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Bullying
Dr. Amy Milsomamilsom@clemson.edu
Jennifer Berryjenberry33@gmail.com
"A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself” (Olweus)
What is bullying?
Bullying is:
• Intentional
• Takes place more than once
• Involves an imbalance of power between bully and victim
Types of Bullying
Gender Differences
Forms of electronic bullying:• Text messages• Emails• Facebook
posts/statuses/messages• Gaming (“griefing”)• Online videos
Electronic bullying can involve:• Sending mean, vulgar, or
threatening messages• Posting private, sensitive
information• Intentionally excluding
someone from an online group• Pretending to be someone else • Spreading lies and rumors• Tricking someone into
revealing personal information
Electronic Bullying
1/3 of students report being bullying victims (Crime Indicators of School Safety, 2009)
33% of students report being a victim of cyber bullying (www.cyberbullying.us)
55% of 8-12 year olds and 68% of 12-15 year olds say bullying is a big problem in their schools (Kaiser Family Foundation)
1 out of every 10 students who drop out of school do so because of bullying (Oklahoma Health Dept, 2001)
8 in 10 students (both males and females) report that they have experienced some type of sexual harassment (AAUW, 2001)
30% of gay youth were threatened or injured due to their sexual orientation in 2001 (National Mental Health Association)
80% of students with disabilities report being bullied (U.S. Dept. of Ed)
Statistics
Bullying can mistakenly be excusedbecause it can be seen as a part of growing up
“I went through it and survived, it’s no big deal”“Boys will be boys”“Girls are just mean at that age”“Drama is just part of middle
school” Bullying is just another form of conflict The victim is at fault and/or brings the bullying upon self
Attitudes/Misperceptions
Bully Victimization Participants
• Low threshold for frustration• Aggressive not only to peers but to
teachers and family as well• Positive attitudes toward
aggression• Easily provoked• Can be both a bully and a victim
depending on the circumstance• Values power and rewards received
from bullying• Mistakenly believed to have poor
self-esteem – Often bullies will have just as high or higher self-esteem than non-bullies
• May have poor role models at home
• Possible victim of abuse or neglect
Bully
• Can be both supporters or defenders
• Afraid to speak up, face rejection by peers, or be next target of bully
• Can be a strong force in neutralizing power of bully
Bystander
Passive/Submissive Victim• Majority of bullying victims• Insecure• Socially-isolated• Lonely• Physically weaker• Poor social skills
Provocative Victim• More likely to alienate
teachers and peers• Usually bullied by large group
(ex; class)• Exhibit hyperactive and
impulsive behaviors• Many are diagnosed with
ADHD
Victims
BullyDelinquency Increased
chance for incarceration
Drug and alcohol abuse
TruancyDropoutWeapons
possession
Potential Effects of Bullying
VictimAnxietyLonelinessLow self-esteemDepressionPhysical
manifestations of stress
Social withdrawalAlcohol and drug
abuseDeath (including
suicide)Poor academic
performanceTruancy/Dropout
BystanderFear Anxiety
• Change in mood or behavior• Appears depressed, sad, or
angry• Safety concerns• Academic concerns• Deficits in peer relationships• Alcohol or drug use• Lost or damaged belongings• Frequent injuries or damages
to clothing• Excessive clinginess
• Spending time with younger students
• Avoiding recess• Arriving late or right before
bell rings• Appears to be alone most of
time• Frequent absences or
requests to see nurse• Lack of focus/concentration• Not eating lunch
Warning Signs a child is being bullied
By the South Carolina Safe Schools Climate Act, schools must address bullying. This law mandates that all schools adopt a policy prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying at school.
In addition, this Act states that any “school employee, students, or volunteer who witnesses, or has reliable information that a student has been subject to harassment, intimidation, or bullying shall report the incident to the appropriate school official.”
What can schools do?
Research supports school-wide, comprehensive prevention programs as the most effective means of reducing bullying behaviors.
Examples of effective school-wide prevention programs:
Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: http://www.olweus.org/public/index.page
Bully Busters : http://www.researchpress.com/product/item/6517/
Bully Proofing Your School: http://www.creatingcaringcommunities.org/
Bully Safe USA: http://www.bullysafeusa.com
Operation Respect: http://www.operationrespect.org
Steps to Respect: http://www.cfchildren.org/programs/str/overview/
Bullying Prevention Programs
Research shows that teachers are one of the most important components of bullying prevention
Schools that reduce bullying, regardless if there is a comprehensive prevention program have teachers that are committed to ending bullying behavior, recognize the signs and symptoms of bullying, and know how to safeguard students against it.
Role of teachers
• Know and follow school policy• Report bullying incidents to administrators• Post and discuss classroom rules (including guidelines
about bullying) • Implement immediate consequences for bullying
behavior• Reward inclusive behavior
• Closely supervise areas where bullying is likely to occur (hallways, bathrooms, etc.)
What teachers can do
• Incorporate anti-bullying themes into instruction• Bully Box for anonymously reporting bully behavior• Keep a log of bullying incidents• Make clear to students that reporting bullying and
tattling are two different things• Work collaboratively with the school counselor• Be a role model – This includes never using sarcasm,
intimidation, or embarrassment as a classroom management strategy
What teachers can do, continued
• Stop behavior immediately• Investigate to determine appropriate response
• Bully• Rather than accusing the bully of bullying behavior ask these questions:
• What did you do? What was inappropriate about that? What is the rule the covers this behavior? Who did you hurt? What were you trying to accomplish? The next time that is your goal how will you accomplish this without hurting another student? What are you going to do for the person you hurt?
• Bystanders• Offer guidance on how to appropriately respond, intervene, and get help
in the future• Victim
• Support in a way that does not embarrass them, allows them to keep dignity, and makes them feel safe from retaliation
If you see a student being bullied:
DO:• Follow school policy• Tell them to not resort to violence• Teach strategies for anger management• Instruct them to tell an adult and talk about it• Teach them to be assertive, not aggressive• Convey the importance of safety first• Notify parents• Refer to school counselor where appropriate
Best Practices to help a victim
Do Not:• Confuse bullying with conflict • Use peer mediation
• Can empower bully and make victim feel worse• Research does not suggest this is an effective
intervention• Instruct bully, victim, or bystander to do something
that involves skills they don’t posses• Ex; Suggesting a bystander sticks up for others
when they do not know how to---Instead teach them how to
Best Practices, Continued
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