% 95 24.90% 13 3.40% 367

Goa 293 75.90% 79 20.50% 12 3.10% 384

Toothbrush

Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30

Table((6))

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Our study of DMF according to the Toothbrush

smoking

yes DMF% No DMF% (1-5) 9 %7.5 2 %1.6

(6-10) 11 %9.2 4 %3.3

(11-up) 8 %6.7 6 %5.04

Total 28 %23.4 12 %9.94

Toothbrush

Table((7))

Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Toothbrush (NON SMOKER)

yes DMF% No DMF%55 %39.5 5 %3,59

Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

Table((8))

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Our study of DMF according to the Toothbrush (SMOKER)

harmful expensive don’t like it OTHERS

NO 2 2 3 5

DMF 30 29 28 32

DMF% 25.21% 24.36% 23.52% 26.89%

Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

Table((9))

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Our study of DMF according to the Toothbrush (non SMOKER)

harmful expensive don’t like it OTHERS

NO 1 0 0 4

DMF 50 0 0 89

DMF% 35,97% 0% 0% 64,28%

Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

Table((10))

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Our study according to the Toothbrush (smoker)

1/d 2/d 3/d (1-5) 6 4 0

(6-10) 5 3 0

(11-up) 7 3 0

Toothbrush if yes how many time

Table ((11))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study according to the Toothbrush (smoker)

1/d 2/d 3/d (1-5) 5,04% 3,36% 0

(6-10) 4,2% 2,52% 0

(11-up) 5,88% 2,52% 0

Toothbrush if yes how many time

Table ((11))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study according to the Toothbrush (non smoker)

1/d 2/d 3/dNon smoker 30 23 2

Toothbrush if yes how many time

Table((12))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study according to the Toothbrush (non smoker)

1/d 2/d 3/dNon smoker 21,58% 19,32% 1,43%

Toothbrush if yes how many time

Table((12))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Mouthwash

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DMF in India (2009)

)

Yes DMF% No DMF% TotalNew delhi

41 12.91% 304 87.09% 345

Goa 73 17.9% 279 82.1% 352

Mouthwash

Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30

Table((13))

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DMF in India (2009)

Once DMF% Twice DMF% TotalNew delhi 32 71.80% 9 28.2% 41

Goa 66 62.07% 7 37.93% 73

Mouthwash

Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30

Table((14))

31

Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ( smoker )

Yes DMF% (1-5) 1 0,84%

)6-10( 1 0,84%

)11-up( 2 1,68%

Total 4 3,36%

Mouthwash

Table ((15))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ( non smoker )

Yes DMF%Non smoker 8 5,75%

Total 8 5,75%

Mouthwash

Table ((16))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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1/d 2/d 3/d

(1-5) 1 0 0

(6-10) 1 0 0

(11-up) 1 1 0

if yes how many time?

Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ) smoker (

Table ((17))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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1/d 2/d 3/d

(1-5) 0,84% 0 0

(6-10) 0,84% 0 0

(11-up) 0,84% 0,84% 0

if yes how many time?

Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ) smoker (

Table ((17))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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1/d 2/d 3/d

Non smoker 7 1 0

if yes how many time?

Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ) Non smoker (

Table ((18))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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1/d 2/d 3/d

Non smoker 5,03% 0,71 0

if yes how many time?

Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ) Non smoker (

Table ((18))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ( smoker )

)

No. DMF DMF%

Expensive 11 32 26,89%

Harmful 5 15 12,6%

Don’t like it 7 19 15,96%Other 13 53 44,53%

If no why?

Table ((19))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Mouthwash ( Non smoker )

)

No. DMF DMF%

Expensive 23 70 50,35%

Harmful 7 21 15,1%

Don’t like it 12 31 22,3%Other 10 27 19,42%

If no why?

Table ((20))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Dental floss

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DMF in Morocco , Rabat (2001)

Yes DMF% No DMF

% Total(1-5) 12 14.11% 73 85.89% 85

(6-10) 27 23.03% 90 76.96% 117

(11-up) 13 12.26% 93 87.74% 106

Dental floss

Frencken JE, Rugarabamu P, Mulder J(2001). The effect of sugar cane chewingon the development of dental caries.J Dent Res, 68(6):1102- 4.

Table ((21))

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Our study of DMF according to the Dental floss ( smoker )

Yes DMF% No DMF% )1-5( 2 1,68% 7 5,88% ) 6-10( 4 3,36% 9 7,56% )11-up( 7 5,88% 11 9,24%

Total 13 10,92% 27 22,68%

Dental floss

Table ((22))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Dental floss ( non smoker )

Yes DMF% No DMF% )1-5( 17 12,23% 43 30,93%

Total 17 12,23% 43 30,93%

Dental floss

Table ((23))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Dental floss ( smoker )

)

No. DMF DMF%Expensive 1 7 5,88%

Harmful 13 24 20,16%

Don’t like it 6 59 49,57%

Other 7 29 24,36%

If no why?

Table ((24))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Dental floss ( non smoker )

)

No. DMF DMF%Expensive 3 11 7,91%

Harmful 14 45 32,37%

Don’t like it 16 54 38,84%

Other 10 29 20,86%

If no why?

Table ((25))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Snack

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DMF in India according to the snack(2013)

Yes No)1-5( 90.9% %9.1

)6-10( 82.93% 17.07%

)11-up( 75.23% 24.77%

Snack

Manowiec J. Evaluation of caries prevention programs in Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2003;49:303-20

Table ((26))

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Our study of DMF according to the Snack (smoker )

Yes DMF% No DMF% )1-5( 4 3,36% 1 0,84% )6-10( 7 5,88% 1 0,84% )11-up( 3 2,52% 6 5,04%

Total 14 11,76% 8 6,72%

Snacks between food

Table ((27))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Our study of DMF according to the Snack (non smoker )

Yes DMF% No DMF%Non smoker 56 47,05% 4 3,36%

Total 56 47,05% 4 3,36%

Snackes between food

Table ((28))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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)

No. DMF DMF%Soft drinks 22 52 43,69%Chocolate 3 15 12,6%Biscuit 4 19 15,96%other 11 33 27,73%

If yes what type?

Our study of DMF according to the Snack ) smoker (

Table ((29))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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)

No. DMF DMF%Soft drinks 33 54 38,84%Chocolate 6 34 24,46%Biscuit 8 29 20.86%other 13 22 15,82%

If yes what type?

Our study of DMF according to the Snack )Non smoker (

Table ((30))Ibrahim SalimJamal AmanZakarya Hafiz1 Mars 2014

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Search Result There is relationship between smoker

and non smoker in DMF . Low result of DMF in person who smoke

and brush there teeth regularly . Low result of DMF in person who smoke

and use mouth wash . High result of DMF in person who

smoke and didn’t use brush and mouth wash .

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Recommendations

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1-Recommendations during the examination :

1.Recommendation to the security staff in the university to prevent student and public from smoking in the university campus to improve the general health and prevent the speared of this habit .

2 .in association with the student union in the collage to provide brushers showing the contents of each cigarette and the damage that is caused by each component.

3 .showing clinical cases to the student with result and damage affected to general health .

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4 . Separation of information about the smoking effect on social networks and provide lectures to the student in hostiles to reduce smoking while in home .

5 . Brush There teeth 2 time daily at minimum and give general idea to how use dental floss and mouth wash.

6 .Tell the students to try nicotine replacement by therapy gum or patches .

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2-Recommendations to the ministry :

1 . Ministry of Health: Start or make a program to smoking cessation .

2 . Ministry of Health: Awareness about the dangers of smoking through health centers by many program and magazine .

3 .Request for cooperation between the Ministries of Health and Media for raising a special programs .

4 .Send a medical staff to university to educate the student about the dangers of smoking and it’s effects on the mouth and teeth .

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Rreferences

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Dent Oral Epidemiol, 29)5(:

319- 28.1. Mandal kp, Tewari AB, Chawla HS,Gaubak D )2001(. Prevalence and severityof dental caries and treatment needsamong population in Eeasts of India. JIndian Socprer Dental, 19)3(: 85-91.

2. Budner L, Anaise JZ )1977(. Caries prevalencein workers in the sweets industryanepidemiological survey. Re FuatHapeh Vehashinagim, 26)3(: 39- 45.

3. Anaise JZ )1980(. Prevalence of dental cariesamong workers in the sweets industryin Israel.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,8)3(: 142- 45.

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4 .Petersen PE (1989). Evaluation of a dentalpreventive program for Danisb chocolateworkers. Community Dent OralEpidemiol, 17(2): 53- 9.

5. Rekha R, Hiremathss (2002). Oral healthstatus and treatment requirements ofconfectionary workers in Banglore city.A comparative study. Indian J Dent Res,13(3-4): 161-65.

6. Masalin K, Murtomaa H, Meurman JH(1990). Oral health of workers in themodern finnish confectionery industry.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 18(3):126- 30.

7. Werckmeister J, Ruppe k (1990). Prevalenceof damages of dental, oral and thejaw areas among workers exposed tosubstances in a chemical company.Stomatol DDR, 40(4): 172- 74.

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internet http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2633160/ http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijd/2012/810170/ http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/

DentalCariesAdults20to64.htm

* [http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/publications/factsheets/sgr2000_fs3.htm], Accessed on October 14, 2010.

World Health Organization: Significant Caries Index 2008 [http://www.W hocollab.od.mah.se/sicdata.html], Accessed on October 14, 2010.

*http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6831/10/24/prepub

*[http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/fact_sheets/sg04.htm], Accessed on October 14, 2010.

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Thank You