Building on a Tradition of Excellence Chapter 2. I. Learning from the past A.Child care practices...
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- Building on a Tradition of Excellence Chapter 2
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- I. Learning from the past A.Child care practices from the past
are linked to the present. B. This matters because it affects how
children are treated and educated.
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- C. Children have be viewed as: 1. miniature adults 2. born in
sin 3. blank slates 4. innocent 5. Economically valuable 6.
Competent 7. Citizens with rights Write 3 that surprised you.
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- D.These views can have negative and positive consequences for
childrens lives. Examples: Come up with your own example of a
negative and/or a positive consequence for one of these. Children
are miniature adults. Negative: elementary school girls wearing
clothing that is too adult, too sexy, too soon. Children are born
in sin. Negative: *Misbehavior was a sin to be punished harshly.
*Today adults may believe that young children deliberately
misbehave and should be punished
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- II. People who have influenced early childhood education A.
John Locke: English philosopher in 1600s. * Children not born with
predetermined sinful nature. *Born a blank slate *slate filled by
environment Draw something to help you remember John Locke
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- B. Jean-jacques Rousseau French philospher during 1700s *
children born good rather than evil *have inherit abilities to
build on *first to believe that children go through developmental
stages Draw something to help you remember Rousseau
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- C. John Comenius minister during 1600s *teaching should not be
punitive *children should learn in own language not Latin *wrote
first published childrens picture book Draw something to help you
remember Comenius.
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- D. Johann Pestalozzi Swiss educator in 1700- 1800s *teachers of
children should study child development *Whole child point of
view-their hand, heart, and head (all areas of development) Draw
something to help you remember Pestalozzi
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- E. Friedrich Froebel 1700-1800s, father of kindergarten, major
impact on education in US. *Children had learning stages *
emphasized free play *Gifts- concrete materials for children to
explore and manipulate Draw something that helps you remember
Froebel
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- F. Maria Montessori 1800-1900s, Italian physician, worked with
poor children in slums of Rome *Children develop naturally in
organized environment *Do not need external rewards/encouragement
*major contributions: developed learning materials, impacted
organization of early childhood environments Draw something to help
you remember Montessori
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- G. John Dewey 1800-1900s, philosophy professor *focus on child
centered curriculum *learning based on what teachers know about
children *Choose right curriculum to further childrens education
Draw something to help you remember Dewey
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- III. Other Influences on Early Childhood Education A. The
competent child: 1. In the US, scientific study of children and how
they learn began in the 1900s. 2. This lead to the concept of the
competent child. 3. Children were viewed as active players in their
own development and learning.
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- B.The Nursery School Movement 1. Colleges established lab
schools to study child development 2. Lead to field of early
childhood education 3. Nursery Schools became todays preschools
Write one fact that is interesting to you
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- 3. Patty Hill, early pioneer in the field, believed in learning
for 4-6 year olds and their parents 4. Caroline Pratt, early
pioneer in the field, believed educational experiences for poor
children could help transform society.
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- 5. Lucy Sprague Mitchell- early pioneer, focused on scientific
measurement of stages of development, founded Bank Street
College
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- 6. Progressive Education Movement: Effort to reform schooling
for the first 3 grades and make it more democratic. DAP has its
roots in this movement.
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- 7. Bank Street Approach- emphasized Developmentally Appropriate
Practices and experiences with the environment and people as the
best way for children to learn. DAP is going to be your new
favorite word. We are going to talk about it a lot!!!!!
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- C. Kindergarten Movement in the United States 1.Margarethe
Schurtz founded first US kindergarten, it was German speaking
2.Elizabeth Peabody founded first English speaking kindergarten
3.Susan Blow expanded the US kindergarten movement
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- D.The Child Care Movement 1. Grew out of two things: *welfare
efforts for poor families during the depression (WPA nurseries)
*support for working parents(Lanham Act) during WWII. Write 1
interesting fact
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- E. Head Start 1. Started by President Johnson in the 1960s as
part of his war on poverty. 2. Promotes parent and child
involvement 3. Has a Bank Street educational program Curriculum
based on individual childs development DAP
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- F. Other Cultures: not all cultures view early childhood
education the same way. *The African Culture promotes childhood
training as valuable for the childs family and community not just
for the child alone.