Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 sec. 3. carbon Organic compounds contain carbon

Carbon CompoundsChapter 2 sec. 3

carbon• Organic compounds contain

carbon

Macromolecules• Monomer• -simplest form

• Polymers• -repeating monomers

• Macromolecules• -made up of polymers

Molecules of life• 4 essential organic

compounds essential to life

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates• Composed of carbon,

hydrogen and oxygen• Used as main source of

energy

1. Monosaccharides2. Disaccharides3. Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides• “Simple sugar”

• Ratio of 1:2:1 (CH2O)

• Glucose C6H12O6

• Fructose = fruit• Galactose = milk

Disaccharides

• Double sugar = 2 monosaccharides• Sucrose = glucose + fructose

Polysaccharide• Composed of 3 or more

monosaccharides

• EX. Glycogen – many glucose molecules

• Cellulose and starch

Lipids• Large nonpolar organic

molecules that do not dissolve in water

• Large # carbon and hydrogen bonds

Fatty acids• Unbranched carbon chains

that make up most lipids

1. Triglycerides2. Phospholipids3. Waxes

Triglycerides• 3 fatty acids

and a alcohol glycerol

• Saturated (shortening and fats) (solids)

• Unsaturated (energy) (liquids)

Phospholipids• 2 fatty acids joined to glycerol• Cell membrane = lipid bilayer

Wax• Long fatty acid chain joined to

long alcohol chain• Waterproofing – plants and

animals

Nucleic Acids• Very large and complex • Store important info in cell

1)Nucleic acids2)Nucleotides3)DNA

Structure of DNA

• One Nucleotide consists of:

1. Phosphate group

2. Sugar (deoxyribose)

3. Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acids• DNA and RNA =

deoxyribonucleic acid • polymers of nucleotides

Proteins• Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and

nitrogen• Building blocks of proteins

Amino Acids

• 20 different types

1) Amino acid2) Dipeptide3) polypeptide

Dipeptides• 2 amino acids bonded together• Peptide bond = bond between

amino acids

Polypeptide• Long chains of amino acids

Enzymes• Catalyst in reactions• Enzymes are proteins

Ex. Digestive enzymes

Enzymes and Proteins• Fit “lock and key” to substrate

to produce product• (very specific for what they

bond too)