CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT for the CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM for CAMBODIA (CD4CDM-CAM)

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMMECHANISM

&&FORESTRYFORESTRY

OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAMBODIAN FORESTERS AND CONSERVATIONISTS

by Thanakvaro T. De Lopez

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT for theCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM for CAMBODIA (CD4CDM-CAM)

National Workshop on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism

26-27 March 2003Phnom Penh, Cambodia

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OUTLINE Part I – Climate Change and Forestry

Part II – International Examples of Carbon Sequestration Projects in the Forestry Sector

Part III – Opportunities for CDM Projects in the Cambodian Forestry Sector

PART ICLIMATE CHANGE AND

FORESTRY

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Forests and Climate Change Some 25% of annual global

emissions of CO2 result from deforestation

Carbon Sequestration: The growth of vegetation and forests removes CO2 from the atmosphere.

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Forests and CO2 Flows

PhotosynthesisCO2 Removal

CO2 Release

RespirationDecompositio

nCombustion

Atmospheric CO2

Carbon Stock

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Forests and Climate Change Mitigation Forests are carbon sinks and

reservoirs

Conservation of existing forests

Increase of forest cover

Increase of carbon stored in forests

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM General eligibility rule: conversion

of non-forest land to forest land

Definition of “Forest”: minimum land area of 0.05-1.0 ha; crown cover of at least 10-30%; trees with potential to reach minimum height of 2-5 meters.

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM Real measurable emission reductions

certified by independent agency

Conformity with national sustainable development strategy

Contribution to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM Afforestation: conversion into

forest of non-forest land

Reforestation: planting of trees on degraded forest land or former forest land

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM Afforestation: limited to land that

has not been a forest for at least 50 years

Reforestation: limited to land that has not been a forest since 31 December 1989

PART II

International Examples of Carbon Sequestration Projects in the Forestry

Sector

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Infapro, Malaysia Location: 25,000 ha logged

dipterocarp forest in Eastern Sabah

Parties: (1) Face Foundation (Forests Absorbing Carbon dioxide Emissions); (2) Innoprise Corporation, Malaysian governmental forestry organisation

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Infapro, Malaysia Activities: rainforest rehabilitation

with enrichment planting using 35 indigenous tree species

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Infapro, Malaysia Investment: US $15 million

Duration : plantation over 25 years with 60 year growth cycle (started in 1992)

Sequestration: 15.6 million tons of CO2

Average cost: US$ 0.95 per ton of CO2

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Plan Vivo, Mexico Location: Chiapas, Southern Mexico

Parties: (1) FIA, Formula One Foundation; (2) Ambio, cooperative of Foresters; (3) local community groups and small farmers associations

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Plan Vivo Objectives

To sequester carbon with sustainable forestry

To Generate benefits for local livelihoods

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Plan Vivo Activities: plantations, agroforestry, communal reforestation

Carbon Sequestered tC/ha

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Plan Vivo, Mexico Investment: US $15 million

Sequestration: 5000 to 13000 tons of CO2 per year

Average price: US$ 3.6 per ton of CO2

PART IIIOpportunities for CDM

Projects in the Cambodian Forestry Sector

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OPPORTUNITIES IN CAMBODIAN FORESTRY On-going tree planting

programmes: forest plantation, National Arbor Day and Community Forestry

Potential land for carbon sequestration: disturbed forest areas (estimated at some 1.5 million ha by MoE) and non-forest areas

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE Location: Heavily deforested south-central

provinces (e.g. Kompong Cham, Kandal)

Activities: community forestry and agroforestry;10,000 ha reforested

Sequestration: 1 million tons CO2 over 10 years

Revenues from CDM: US $3 million at US $3 per ton CO2

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What needs to be done to take advantage of CDM opportunities Capacity building / human resources

development Research in Cambodian forest

ecosystems Set up procedures and guidelines for

CDM forestry projects Actively develop CDM projects Actively seek out CDM partners

CONCLUSIONS

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CONCLUSIONS CDM may provide financing for

afforestation & reforestation activities in Camdodia

Large potential for CDM implementation in the Cambodian forestry sector

Stakeholders (government, NGOs, private companies) ought to actively pursue efforts to take advantage of CDM opportunities