View
227
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
cardiology
Citation preview
CARDIOMYOPATHIES
REPORTED BY: CHARLENE DOROTHY TABIGNE
CARDIOMYOPATHY•is a heart muscle disease associated with cardiac dysfunctions.
•CLASSIFICATIONS:
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
• Distinguished by significant dilation of ventricles without simultaneous hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction.
• Ventricles have increased systolic and diastolic volumes but decreased ejection fraction.
• Chambers dilate and muscle walls become thinner.
• Diminished contractile elements of the muscle fibers and diffuse necrosis of myocardial cells. The result is poor systolic function.
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY•Characterized by diastolic dysfunction caused by rigid
ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling and ventricular stretch. These changes cause the heart to fill poorly.
•May be assoc. with amyloidosis and other infiltrative diseases.
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPAT
HY-the heart muscle (myocardium) becomes abnormally thick (hypertrophied). The thickened heart muscle can make it harder for the heart to pump blood. Often, one part becomes thicker than other parts (asymmetric) causing blockage to the blood flow.
ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSIS:•Patient’s medical history
•Physical examination (early stage: tachycardia, extra heart sound)
• echocardiogram
•ECG
•chest x-ray
•Cardiac catheterization
•endomyocardial biopsy
GENERAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
RIGHT HEART:
• OUTFLOW TO THE LUNGS:SHORTNESS OF BREATH ( RR)
COUGH
• BACK UP OF THE BLOOD TO THE BODY EDEMA
LEFT HEART:
• OUTFLOW TO THE BODY:
ANGINA
• WEAKNESS / FATIGUE
• SYNCOPE / FAINTING
• BACK UP OF BLOOD TO THE LUNGS
PULMONARY EDEMA
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
DILATED CM:
• JUGULAR VENOUS PRESSURE – DISTENDED
VEINS
• S3 HEART SOUND
• CARDIOMEGALY - CXR
RESTRICTIVE CM:
• JVP
• S4 HEART SOUND
HYPERTROPHIC CM:
• S4 HEART SOUND
• MURMUR (SYSTOLIC EJECTION MURMUR) INCREASING WITH
VALSALVA
TREATMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY:AIMS TO:
1. SLOW PROGRESSION OF THE DAMAGE
2. IMPROVE HEART FUNCTION
3. REDUCE SYMPTOMS
4. TREAT ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
MANAGEMENT: BACK UP OF BLOOD
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY NA DIET (TO DECREASE FLUID
RETENTION)
DIURETICS
ACE INHIBITORS
LIMIT ORAL FLUID INTAKE
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY NA DIET (TO DECREASE FLUID
RETENTION)
DIURETICS
ACE INHIBITORS
LIMIT ORAL FLUID INTAKE
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
PUMPING FAILUREDILATED
CARDIOMYOPATHYBETA BLOCKERS / CALCIUM
CHANNEL BLOCKERS
DIGOXIN
PACEMAKERS
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
PACEMAKERS
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
BETA BLOCKERS / CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
SEPTAL REDUCTION
PACEMAKERS
DECREASED OUTFLOWDILATED
CARDIOMYOPATHYACE INHIBITORS
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
ACE INHIBITORS
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
•Septal Myectomy – is a surgical procedure performed to reduce the muscle thickening that occurs in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Septal myectomy is one treatment option for HCM when symptoms persist despite optimal treatment with medications, or if obstruction severely restricts blood ejection from the heart.
WHAT TESTS ARE NEEDED BEFORE THE SURGERY?•A detailed echocardiogram (echo) provides information about heart
function and septal wall thickness. Specialized echo tests may include exercise or the use of special drugs and may be needed to define the severity of obstruction and to assess the mitral valve.
• If you do not have an implantable defibrillator or pacemaker, an MRI may also be obtained to evaluate the mitral valve structure and function.
•A diagnostic cardiac catheterization should be performed. Routine blood tests, a chest X-ray and an electrocardiogram will also be performed.
POST SEPTAL MYECTOMY:• AT A HEART-HEALTHY DIET THAT INCLUDES FOLLOWING A 2,000 MG SODIUM (SALT) DIET
• RESTRICT FLUIDS TO 8 CUPS OR LESS PER DAY
• QUIT SMOKING AND USING TOBACCO
• TREAT HIGH CHOLESTEROL
• MANAGE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIABETES
• EXERCISE REGULARLY
• MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT
• WEIGH YOURSELF EVERY DAY AND MONITOR FOR SUDDEN WEIGHT GAIN OF MORE THAN 2 POUNDS IN A DAY OR 5 POUNDS IN A WEEK; CALL YOUR DOCTOR IF THIS OCCURS
• CONTROL STRESS AND ANGER
• PARTICIPATE IN A CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAM, AS RECOMMENDED
• FOLLOW UP WITH YOUR DOCTOR REGULARLY, AS SCHEDULED
“
”
THE MOST CHRONIC HEART DISEASE IS CAUSED BY HAVING GREEDINESS IN YOUR
HEART. GO FOR CHECK UPS REGULARLY AND LEARN HOW TO SWALLOW THOSE LUMPY PILLS OF GENEROSITY. BE KIND AND BE
HEALTHY.
THANK YOU!
Recommended