View
17
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
Kathmandu, Nepal
Building Back Better Brick Kilns
in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Bidya Banmali Pradhan
Atmospheric Environment Specialist
Brick Production
Global production ~ 1500 Billion
bricks/Year
Vietnam2%
Rest of the world11%
South Asia20%
China67%
India78%
Pakistan15%
Bangladesh5%
Nepal2%
South Asia production ~ 310 Billion bricks/Year
Largest stationary sources of BC emissions internationally include brick kilns, coke
ovens, and industrial boiler, accounting for 20% of total worldwide black carbon (BC)
emissions
• India ~ 100,000
• Pakistan ~11,000
• Bangladesh ~ 6338
• Nepal ~ 800
Also damaged :
~350 brick kilns in
Nepal, including 105
kilns within the
Kathmandu Valley
289,000 houses-
destroyed
255,000 houses damaged
~25,000 public buildings
destroyed or damaged
Nepal Earthquake, 25 April 2015
Crisis into Opportunity
• Seismic consideration
• Improved energy efficiency
• Lower emissions
• Worker-friendly
Multi-sector Policy Meeting
Preparation of kiln rebuilding
manual
• Output of four months of intensive work
• A technical committee comprising of experts and entrepreneurs from Nepal and India
• Detailed assessment of damaged kilns
• Design incorporates both practical experiences and scientific analysis
• Consultation and feedback from broad range of stakeholders includingTERI, Punjab State Council, CPCB
Manual Launch
First of its kind in South Asia
Tunnel KilnHybrid Hoffman Kiln
Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln
Bulls Trench KilnClamp Kiln
Fixed Chimney BTKMoving Chimney BTK
Fixed Chimney zig-zag BTK
Fixed Chimney Bull Trench Kiln
Preheating zone
Firing zone
Cooling zone
ModificationHeat loss - 4.7 to1.6%,
structurally safe
Seismic safe,
VFD fan for better control
Fast construction
Ground heat loss minimum
Straight Line and Zig-zag Firing
FCBTK Zigzag kiln
FCBTK Zigzag kiln
200-400gm1-1.5Kg
Time for firing process
FCBTK: 14-20 days
Zig-Zag: 6-12 days
Preliminary Measurement Result
Name Kiln Type PM 2.5
(mg/m3)
Tri- Mahesh
(TM)
Natural
draft
straight
line
Non-
feeding
51
Feeding 557
Jai Ambe Natural draft zig-zag 53
Swet Bhairab Forced draft zig-zag 169
RK Forced draft zig-zag 127
Mountain Air Engineering
Build Back Better
• Structurally safe and earthquake-resistant
• Energy efficient ~ 20-30% compare to ND straight line
• Lower emitting ~ 20-40% reduction in emissions
• Better quality bricks ~ 90% A class bricks, breakage below 5%
• Less coal
Win-Win
Cleaner
Brick Kilns
Thank you !!!
Short film on kiln reconstruction
Recommended