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Bullying and Self-injuryWhat have we found so far?
Emma Brown and the Youth Wellbeing Study
How common is bullying?
Haven't been bullied Not in last 2 months Once or twice About once a week Several times a week Most days0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Percentage of people who have experienced bullying in school in the last 12 months
Bullying frequency
Perc
enta
ge
Occasional Victim (27%)
Frequent Victim (12%)
Nonvictim (61%)
How common is bullying?
Haven't been bullied Not in last 2 months Once or twice About once a week Several times a week Most days0
10
20
30
40
50
Sex differences in experiences of bullying in school in the last 12 months
MaleFemale
Bullying frequency
Perc
enta
ge
What types of bullying?
Physical Relational Verbal Cyber0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Percentage of people who have experienced different forms of bullying behaviour at school in the last 12 months
Forms of bullying
Perc
enta
ge
What types of bullying?
Physical Relational Verbal Cyber 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sex differences in experiences of different forms of bullying at school in the last 12 months
MaleFemale
Forms of bullying
Perc
enta
ge
How bad is the bullying?
Not bad A little bad Pretty bad Really bad Terrible0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Severity of bullying experiences at school in the last 12 months
Severity
Perc
enta
ge
Why were they bullied?
Ethnic group or culture
Religion Size or body shape
Because I'm gay/people
thought I was gay
Smaller than others
Work hard in school
Another reason Don't know-5
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
Perceived reasons for being bullied
Reasons
Perc
enta
ge
Why were they bullied?
Religion Because I'm gay/people
thought I was gay
Smaller than others
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Sex differences in perceived reasons for bullyingMaleFemale
Perceived reasons
Perc
enta
ge
Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes
SERIOUS VICTIMS6% High victimization, low perpetra-tion
LOW-MODERATE VICTIMS23%Low/moderate victimization, low perpetration
BULLIES ONLY 19%Low/moderate perpetrationNEITHER41%Low victimization,
Low perpetration
MODERATE BULLY-VICTIMS11%Moderate victimization, moderate perpetration
Bullying groups based on frequency of victimisation and bullying others
Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes
Serious vic-tims
Low-moderate victims
Bullies only Neither Moderate Bully-Victims
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Self-injury and bullying groups
Bullying groups
DSHI
scor
e
Serious Victims Low-moderate victims Bullies only Neither Moderate bully-victims0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Suicidal ideation and bullying groups
Bullying groupSB
Q sc
ore
Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes
Serious v
ictims
Low-M
oderate Victims
Bullies o
nly
Neither
Moderate Bully-vi
ctims
-1.66533453693773E-16
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Depression and Bullying groups
Bullying groups
DASS
Dep
ress
ion
Serious victims Low-Moderate victims Bullies only Neither Moderate Bully-victims 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Anxiety and Bullying groups
Bullying groupsDA
SS A
nxie
ty
Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes
Serious V
ictims
Low-M
oderate victi
ms
Bullies o
nly
Neither
Moderate Bully-V
ictims
3.13.3
3.5
3.73.9
Emotion regulation and bullying groups
Bullying groups
ERIC
A sc
ore
Serious v
ictims
Low-M
oderate victi
ms
Bullies o
nly
Neither
Moderate Bully-vi
ctims
3.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.9
Resiliency and bullying groups
Bullying groups
Resil
ienc
e
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9 Attachment to peers and Bullying groups
Bullying groups
IPPA
Pee
rs
Serious v
ictims
Low-M
oderate victi
ms
Bullies o
nly
Neither
Moderate Bully-vi
ctims
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
Self-esteem and bullying groups
Bullying groupsRS
E sc
ore
Bullying and School
• Serious victims • School less important • Disliked school • Did not feel like a part of their school • Felt less safe at school• More likely to ignore bullying of other students• Felt that other students ignored bullying• Felt that teachers did not take action against bullying
Successful Bullying Program Characteristics
Social-ecological perspective model of bullying prevention programs. Hazler, R.J & Carney, J.V. In Handbook of School Violence & School Safety – International Research & Practice (2nd ed). Edited by Mayer, M.J & Furlong, M.J.
Experiential Avoidance Model (EAM)
The Experiential Avoidance Model. Reproduced from ‚ Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model,‛ by A.L. Chapman et al., 2006, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, p. 373.
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