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Pre-Columbian Wind Instruments
• Aztecs• Maya• Incas• Then mixed with Spanish and black
slaves• <8:03> indigenous instruments– conch shells, ocarinas, whistles, slit
drums and reed, clay and animal bone flutes, etc.
– pentatonic scales
Quena
• notched edge• straight flute of the Andes• some of the oldest Quenas in the
Andes, found in tombs in Peru, date to before 3,000 B.C.E.
• now made primarily of bamboo– originally made of clay, stone and bone
• medium-sized quena tuned to E minor or G Major
• often pentatonicquena
Zampona• panpipe
• bamboo tubes, open at one end
• blowing on the open end at a 45 degree angle produces sound
• traditionally made from Andean bamboo called Canahueca
• three sizes, all in E minor
zampona
Charango (Peru)
• ten-string guitar-like instrument traditionally made from the shell of an armadillo
• shimmering sound similar to the mandolin, ukulele or the guitar, but more dynamic
El Condor Pasa• <ewm6:14> a modern
Bolivian folk song– 2 quenas– Panpipe– Charango– drums condor
quena
zampona(panpipes)
Panpipes • Can make tubes from:– Bamboo– Cardboard– Plastic– Glass and plastic bottles
tuned with water
Transverse Flutes • Can make tube from– Bamboo– Plastic–Wood
Di / Dizi• Bamboo cross flute• Wrinkled membrane over one
hole produces bright timbre• Spring in the Pamirs,Tajik folk
song from Western China
Xiao• End-blown notched bamboo flute
with five frontal finger holes
• Zhuang Tai Qiu Si(Autumn Reflection at Dressing Table)– ancient Chinese piece
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