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Carlson Pond: Sedimentation Analysis
Jessie Balbiani, Shell Howard, Bret Lytle, Chris Pike Charlie Haley-Withers
Purpose
• Provide an overall assessment of the pond • Health• Behavior• Potential
Goal
1. Estimate how much sediment has accumulated since the pond’s formation about 20 years ago
2. Determine the water content and organic content of accumulated sediments
3. Evaluate the ponds potential for fish stocking
Influencing Factors
Influencing Factors
Influencing Factors
Influencing Factors
Hypothesis
• Expected high rates of accumulation– High erosion from fields– Increased organic accumulation from tree
• Believe rapid rate of shallowing would not make pond a viable location to stock fish
Sampling Locations
In The Field
• Water level was much lower than expected
• Sediment depths did not follow anticipated linear pattern
• Modified sampling sites
Field Methods: Taking Core Samples
o Mechanics of KB Core Deviceo Acts as a Strawo Remote Closingo Intact Cores
Field Methods:Taking Core Samples
Core Sample Extraction
Field Methods:Taking Core Samples
o Samples as Evidence
o Layers are Distincto Measured full deptho Measured organic layer
o Separation of Organic and Clay
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Methods Lab analysis of Sediment Cores
• Equipment used • Drying oven • Muffle Furnace • Scale in micrograms
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MethodsLab Analysis of Sediment Cores
• Core preparation • Water siphoned off top of core• Sediment pushed up in core from bottom until
1cm was exposed • First 10cm of each core removed 1cm at a
time and placed in labeled sample cups.• Samples weighed wet, dry, post furnace.
Methods Lab Analysis of Sediment Cores
• Reducing samples • 1cm layers weighed individually wet• Placed in drying oven at 60C for 72hr• Weighed individually after drying • Placed in Muffle Furnace at 600C for 3hr• Cooled in desiccant box before final
individual weighing
Methods Field Analysis of Sediment Cores
RESULTS
• Highest sediment by dam, ~ 7cm total– Clay layer
• total estimated sediment accumulation 6.42 m3 (bath. Group)
• Not much sediment build up
RESULTS
0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.8000
2
4
6
8
10
12
Organic Content
Core 1Core 2Core 3
Organic Weight (g)
Sedi
men
t dep
th (c
m)
8.000 10.000 12.000 14.000 16.000 18.000 20.000 22.000 24.0000
2
4
6
8
10
12
Water Content
Core 1Core 2Core 3
Water Weight (g)
Sedi
men
t dep
th (c
m)
DISCUSSION
Organic content
• Multiple sources of organic content–Willow tree, grasses, crops in farmfield
• Organisms (zooplankton etc.) depend on organic content
• High organic content could potentially help support a small fishery.
Sediment Accumulation
• 7 cm, Not significant amount of sediment accumulation– Shallowing not a concern
• Wind blown deposition– Trees
• Runoff not issue– Buffer zones
Management Recommendations
Riparian Buffer Systems• Separate water body from
agricultural activity• Remove nutrients,
sediments, and pollutants from surface runoff
• Provide wildlife habitat
Includes:• Forest Riparian Buffer• Grass Riparian Buffer
Forest Buffers• Studies show sediment can be
reduced up to 86% within 6.6 meters of the buffer
• Fast growth (Cottonwood, Oak)• Slow growth (Pine)
Grass Buffers• Studies show 99% of total
suspended solids from runoff events can be removed in 9 meters of grass
• A majority of pollutants have found to be reduced in 10-15 meters of buffers
• Cool and Warm Season Grasses
Feasible Fish Introduction
Recommended SpeciesLargemouth Bass and Yellow Perch/Bluegill
Main Goal• Production of large perch/bluegill
and quality largemouth bass for recreational fishing
After Introduction• Limit harvest of the bass• Sufficient bass density is needed
to control recruitment of bluegill or perch
• Successful reproduction and recruitment of bass is vital, by having good water quality and habitat
• Perch and Bluegill eat algae, plankton, insects, fish eggs, crayfish, snails, leeches, and worms
• Largemouth bass eat perch/bluegill, insects, and worms
References• Boyd, Claude. Bottom Soils, Sediment, and Pond. New York:
Chapman &Hall, 1995. Print
• Guy, Christopher S., et al. 1991. Evaluation of Largemouth Bass-Yellow Perch Communities in Small South Dakota Impoundments. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 11:43-49
• Mankin, Kyle R., et al. 2007. Grass Shrub Riparian Buffer Removal of Sediment, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen from Simulated Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association.
43:1108-1114
• Schoonover, Jon E., et al. 2006. Agricultural Sediment Reduction by Giant Cane and Forest Riparian Buffers. Department of
Forestry. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 169:303-315.
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