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Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Chapter FiveChapter Five
Promoting Wellness
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Health PromotionHealth Promotion
Modern version of “Fountain of Youth” is the concept of health promotion
Current health-care concepts emphasize vitality and independence
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Chronic DiseaseChronic Disease
80% of older adults experience at least one chronic disease
50% of older adults experience at least three chronic diseases
Most frequent: Arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, hearing
impairments, dementia
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Chronic DiseaseChronic Disease
Treatment strategies Treat symptoms Maximize strengths of older adult Maintain ability to perform ADLs and IADLs
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Illness/Wellness on a ContinuumIllness/Wellness on a Continuum
Health is a continuum with illness at one end and health at the other end
Health promotion focuses on wellness Health promotion must include:
Motivation Desire must be present to make change Explore what motivates the older person
Internal and external
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Illness/Wellness on a ContinuumIllness/Wellness on a Continuum
Health promotion (cont.) Incentives
Reasons for participating in health promotion Identified through caring and focused interview
Health-promotion activities Find properly designed activities that are focused on
needs of older adults Individualized activities for each person
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
NutritionNutrition
General health is determined by the effects of dietary patterns over the years
Aging changes that affect optimum nutrition Metabolism slows Senses of taste and smell decrease Decrease in socialization opportunities Environmental changes
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
NutritionNutrition
Poor dietary habits contribute to disease in old age Heart disease Cancer Osteoporosis
Health-promotion activities should be aimed at changing dietary habits
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Exercise Stimulates the mind Maintains fitness Slows progression of some diseases Helps establish social contacts Improves quality of life
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Inactivity leads to: Fatigue Lack of energy Poor sleeping patterns Poor circulation Muscle wasting Decreased bone density
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Exercise improves or slows the progression of chronic diseases
Regular exercise for older adults should emphasize increase in: Strength Flexibility Endurance
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Strengthening Build and maintain muscle condition Short-term illness decreases muscle strength Weak muscles lead to falls
Flexibility Exercises include slow stretching motions Prevent muscles from becoming short and tight Motions should be done gradually and slowly
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Exercise program should be approved by physician
Endurance Improves function of heart, lungs, and blood vessels Aerobic exercises best—swimming, walking, cycling Correct breathing technique should be emphasized
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Stress Motivates people to act, think under pressure, be
creative Need to maintain balance between positive stress
and harmful stress Stress can increase risk of developing or
worsening chronic diseases
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Stress (cont.) Stress in older adults is related to:
Environment—weather, crime, crowds, time pressures
Body—illness, accidents, lack of sleep, normal aging changes
Mind—boredom, despair, hopelessness
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Stress (cont.) Assist older adult in recognizing personal stress
Stress log Daily journal
Develop interventions to relieve stress Quickie relaxers Long-term management skills
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Exercise and FitnessExercise and Fitness
Stress (cont.) Stress management options
Symptom relief Accept stressors Alter stressors Avoid stressors
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
LifestylesLifestyles
Various lifestyles have impact on health promotion
Relationships As people grow older, relationships end or change
Divorce Death of spouse, child, friend, petRetirement
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
LifestylesLifestyles
Alcohol and drugs Serious problem in older adults Chronic abusers Excessive drinkers later in life Combination with OTC and prescription drugs a
concern Need to assess for alcohol and drug use
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Self-CareSelf-Care
Self-care is the individual’s efforts to maintain optimal health and functionality
Older adults best qualified to keep themselves healthy
Self-care involves Accepting responsibility for own health Adopting healthy habits Making changes to accomplish what you want
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Self-CareSelf-Care
Encourage individuals to participate in maintaining or improving their health
Nurses should offer activities that promote self care
Nurses should create an environment that assists with self-care
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