BSS Hardware

PLANNING AND ENGINEERING PLANNING AND ENGINEERING NETWORK SERVICES DIVISIONNETWORK SERVICES DIVISION

BSS HARDWAREBSS HARDWAREBSS HARDWARE

1.1. To familiarize with various network elements on BSS side ( from To familiarize with various network elements on BSS side ( from Mobile Station to Base Station Controller).Mobile Station to Base Station Controller).

2.2. To know the functions of each BSS network elements.To know the functions of each BSS network elements.

3.3. To have an overview of antenna system setup for BTS and To have an overview of antenna system setup for BTS and repeaters.repeaters.

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

BSS ElementsBSS Elements

1.1. Mobile Mobile SattionSattion

2.2. BTS ( Base BTS ( Base TranceiverTranceiver Station)Station)

-- Antenna system componentsAntenna system components

-- BTS setupBTS setup

-- Different types of BTSDifferent types of BTS

3.3. RepeatersRepeaters

-- Types and functionsTypes and functions

4.4. TCSM (TCSM (TranscoderTranscoder submultiplexersubmultiplexer))

-- hardware description, components & capacityhardware description, components & capacity

5.5. BSC (Base Station Controller)BSC (Base Station Controller)

-- hardware description, components & capacityhardware description, components & capacity

BSS Hardware outlineBSS Hardware outlineBSS Hardware outline

MobileStation

Air Interface

BaseTransceiver

StationA-bis

Interface

A Interface

Mobile Switching Center

Base StationController

Home LocationRegister

Gateway MSCVisitor

LocationRegister

NetworkManagement

Subsystem

Base Station SubsystemNetwork Switching

Subsystem

ShortMessageService Center

GSM NetworkGSM NetworkGSM Network

Repeaters

Air Interface

Mobile StationMobile StationMobile Station

• What is a mobile station?– A device able to access services in a GSM network

via the Air interface.

+ =

MobileEquipment

SubscriberIdentityModule Mobile

StationGSM

Network

AirInterface

MOBILE EQUIPMENTSMOBILE EQUIPMENTSMOBILE EQUIPMENTS

• 2G

• 2.5G

• 3G

Antenna and Cable setup for BTS with MHA - OUTDOOR

N O K IA

Antenna Port 7/16” (F)

Cable

Connector 7/16” (M)

Cable Clamp

Grounding Kit

Grounding Rod

Buss Bar

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)

EMP Protector7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)

Connector 7/16” (M)

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)

Mast Head Amplifier

7/16” (M)(out)

7/16” (F)(in)

Current Injector for MHA7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F) Power supply

for MHA

Note:

All BTS port (Ultrasite, Intratalk, Flexitalk & Citytalk) : 7/16” Female

All feeder connectors: 7/16” male

All jumper cables: ½” diameter with 7/16” Male - 7/16” Female connectors, 1.5 meter in length

BASE TRANCEIVER STATION SET-UPBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SET--UPUP

Distributed Antenna System Set-up - INDOOR

NOKIA

Cou

pler

Cou

pler

Cou

pler

Spl

itter

Cou

pler

Cou

pler

Panel Antenna Port N (F)

Feeder

Radiating cable

Angle AdapterN (M) – N (M)

Power TerminatorN (F)

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m) N (M) – N (F)

Omni Antenna Port N ( F)

Level 1

Level 2

Ground floor

Insite

SMA (F)

½” Jumper Cable (1.5m)

SMA (M) – N (F)

Feeder connectorN (M)

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16”(M) – N (F)

Straight AdapterN (M) – N (M)

N (M)

N (M)N (F)

N (M)

N (M)N (M)

N (F)N (M)

N (F)

N (F)

N (F)

N (M)

N (F)

N (M)

N (M)

N (F)N (M)

N (M)

7/16” (M)

N (F)

N (M)

N (F)

N (M)

N (F)

N (M)

N (F)

Angle AdapterN (M) – N (F)

N O K I A

Metrosite

N (F)

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)Right angle N(M) to N (F)

Note:

All antenna, splitter & coupler ports: N Female

All feeder connectors: N male

BASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUPBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUPBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUP

Couplers

Splitters

DETAILED COMPONENTS OF BTS ANTENNA SYSTEM

ANTENNAANTENNAANTENNA

yagi

radiation pattern

Outdoor panel

Indoor omni

Indoor panel

MAST HEAD AMPLIFIERSMAST HEAD AMPLIFIERSMAST HEAD AMPLIFIERS• a.k.a TMA – tower mount amplifiers• A Low noise receiver amplifier used to improve the up-link sensitivity of the BTS.

Jumper

-

Antenna

TMA

Mainfeeder

DC supply

PDU

Building,shelter orcontainer

Outdoor

CIN

Advantages of TMA•Extended network coverage

•Remove up-link limitation•Improved Network Quality

•Fewer dropped calls•Higher call throughput•Satisfied subscribers

•Reduces MS output power•Longer battery life and less interference.

•Reduced infrastructure cost•Fewer sites

JUMPER CABLESJUMPER CABLESJUMPER CABLES

Jumper cables are flexible cables used to connect the feeder to the equipment without causing excessive strain on the equipment connector.

Cables - a transmission line where energy can pass through without considerable decrease on the energy

Cable Types - ½”, 7/8” and 1 & 5/8”cable

CABLES

Leaky Cables - a cable which has a leak where energy escapes out continuously

CABLES cont…..

Connectors

Connectors - device that joins two or more circuit

CONNECTORS

Clamps are used to fasten the feeder on the support structures. They fit for a variety of profiles and facilitate secure fastening without risk of damaging the cable.

CABLE CLAMPS

Grounding kits are used to ground the outer conductor of the feeder in order to protect the equipment from lightning strikes or any voltage peaks induced on the antennaline.

GROUNDING KITS

EMP is used to protect the equipment against lightning strikes or high voltages coming down the center conductor of the antennaline.

EMP / SURGE PROTECTOR

BUSS BAR

Buss Bar is made up of copper (good conductor of electricity) where grounding kits & EMP are connected before linking it to ground.

Directional Coupler - a device that couples a secondary system only to a wave traveling in a particular direction while completely ignoring the wave traveling into the opposite direction

COUPLERS

Directional Coupler Types – 6 , 10, 15 & 20 dB

6 dB 10 dB

15 dB 20 dB

COUPLERS cont….

Splitter/Divider - a device that has the capability to distribute one input signal to two or more output without introducing distortion to the signal.

SPLITTER

Splitter Types – 2 , 3, & 4 way

2 way

3 way

4 way

SPLITTER cont….

DETAILED COMPONENTS OF BTS HARDWARE

BTS General OverviewBTS General OverviewBTS General Overview

BTS Applications:BTS Applications:

•• Macro Macro –– ranges from 10 ranges from 10 –– 12 km12 km

•• Micro Micro –– ranges from 1 ranges from 1 –– 2 km2 km

•• Pico Pico –– indoor applicationindoor application

BTS Frequency Bands:BTS Frequency Bands:

•• 1800 MHz1800 MHz

•• 900 MHz900 MHz

•• maintain synchronisation to MSmaintain synchronisation to MS

•• RF signal processing ( combining, RF signal processing ( combining, filtering, couplingfiltering, coupling……))

•• diversity receptiondiversity reception

•• radio interface timingradio interface timing

•• detect access attempts of mobilesdetect access attempts of mobiles

•• dede--/ encryption on radio path/ encryption on radio path

•• channel dechannel de--/ coding & interleaving on / coding & interleaving on radio pathradio path

•• perform frequency hoppingperform frequency hopping

•• forward measurement data to BSCforward measurement data to BSC

Tasks of the BTSTasks of the BTSTasks of the BTS

•• Transmitter and receiver unitTransmitter and receiver unit

•• Frequency Hopping unitFrequency Hopping unit

•• RF combiners and filtersRF combiners and filters

•• Signal processing units, channel coding, Signal processing units, channel coding, demodulationdemodulation……

•• Alarm collecting units, clocks and timingAlarm collecting units, clocks and timing

•• OMU : remote operation and maintenanceOMU : remote operation and maintenance

•• transmission interfaces towards Atransmission interfaces towards A’’bis interfacebis interface

•• Power supply, heat exchangersPower supply, heat exchangers……

Main entities of a BTSMain entities of a BTSMain entities of a BTS

BTS FamilyBTS FamilyBTS Family

Talk FamilyTalk Family Site FamilySite Family

CitytalkCitytalk

Outdoor BTSOutdoor BTS

20 Watts20 Watts

6 TRX / cab6 TRX / cab

IntratalkIntratalk

Indoor BTSIndoor BTS

20 Watts20 Watts

6 TRX / cab6 TRX / cab

UltraSiteUltraSite

Indoor BTSIndoor BTS

20 Watts20 Watts

12 TRX / cab12 TRX / cab

MetroSiteMetroSite

Indoor/Outdoor BTSIndoor/Outdoor BTS

5 Watts5 Watts

4 TRX / cab4 TRX / cab

InSiteInSite

Indoor BTSIndoor BTS

160 mWatts160 mWatts

1 TRX1 TRX

FlexitalkFlexitalk

Indoor/Outdoor BTSIndoor/Outdoor BTS

20 Watts20 Watts

2 TRX / cab2 TRX / cab

BTS ElementsBTS ElementsBTS Elements

CitytalkCitytalk

IntratalkIntratalk

FlexitalkFlexitalk

REPEATERS

Repeater - an amplifier that processes weak signals and retransmits stronger signal without reshaping their waveform

REPEATERSREPEATERSREPEATERS

f1…fn

f1…fn

f1…fn

Overlap Coverage

Repeater Systems

BTS 900 onlyCoverage area

Band Selective (BSR)- Uses the band required only by the operator. Amplifies and retransmits signal/s from the donor using the same frequency/ies. Macro & Micro application.

Channel Selective (CSR)- Amplifies and retransmits only the channel or channels selected by the operator. Macro Application.

Frequency Translating/Shifting (FSR) -Amplifies and retransmits signal from the donor using a different frequency. More complex since it needs equipment both at the donor and mobile facing sites. Macro Application.

Repeater TypesRepeater TypesRepeater Types

Repeater Set-up –CSR and/or BSRRepeater SetRepeater Set--up up ––CSR and/or BSRCSR and/or BSR

Antenna Port 7/16” (F)

Feeder

Power splitter port

Grounding Kit

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16” (M) - 7/16” (F)

EMP Protector7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)

Repeater port7/16” (F)

½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16” (M) - 7/16” (F)

Antenna Port 7/16” (F)

Feeder connector7/16” (M)

Buss Bar

7/16” (F)7/16” (M) 7/16” (M)

HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?

MOBILE

DONOR SITE

MOBILE

REMOTE SITE

BTSDonor Equipment

Remote Equipment

Link Antenna

F1

900MHz

coupler

F1’

850MHz

F1

900MHzF1

900MHz

WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?

UTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELLUTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELLUTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELL

Highly Utilized Cell

(Wide Coverage)

Lowly Utilized Cell

(Highway Coverage)

ECHO Site

SEAMLESS COVERAGESEAMLESS COVERAGESEAMLESS COVERAGE

ECHO Site