C l a s s i f i c a t i o n

ClassificationModified By Ms. Hundley

• The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy

• The “father of modern taxonomy” was Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)

• Organisms are grouped into “taxa” based on their similarities to each other

1707-1778

Old System

• 5 Kingdom Classification System:– Monera: all prokaryotes– Protista: single-celled

eukaryotes (protists)– Fungi: multi-cellular

heterotrophic sessile eukaryotes

– Plantae: multi-cellular autotrophic sessile eukaryotes

– Animalia: multi-cellular heterotrophic motile eukaryotes

6 Kingdom Proposal

Archebacteria

Eubacteria

New Classification

• Organisms are grouped into smaller and smaller groups all the way down to their species

• A species is the most specific grouping and includes only organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring

Ursus americanus

American Black Bear

Often Latin names contain clues about the type of

organism being described.

Canis domesticus

And closely related organisms are often in the same genus, also giving clues about their

names

Canis lupus

Some names are given after the discoverer, or the

discovery location, or even a Latinized descriptive term in

English

Domain Archaea

Domain Eubacteria

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

Amoeba Paramecium Giardia

Water Mold Slime Mold

Euglena DinoflagellatesDiatomBrown AlgaeGreen Algae

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

Bryophyte (Moss)

Pteridophyte(Fern)

Pteridophyte(Fern)

Coniferophytes (Pine Trees) Angiosperm;

DicotAngiosperm;

Monocot

Human Classification

Human Classification

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates

Family: Hominidae

Genus: Homo

Species: Sapien

Dichotomous Keys

1a. Organism has 4 legs Go to # 2

1b. Organism has more than 4 legs Go to # 20

2a. Organism has a tail Go to # 3

2b. Organism has no tail Go to # 35

3a. Organism has stripes Bengal Tiger

3b. Organism has no stripes African Lion

Dichotomous Key• Try this one:

1a. Organism walks on all 4 legs (quadruped) 2

1b. Organism walks on 2 legs (biped) 8

2a. Organism has visible fur 3

2b. Organism has no visible fur 20

3a. Organism lives in warm climates 7

3b. Organism lives in cold climates 4

4a. Organism has brown or black fur Ursus americanus

4b. Organism has white fur Ursus maritimus