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ISBN 978-1-907141-52-2
A Bryophyte Red Data List for W
alesRhestr D
ata Coch Bryoffytauar gyfer Cymru
Rhestr Data CochBryoffytauar gyferCymru
Sam Bosanquet Countryside Council for Wales &British Bryological SocietyTrevor DinesPlantlife Cymru
ABryophyteRed Data List
for
Wales
1
A Bryophyte Red Data List
for Wales
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer
Cymru
Sam Bosanquet Countryside Council for Wales & BritishBryological Society
Trevor Dines Plantlife Cymru
Cite as: Bosanquet, S. and Dines, T. (2011), A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales, Plantlife, Salisbury.
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
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A Bryophyte Red Data List
for WalesFollowing the publication of A Vascular Plant Red Data Listfor Wales (Dines, 2008), Plant Link Cymru is promoting theproduction of similar Red Data Lists for other groups ofplants in Wales where possible, especially where this willimprove our knowledge of the threats facing these speciesand the availability of data.
This report is the first to assign threat categories to Welshmosses, liverworts and hornworts (bryophytes), and the first touse IUCN categories at a regional scale for this taxon group inGreat Britain. Wales has a particularly rich bryophyte flora, with agreater proportion of Britain’s species occurring within itsborders than is the case for vascular plants, and a far greaternumber reaching the limits of their range within the country.Some bryophytes have been found to be more threatened inWales than in Britain as a whole, whilst others appear to beholding their own more effectively in Wales than in England orScotland. Wales has a responsibility to protect and conserve all ofthese threatened species, and the list of bryophytes that appearon the next revision of Section 42 of the Natural Environmentaland Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species of principal importance in Wales) should be informed by thefindings of this study.
This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru with thesupport of the Countryside Council for Wales and the BritishBryological Society.
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Contents1 Introduction 6
2 Implementation of this Red Data List 7
3 Coverage 83.1 Taxonomic coverage 83.2 Alien status 83.3 Geographic coverage 9
4 Data sources 10
5 Application of IUCN criteria 115.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 115.2 Treating Wales as a region 125.3 IUCN categories in Wales 135.4 Limitations of the analysis 14
6 Explanation of the Wales Red Data List 156.1 Species information 156.2 National responsibility and edge of range 156.3 Wales Red Data List categories, criteria and justification 16
7 Analysis 177.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data Lists 177.2 Taxa extinct in Wales 197.3 Taxa “doing better” in Wales 207.4 Taxa “doing worse” in Wales 217.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in Wales 237.6 Species for which Wales has a particular responsibility 26
8 Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales 28
9 Excluded taxa 49
10 Acknowledgements 50
11 References 51
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1. IntroductionWales supports almost three quarters of all British bryophyte species with 811 of the 1110listed in the latest Census Catalogue (Hill et al., 2008), or 73% – a remarkably highproportion compared with the 54% of British vascular plants found in Wales. Bryophytesrange from the lowland mosses of the Wye Valley woodlands and Gower coast to montanespecies of Snowdonia’s cliffs, and from the tiny liverworts of raised bogs in west Wales, tothe drought-tolerant rarities of Stanner Rocks in Radnorshire. This flora has been studiedfor more than 150 years and documented in a series of papers and books (e.g. Smith,2004; Hill, 1988; Bosanquet et al., 2005; Woods, 2006).
Habitat loss and environmental changes have put much of our biodiversity under threat,and bryophytes are no exception. Some of our rarest species are found in arable fields,exposed to constantly changing farming practices, whilst others are at the southern edgeof their British range in the mountains of Snowdonia and are vulnerable to climatechange. Yet mosses and liverworts are generally overshadowed by their larger and moreglamorous flowering relatives, or by flagship species like birds and butterflies. It is Wales’responsibility to protect not just our most obvious species, but also the more subtlerarities. With such a large proportion of British bryophytes found in Wales, we also have aspecial responsibility to care for them.
The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008) applied IUCN criteria (version 3.1)to Welsh vascular plants in order to identify Wales’ most threatened species. This studyapplies the same criteria to our bryophytes. By using these scientifically robust criteria,modified where necessary to take into account differences in levels of recording, we canselect a list of priority species that are threatened with extinction at a regional level. Manyof these are at the southern or northern limit of their British range in Wales, so loss fromWales would mean a significant reduction in British range. Already, some 26 bryophytesare thought to have been lost from Wales since the early 20th century, more than half ofwhich are northern species that previously had their southern British limit in Wales.
This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru and the Countryside Council for Waleswith assistance from several Welsh bryologists and from the Biological Records Centre,Wallingford.
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2. Implementation of this Red Data ListOne aim of this report is to assess the risk of extinction facing bryophytes in Wales sothat the current conservation priority list - Section 42 of the Natural Environmental andRural Communities Act (NERC) 2006, Habitats and species of principal importance inWales – which was based on 2005 British threat levels (Hodgetts, unpublished, onwww.jncc.gov.uk, updating Church et al., 2001), can be modified to take into accountspecies that are threatened in Wales. However, Wales is a political, not biogeographic, areaand this list should not be used in isolation without reference to Hodgetts’ revised BritishBryophyte Red List (Hodgetts, 2011). Because two threat lists now exist for Welshbryophytes, some guidance is needed on how these lists should be used, especially giventhat some taxa have different threat levels in Wales and the whole of Britain.
Any taxon that is threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) or NearThreatened in Great Britain (Hodgetts, 2011) should also be regarded as a priority forconservation in Wales, regardless of its threat status in Wales. The bryophytes currentlylisted under Section 42 are based on the GB Red Data List and this remains legallybinding. The categories of threat given by Hodgetts are based on an assessment ofnational distribution and decline, and apply throughout the current range of each taxonin Great Britain.
If a taxon is less threatened in Wales than it is in Great Britain (i.e., it has a lower categoryof threat than it has in Great Britain as a whole or is even classified as Least Concern inWales), the Welsh population must still be regarded as a critically important componentof the GB population and deserves full protection in Wales with appropriate conservationmeasures. This is because it represents a part of the whole GB population that has morechance of surviving and recovering than the GB population as a whole. Should the GBpopulation outside Wales continue to decline, the Welsh population will becomeincreasingly important, again regardless of its status within Wales. Should the Welshpopulation begin to decline, or decline more rapidly than before, the species will beregarded as even more threatened in GB as a whole.
Taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Great Britain should naturally beconsidered as priorities for conservation within Wales. The results of this Red Data Listshould inform the list of bryophytes that appear on the next revision of Section 42 of theNatural Environmental and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species ofprincipal importance in Wales).
The most pressing issue for bryophyte conservation is that many of the taxa listed herehave not been looked for since the 1970s and it is perfectly possible that colonies havebeen lost without anyone realising. Accurate documentation of the location and size ofremaining populations of Wales’ rarest bryophytes is urgently needed.
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3. Coverage3.1 Taxonomic coverageAll of the mosses, liverworts and hornworts recorded in Wales have been assessed for thisRed Data List. This amounts to 848 taxa according to the latest Census Catalogue (Hill etal., 2008) with two species, Daltonia splachnoides and Schistidium helveticum, addedsubsequently. These 850 taxa comprise: 587 moss species with 31 additional varietiesand 1 additional subspecies; 221 liverwort species with 4 additional varieties and 2additional subspecies; and 4 hornwort species. A further 22 varieties and one species(Fossombronia husnotii) which were listed in the previous Census Catalogue (Blockeel &Long, 1998) were originally assessed, but many of these have been so poorly recorded inrecent decades that it was impossible to determine whether they have declined or merelybeen ignored recently. Despite this, bryologists tend to take infraspecific taxa veryseriously – perhaps more so than vascular plant botanists – and many subspecies andvarieties are recorded with as much rigour as species. Some varieties appear to be almostdistinctive enough to be species anyway, but are known to intergrade either in Britain orelsewhere in their range. All taxa have therefore been assessed, although some of the lesswell-known varieties have been placed on the Waiting List or the Data Deficient list.
The Schistidium apocarpum aggregate was subdivided by Blom (1996) and is somethingof a bryological equivalent of the vascular genus Euphrasia (Eyebrights), but thankfullywithout the hybridisation. Its members have not been evenly recorded in Wales and thestatus of most remains uncertain. Three that are thought to be particularly uncommon,judging by recent records, are assigned a threat status although S. trichodon wasdowngraded from Regionally Extinct to Critically Endangered because its apparent lossmay not be genuine. Six others are on the Waiting List or Data Deficient list because theyare so poorly known. No other bryophyte genus is as taxonomically problematic.
Hybrids are much less of an issue in bryophytes than in vascular plants because thehybrid generation is the sporophyte, which is never produced in isolation from thephotosynthesising gametophyte generation. The only hybrid sporophytes confirmed fromWales are Weissia brachycarpa x longifolia, although Aphanorhegma patens xPhyscomitrium sphaericum has been found just across the border in Cheshire and couldoccur at the latter’s two Welsh sites. Hybrid sporophytes are not thought to be ofconservation concern at present.
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3.2 Alien statusOnly six Welsh bryophyte species were considered to be of recent introduced origin by Hillet al. (2007) (i.e. they are neophytes, meaning they were introduced after 1500AD):Atrichum crispum, Campylopus introflexus, Didymodon umbrosus, Hennediellastanfordensis, Lophocolea semiteres and Orthodontium lineare. The Didymodon andLophocolea are rare in Wales but have not been assigned to a threat category because oftheir non-native status. It is possible that other Welsh bryophytes are archaeophytes(introduced before 1500AD), especially some arable taxa and metalophytes (species ofsubstrates rich in heavy metals, such as some mine spoil). Hill et al. consideredAnthoceros agrestis, Bryum ruderale, Bryum violaceum, Cephaloziella massalongi*,Cephaloziella nicholsonii*, Dicranella staphylina, Didymodon tomaculosus*, Ditrichumplumbicola, Phaeoceros carolinianus*, Scopelophila cataractae*, Targionia hypophyllaand Weissia squarrosa* to be possible archaeophytes, but the lack of proof means that allhave been included in the Red Data List analysis and several of them (marked *) havebeen assigned a threat category.
3.3 Geographic coverageThis Red Data List covers the country of Wales, including the 13 vice-counties ofMonmouthshire (vice-county number 35), Glamorgan (41), Brecknockshire (42),Radnorshire (43), Carmarthenshire (44), Pembrokeshire (45), Cardiganshire (46),Montgomeryshire (47), Merionethshire (48), Caernarvonshire (49), Denbighshire (50),Flintshire (51) and Anglesey (52).
In the absence of more detailed tetrad recording, decline statistics were based on data forWelsh hectad (10 km square of the Ordnance Survey grid) records from the BritishBryological Society database held by the Biological Records Centre. Almost all theserecords are correctly attributed to a vice-county, but a few records from the Welsh borderresult from hectad record cards put together for the bryophyte Atlas (Hill et al., 1991-1994) and could come from England (R.G. Woods, pers. comm.). The western distributionof most of Wales’ threatened bryophytes means that this is unlikely to be much of anissue when assessing declines.
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4. Data sourcesThe British Bryological Society (BBS) database is maintained by the Biological RecordsCentre (BRC) at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford. Almost all records in thedatabase were assigned to a hectad (10 km square of the Ordnance Survey grid) forproduction of the bryophyte Atlas (Hill et al., 1991-94), and the majority are assigned to avice-county (see section 3.3 for a caveat about border hectads). In 2010, Chris Preston atBRC generated hectad counts for all Welsh bryophytes using two date classes: all recordsand post-1970 records. The difference between these counts was used to inform IUCN threatcriterion A, which for the purpose of this study looks exclusively at levels of decline indistribution or Area of Occupancy (AOO). The only alteration to these figures resulted fromsome contract surveys of north Wales sites that resulted in post-2000 records of variousimportant species, which had not reached the BBS database. The 1970 cut-off was used inlight of the paucity of recent north Wales recording: if 1980 were used, as in Hodgetts (2011)then apparent declines due to the lack of data would be even more of a problem.
Other IUCN criteria (B, C and D) examine the current number of sites, populations orindividuals in the area being considered. Criteria B and C also require evidence of anyongoing decline, or fragmented or restricted locations or extreme fluctuations. For thesecriteria, detailed information from the Threatened Bryophytes Database (Hodgetts, 2003)was used, along with vice-county Floras and registers. These are vice-counties: 35(Bosanquet, 2003); 41 (Perry, 1994); 42 (Woods, 2006); 43 (Woods, 1993); 44 (Bosanquet etal., 2005); 45 (Bosanquet, 2010); 46 (Hale, 1998); 47-52 (Hill, 1988). All have beensupplemented by more recent recording, especially by the BBS (46 & 50), P.M. Benoit (48),T.H. Blackstock (north Wales), S.D.S. Bosanquet (south Wales), M. Lawley (42, 43 & 47), G.S.Motley (35 & 42), M.E. Newton (48), J.D. Sleath (42) and M.J.M. Yeo (north Wales). Ingeneral there is little data on population sizes, either in terms of number of individuals orextent, so criteria C and D were seldom applicable.
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5. Application of IUCN criteria5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level The standard IUCN Red Data List Categories (IUCN, 2001) are used with the followingmodifications to take into account the regional nature of this analysis:
1. Taxa extinct within the region but extant in other parts of Great Britain are classifiedas Regionally Extinct (RE). A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that thelast individual in the region has died. In this report, taxa extinct in Great Britain as awhole are classified as EX, while those extinct in Wales but still present elsewhere inGreat Britain are classified as RE. The list of extinctions for Wales therefore includesboth EX and RE taxa.
2. Taxa that are (or have been) present in Wales but are not eligible for assessment at theregional level are assigned the category Not Assessed (NA) and are listed in section 9.These are mainly taxa that are no longer considered valid in the latest CensusCatalogue (Hill et al., 2008), but also includes the neophytes mentioned in 3.2.
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5.2 Treating Wales as a regionConsiderable guidance is given by IUCN (2003) regarding the application of standardIUCN criteria and categories (IUCN, 2001) to a region (defined as any subglobalgeographically defined area, such as a continent, country, state, or province). Providedthat the regional population being assessed is isolated from conspecific populationsoutside the region, the IUCN Red Data List Criteria (IUCN, 2001) can be used withoutmodification within any geographically defined area.
However, when the criteria are applied to part of a population defined by a geopoliticalborder, as in the case of Wales sharing a border with England, the threshold values listedunder each criterion may be inappropriate because the unit being assessed is not thesame as the whole population or subpopulation. As a result, the estimate of extinctionrisk may be inaccurate.
In order to address this, the Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008)considered whether the Welsh population of vascular plant taxa experiences anysignificant immigration of viable propagules from England. Any taxa that were found toexperience significant propagule immigration and not to be threatened in Great Britain asa whole were downgraded by one threat category.
The ecology and population dynamics of most threatened bryophytes in Wales are simplytoo poorly known to allow this approach to be adopted for the current Red Data List. Sometaxa are obviously poor dispersers - for example Isopterygiopsis muelleriana and Radulavoluta have never been recorded with sporophytes in the British Isles and do not produceasexual propagules. Others, such as Encalypta alpina and E. rhaptocarpa, fruit profuselyin parts of Britain but have not recolonised Snowdonia since their loss in the early 20th
century, so the regular production of sporophytes is no guide to colonisation ability ordynamism. Yet others have asexual propagules, but these are probably seldomtransported over great distances. Bryophytes certainly can be highly dynamic, as typifiedby the epiphytic mosses and liverworts that are rapidly expanding eastwards into easternEngland, but the only one of these obviously dynamic epiphytes that appears on the RedData List is Ulota calvescens (which might be a casual colonist from Ireland but isthought to have genuinely declined in north Wales); no Orthotrichum have been included.
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5.3 IUCN categories in Wales As well as the modifications given in section 5.1 above, IUCN criteria were adapted andmodified to produce the GB Red Data List (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005), and these samecriteria have been used to produce this Red Data List. This means that the same thresholdsused to determine categories in the GB Red Data List have been used for Wales, and thelists are therefore directly comparable. Because of this, a detailed treatment of how eachcriterion was applied is not reproduced here, but readers are referred to the GB Red DataList for bryophytes (Church et al., 2001) for further information. Table 1, however, gives abrief summary of the categories and criteria used here.
Threat Category Criterion ThresholdsEX Extinct in Great Britain (but was present in Wales)ExtinctRE Extinct in Wales but still present elsewhere in Great BritainRegionally extinctEW Extinct in Great Britain (but was present in Wales) but is still present in cultivationExtinct in the wildCR A AOO trend or hectad trend > 80% declineCritically Endangered B 1 location + continuing decline
C <250 individuals + continuing declineD < 50 individuals
EN A AOO trend or hectad trend > 50% declineEndangered B 5 locations + continuing decline
C < 2500 individuals + continuing declineD < 250 individuals
VU A AOO trend or hectad trend > 30% declineVulnerable B 10 locations + continuing decline
C < 10000 individuals + continuing declineD1 < 1000 individualsD2 < 5 locations
NT A AOO trend or hectad trend > 20% declineNear Threatened* B 30 locations + continuing decline
D < 10000 individualsLC Evaluated against criteria and does not qualify for threatened or Near Threatened.Least concernDD Threat suspected but there is insufficient data for analysisData deficientWL Inadequate data, taxonomic uncertainties or uncertainties over native orWaiting list** archaeophyte status means no assessment can be made.(not an IUCN category – see below)
Table 1. IUCN Categories and criteria as adapted for use in Great Britain by Cheffings & Farrell(2005) and Wales (Dines, 2008). In essence, criterion A looks at decline in hectads or Area ofOccupancy (AOO), criterion B deals with declining taxa that occur in a small number of sites,criterion C also deals with declining taxa but those that have a small number of individuals, andcriterion D looks at those taxa in a small number of sites or with few individuals that are notnecessarily declining. A taxon may qualify as threatened or near threatened on one or more criteria. * No standard IUCN criteria exist for the Near Threatened category; those used were developed
by Cheffings and Farrell (2005) for the GB Red Data List.** The term Waiting List is not an IUCN category but one adopted for use by Cheffings & Farrell
(2005) to deal with the taxa described.
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5.4 Limitations of the analysisWhile considerable efforts have been made to compile and use the best available datafor this analysis, two factors are effective in compromising the application of IUCNcriteria in Wales.
For Criterion A the GB Red Data List (Hodgetts, 2011) used data from nearly 3000 hectads(10 km squares) for the analysis of Area of Occupancy (AOO) and hectad decline. Thisnumber of hectads allowed a fairly robust analysis, as each unit represents 0.035% of thetotal area under consideration. In Wales, however, the same scale of data has been used,with 285 hectads being included in the analysis. Each unit therefore represents 0.35% ofthe area. This makes the analysis much more sensitive and less reliable. As a result, morecaution has been applied and the A criterion has only been used with species that havebeen recorded from more than 10 hectads. It is hoped that, with more tetrad (2km square)data becoming available, criterion A can be applied at this scale in the future, althoughconsiderably more work is needed in mid and north Wales to make this practical.
A further difficulty, which is more of an issue with bryophytes than vascular plants, is thelow number of active recorders in Wales. Wales is fortunate to be home to three or four ofBritain’s top bryologists, but it is impossible for them and the small number of otherBritish Bryological Society (BBS) members to record across the whole country. At thetime of the Atlas (Hill et al, 1991-94), north Wales was the epicentre of British bryologyand was extremely well-recorded, whilst most of south Wales was almost unknown.Subsequently there has been an upsurge in south Wales, but general recording in thenorth has been almost non-existent since the Flora by Hill (1988) was published (Prestonet al., 2009). Contract surveys of a number of key sites in the north have been carried outsince 2000, but data flow issues mean that much data from these is not yet on the NBNGateway. This imbalance in recording effort means that it is very difficult to assessdeclines because many north Wales rarities were found in the 1960s and have not beennoted (or looked for) since. Some taxa that appear to have declined are probably justunder-recorded, especially moderately rare species such as Hypnum callichroum andRadula aquilegia, which are just about common enough not to warrant a specific datedrecord but rare enough to be restricted to a limited number of sites. These species maygenuinely have declined, but it is unlikely that they have experienced the >50% declinesuggested by the current data. They have therefore been dropped by one threat level andflagged with a hyphen ‘-’ next to the threat category in the tables.
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6. Explanation of theWales Red Data ListThe columns that appear in the Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales (Section 8) aredescribed below.
6.1 Species informationTaxonomy of the Wales Red Data List (as given in the Taxon column) follows that of thelatest Census Catalogue (Hill et al., 2008). Whether the taxon is a moss (M), liverwort (L) orhornwort (H) is indicated in the MLH column.
The threat category of the species in Great Britain is given in the GB Red List column,and follows Hodgetts (unpublished). The current list of bryophytes on Section 42 of theNatural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species ofprincipal importance in Wales) is given in the Section 42 Wales column. European RedData Book species (ECCB, 1995) are shown in the Europe Red List column.
The native or alien status of each taxon in Britain (and therefore Wales) is given in theNative/alien status column, following Hill et al. (2007). Almost all taxa are considered tobe natives except for a few possible archaeophytes (see section 3.2). Neophytes havebeen excluded and are listed in Section 9.
6.2 National responsibility and edge of rangeAn assessment has been made of what proportion of the British distribution of each taxonis found within Wales. This has been done using the number of hectads for which there aremodern records in the BBS database (see Hill et al., 2007) compared with the count forWales made by the Biological Records Centre (BRC). Although crude, this does provide anindication of how much of the GB resource is located within Wales. For taxa with more than25% of the GB distribution in Wales (and for which Wales has a national responsibility) thepercentage is given in the Prop (%) of GB population column (see section 7.6).
Taxa that reach the edge of their British range in Wales are identified in the Edge of GBrange? column. The edge of range in question is indicated by “N”, “S”, “E” and “W”, where“S” indicates that the taxon reaches its southern limit in Wales. Notes indicate the countyin which this edge lies, and where necessary gives information on outlying colonies whenthe edge is almost reached in Wales (e.g. Adelanthus decipiens with single outliers inDevon and Cornwall but the southern edge of its core range in Cardiganshire). Disjunctionsfrom Scotland are indicated in the Disjunct from Scotland? column because taxa that‘skip’ northern England and are (or were until they were lost from Wales) found only in themountains of Scotland and Wales are believed to be more vulnerable to climate changethan those also found in the lower mountains of the Lake District and the north Pennines.
6.3 Wales Red Data List categories, criteriaand justificationThe IUCN category (as defined in section 5.3 above) for Wales is given in the Wales Red Listcolumn (note that blanks indicate an assessment of Least Concern). The criterion/criteriaunder which each threatened taxon qualifies is/are given in the Criteria column.
The number of extant hectads (with a post-1970 record) is given in the Wales extant(post-1970) column and can be compared with the Wales hectads (all records) column.The former is equivalent to the locations column in Dines (2008): hectads were used inplace of locations because that was the case for the GB Red Data List (Hodgetts, 2011). Thenumber of locations of rare bryophytes is seldom precisely known – especially becausemany old records have vague location details amounting to little more than a nearbyvillage or a whole mountain – and is often equivalent to hectads anyway. In some cases,declines appear smaller with hectad counts than location counts, especially in Snowdoniawhere Hill (1988) reports losses from two or three localities within a range spanning one ortwo hectads, and this was taken into account when decline criteria were assessed.
The number of individuals of any one species has not been included in the Red List table,although Fossombronia fimbriata was included in the Critically Endangered category onthe basis of its known tiny population (<40 individuals). Otherwise, the number ofindividuals is only known for a handful of Welsh bryophytes.
Continued decline was difficult to assess because of the lack of comparable data fromdecade to decade (see 5.4). A Significant decline? column highlights taxa that haveshown a >50% decline in hectad occupancy between all records and post-1970 records(see Section 4). It is assumed that past declines are unlikely to have slowed much giventhe continuing loss of habitat in Wales coupled with climate change and site dereliction,but in the small number of cases where the only populations are known to be holdingtheir own (for example Bartramia stricta at its sole GB site), past declines have beenignored and Criterion B has not been met (in most such cases the species meet CriterionD2 of the Vulnerable category).
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7. Analysis7.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data ListsWhen drawing comparisons between taxa on the Welsh and GB Red Data Lists it isimportant to remember that identical criteria were used in their selection. Obviously, amuch smaller area was under consideration (Wales being only 10% of the size of GreatBritain) so it is not surprising that the proportion of taxa in each threat category in eacharea is so dissimilar in some cases (Table 2 and Figures 1 & 2).
Great Britain WalesNo. of taxa % of total No. of taxa % of total
Extinct (EX+RE) 25 2 26 3Critically Endangered (CR) 16 1 18 2Endangered (EN) 40 4 64 8Vulnerable (VU) 87 8 64 8Near Threatened (NT) 78 7 12 1Data Deficient (DD) 19 2 15 2Least Concern (LC) 845 76 651 77Total 1110 850
Table 2. Number and proportion of taxa in each Red Data List category in Great Britain andWales. Taxa on the Waiting List are excluded.
Extinct (EX)
Critically Endangered (CR)
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Near Threatened (NT)
Data Deficient (DD)
Least Concern (LC)
Figure 1. The proportion of taxa in each IUCN category in Great Britain (following Hodgetts, 2011).
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Figure 2. The proportion of taxa in each IUCN category in Wales (Extinct includes both EXand RE taxa).
Although the overall proportion of Threatened to Least Concern taxa is the same in Walesand Great Britain, the proportion within each category is quite strikingly different. Waleshas a higher proportion of Extinct (EX & RE) taxa than Great Britain, many of which areboreal taxa lost from Snowdonia since the early 20th century but still persisting in Scotland(see section 7.2). This is to be expected. Less expected was the relatively high proportion ofEndangered taxa. These mostly qualify under criterion B (<5 locations and a continuingdecline) and/or criterion A (>50% decline), and many (41%) are boreal or montane speciesthat are believed to be vulnerable to climate change. In a few cases the apparent declinemay be because of the paucity of very recent data from north Wales (see 5.4), but eachtaxon retained in EN rather than demoted to VU is montane and therefore at particular risk.Countering the high number of Endangered taxa is a low number in the Near Threatenedcategory. This was used very cautiously in Wales because historic data are not sufficient todetect the >20% decline (criterion A) as opposed to a lack of recent recording, and criterionD (<10,000 individuals) is almost impossible to apply to bryophytes. The 12 NearThreatened taxa were therefore selected using criterion B (<30 localities and continuingdecline), usually where site losses had been witnessed in recent years.
An interesting facet of Red Listing that is visible in the Welsh bryophytes on the GB RedList is the number of species that dropped by one threat category between the 2005 and2011 assessments. In many cases this results from survey work revealing that apparentdeclines were artificial. 25 of the 65 GB 2005 Red List species present in Wales weredowngraded by at least one category by 2011, including Section 42 species such as Bryummarratii, B. warneum, Entosthodon pulchellus, Grimmia elongata, Habrodon perpusillusand Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus. In all, 14 of the 33 Section 42 bryophytes are nowconsidered less threatened at the GB level than they were before, despite no action otherthan survey having taken place. Just 9 taxa have gone up a threat category, including 6that were formerly considered Least Concern. All but 1 of these 9 taxa meet the IUCNcriteria for Wales and are included on the Welsh Red List as well as the revised GB list.
Extinct (EX)
Critically Endangered (CR)
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Near Threatened (NT)
Data Deficient (DD)
Least Concern (LC)
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
19
GB Taxon Wales Year last Vice-county WelshRed Red recorded last recorded habitatList ListDD Andreaea alpestris EX 1879 Caerns MontaneCR Atrichum angustatum RE 1926 Carms Upland streamRE Bryum turbinatum EX 1904 Meirionydd Dunes & river shingleRE Bryum uliginosum EX 1904 Meirionydd Dunes
Cinclidium stygium RE 1939 Meirionydd Upland fenConostomum tetragonum RE 1919 Caerns Montane
VU Dialytrichia saxicola RE 1927 Meirionydd Damp rockDiplophyllum taxifolium RE 1844 Caerns MontaneEncalypta alpina RE 1931 Caerns MontaneEncalypta rhaptocarpa RE 1880 Caerns Montane
VU Fissidens serrulatus RE 1968 Meirionydd Sea caveNT Gymnomitrion corallioides RE 1912 Caerns Montane
Lophozia longidens RE 1966 Meirionydd Atlantic woodlandMyurella julacea RE 1912 Caerns Montane
VU Orthodontium gracile RE 1924 Denb/Flint WoodlandRE Philonotis cernua EX 1939 Meirionydd Montane
Philonotis seriata RE 1960s Caerns MontanePseudoleskeella catenulata RE 1960s Caerns MontanePterigynandrum filiforme RE 1928 Caerns MontanePterygoneurum ovatum RE 1830 Denbs/
Anglesey Limestone soilRhynchostegiella curviseta RE 1925 Mons Abbey wallScapania nimbosa RE 1909 Caerns MontaneSolenostoma confertissimum RE 1965 Carms Limestone quarriesSphagnum strictum RE 1960s Merionydd Blanket bogTetraplodon angustatus RE 1899 Caerns MontaneUlota coarctata RE 1914 Merionydd Atlantic woodland
Table 3. The 26 taxa that have become extinct in Wales, along with the vice-county andyear of the last record, and their Red Data List status in Great Britain and Wales. The fourExtinct (EX) taxa have been lost from Britain; Regionally Extinct (RE) taxa remain extantelsewhere in Britain.
7.2 Taxa extinct in WalesThe higher proportion of extinct taxa (EX+RE) in Wales than in Great Britain (3.1% as opposedto 1.6% for GB, see Table 2) is to be expected. There will always be a higher rate of extinctionat the local site level long before extinctions become apparent from larger areas. In a fewcases, taxa that appear to be heading for GB-wide extinction have been targeted by specialprojects, for example Bryum schleicheri (Rothero et al., 2006), but this was not the case forany of the species in Table 3, most of which were lost from Wales long before activeconservation began. The only taxa that have received active help in Wales have beenconserved because of GB-wide threat rather than potential loss from Wales.
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
20
It is difficult to be sure precisely when the mosses and liverworts in Table 3 becameextinct in Wales because many were based on single collections from sites that have onlybeen visited by competent bryologists on a small number of occasions. Indeed it ispossible that some of the montane species may persist on some remote rock outcrops inSnowdonia. Five taxa were only recorded in the 19th century, whilst 15 last records datefrom the golden age of Welsh bryology between 1900 and 1930 when the outstandingD.A. Jones was collecting in north Wales (Hill, 1988) and there were numerous visitors. Theremaining six date from the 1960s, the start of another period when north Wales was theepicentre of British bryology. The site for Fissidens serrulatus was revisited in 2009 and nosign of the Fissidens was seen, whilst Solenostoma confertissimum has not beenrelocated during several recent visits. The remaining four taxa technically qualify asExtinct because the last record was made before 1970, but it is possible that none of themhas been sought subsequently and it is perhaps premature to accept their loss.
7.3 Taxa “doing better” in WalesBecause identical IUCN threat criteria have been used to identify threatened taxa in bothGreat Britain and Wales, we can compare the two floras directly to see how various taxaare faring. Some are “doing better” in Wales (in other words they are less threatened inWales than they are in Great Britain), whilst others are “doing worse” (they are morethreatened in Wales than Great Britain).
As one would expect when comparing a smaller area with a larger one, there are only afew taxa that are “doing better” in Wales (Table 4).
Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List
Bartramia stricta CR ENSouthbya tophacea VU LCTomentypnum nitens VU NTAmblystegium radicale NT LCBryum kunzei NT LCEntosthodon pulchellus NT LCFissidens monguillonii NT LCGrimmia atrata NT LCMyrinia pulvinata NT LCPhaeoceros carolinianus NT LCRhytidiadelphus subpinnatus NT LC
Table 4.The 11 taxa that are “doing better” in Wales compared with Great Britain,arranged by decreasing GB threat category. Taxa are included if they are Threatened (CR,EN, VU) or Near Threatened (NT) in GB, but have a lower threat category or are LeastConcern (LC) in Wales.
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
21
7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in WalesThe taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Great Britain are listed inTable 5. Many taxa are more threatened in Wales than GB as a whole because of smallWelsh ranges, despite caution over applying criteria B and D when declines arequestionable. A significant number of species are considered Least Concern in GreatBritain but are restricted to a very small number of Welsh sites and therefore qualifyunder criterion D. For example, Dicranodontium asperulum is at the southern edge of itsBritish range at a single site in Snowdonia, Scapania calcicola has only been recordedsouth of Scotland at a single site in the Brecon Beacons, and the southern Ricciocarposnatans only crosses the border from England in a couple of places. Others have declinedmore rapidly in Wales than in Britain as a whole, with Antitrichia curtipendula, Bazzaniatricrenata and perhaps Calypogeia azurea retreating northwards, Leptodon smithiiretreating southwards, and Dicranella cerviculata almost lost from south Wales.
In some cases, taxa are “doing worse” in Wales because of different criteria. Fossombroniafimbriata is Near Threatened in Britain because of the paucity of recent records, whereasall Welsh records are modern so there is no evidence of a decline but the population isfewer than 50 individuals (CR criterion D).
Perhaps of most interest are the 20 species that are “doing worse” because the declinesthat were sufficient for Red List status in Great Britain are even more severe in Wales. Thedune moss Bryum calophyllum has been lost from five of its six Welsh sites, Cephaloziellanicholsonii has declined somewhat in southern Britain but is almost lost from Wales, andDicranum undulatum has declined slightly on British bogs but is now restricted to asingle Welsh site.
That only 11 of the 71 GB Red List bryophytes recorded in Wales are “doing better” here isa worry. 13 were assigned the same threat level, albeit not necessarily using the samecriteria, 34 are “doing worse” (see 7.4), 8 are Regionally Extinct (see 7.2) and 5 are DataDeficient. Most of the species on the “doing better” list remain at a reasonable number ofWelsh sites and have been discovered at new localities in recent years. This does notnecessarily mean that they have not declined overall, nor that they are not potentiallythreatened, but there is no evidence of declines in Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus,Entosthodon pulchellus, Southbya tophacea, Fissidens monguillonii or Phaeoceroscarolinianus and only questionable losses of colonies of Myrinia pulvinata in an area thathas not been well surveyed. Bartramia stricta is stable at its only extant British site,whilst the dramatic decline in Tomentypnum nitens in southern Britain is slightly maskedby the relatively small number of historic sites in Wales: it is declining here as well.
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
22
Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List
Micromitrium tenerum EN CRBryum calophyllum VU CRBryum knowltonii VU CRCephaloziella massalongi VU CRSchistidium flaccidum VU CRSeligeria brevifolia VU CRAnomodon longifolius VU ENBryum marratii VU ENCephaloziella nicholsonii VU ENDicranum undulatum VU ENGymnocolea acutiloba VU ENRiccia canaliculata VU ENScopelophila cataractae VU ENSolenostoma caespiticium VU ENTortula wilsonii VU ENPhilonotis tomentella NT CRBryum muehlenbeckii NT ENWeissia squarrosa NT VUWeissia sterilis NT VUAloina rigida LC CRDicranodontium asperulum LC CRFossombronia fimbriata LC CRGrimmia alpestris LC CRLeiocolea fitzgeraldiae LC CRMeesia uliginosa LC CRPohlia wahlenbergii var. glacialis LC CRScapania calcicola LC CRSchistidium trichodon LC CR-Abietinella abietina var. abietina LC ENAmblyodon dealbatus LC ENAnthelia juratzkana LC ENAntitrichia curtipendula LC ENBryum mildeanum LC ENBryum weigelii LC ENBuxbaumia aphylla LC ENCampylostelium saxicola LC ENCephalozia leucantha LC ENCephalozia macrostachya var. macrostachya LC ENCephaloziella spinigera LC ENCladopodiella francisci LC ENCynodontium polycarpon LC ENDicranella crispa LC ENDicranoweisia crispula LC ENDrepanocladus sendtneri LC ENFrullania microphylla var. deciduifolia LC ENGlyphomitrium daviesii LC ENGrimmia montana LC ENHypnum imponens LC ENKiaeria falcata LC EN
Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List
Bryum warneum NT ENHygrohypnum duriusculum NT ENPseudocalliergon lycopodioides NT ENScapania gymnostomophila NT ENBarbilophozia kunzeana NT VUBryum dyffrynense NT VUCephaloziella calyculata NT VUDendrocryphaea lamyana NT VUFossombronia maritima NT VUGrimmia tergestina NT VUHabrodon perpusillus NT VUOrthotrichum obtusifolium NT VUSeligeria campylopoda NT VUSematophyllum substrumulosum NT VUSyntrichia princeps NT VURiccia crozalsii LC ENRicciocarpos natans LC ENScapania ornithopodioides LC ENScapania paludosa LC ENScapania uliginosa LC ENSphagnum fuscum LC ENSplachnum ampullaceum LC ENTortula canescens LC ENUlota calvescens LC ENUlota hutchinsiae LC ENAtrichum tenellum LC VUBarbilophozia hatcheri LC VU-Bryum elegans LC VUCalypogeia azurea LC VU-Catoscopium nigritum LC VUCephalozia loitlesbergeri LC VUCephalozia macrostachya var. spiniflora LC VUCephaloziella elachista LC VUDicranum flagellare LC VUDidymodon tomaculosus LC VUDitrichum pusillum LC VUEntodon concinnus LC VU-Ephemerum recurvifolium LC VUFissidens polyphyllus LC VUGrimmia funalis LC VU-Grimmia longirostris LC VUHageniella micans LC VUHedwigia ciliata var. ciliata LC VUHerzogiella seligeri LC VUHygroamblystegium humile LC VUHypnum callichroum LC VU-Hypnum hamulosum LC VU-Isopterygiopsis muelleriana LC VU-Jungermannia borealis LC VULeptoscyphus cuneifolius LC VU
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
23
Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List
Lophozia obtusa LC ENMarsupella stableri LC ENMnium thomsonii LC ENMolendoa warburgii LC ENParaleptodontium recurvifolium LC ENPhilonotis rigida LC ENPlagiothecium platyphyllum LC ENPohlia elongata var. greenii LC ENPohlia filum LC ENPohlia ludwigii LC ENRadula voluta LC ENRhytidium rugosum LC ENSchistidium pruinosum LC VUSolenostoma subellipticum LC VU-Sphagnum austinii LC VUSphagnum pulchrum LC VUSphagnum riparium LC VUThuidium recognitum LC VU-Tortella densa LC VUBazzania tricrenata LC NTDicranella cerviculata LC NT
Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List
Leucodon sciuroides var.morensis LC VUMarsupella adusta LC VU-Marsupella alpina LC VU-Marsupella sphacelata LC VU-Microbryum floerkeanum LC VUOrthothecium rufescens LC VU-Physcomitrium sphaericum LC VUPlagiochila heterophylla LC VUPottiopsis caespitosa LC VURacomitrium macounii LC VU-Radula aquilegia LC VU-Schistidium agassizii LC VUEntosthodon muhlenbergii LC NTGrimmia decipiens LC NTGrimmia laevigata LC NTLeptodon smithii LC NTOedipodium griffithianum LC NTPallavicinia lyellii LC NTTargionia hypophylla LC NTTortella inclinata LC NT
Table 5. The 140 taxa that are “doing worse” in Wales than they are in Great Britain,arranged by decreasing GB threat category. Taxa are included if they are Threatened (EN& VU) or Near Threatened (NT) in GB but have a higher threat category in Wales, or if theyare Least Concern (LC) in GB but Threatened or Near Threatened in Wales. Taxa that arethreatened in GB but extinct in Wales are excluded (see section 7.2).
7.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in WalesNearly 30 taxa reach the northern edge of their British range in Wales (Table 6) and nearly150 are at their southern edge (Table 7). The former is comparable to the equivalentcount for vascular plants, but the latter is a far larger total. It is becoming increasinglyimportant to identify such species in order to select priorities for conservation and formonitoring the impacts of climate change. Small, edge-of-range populations of speciesthat might be vulnerable to change are particularly important as they are oftengenetically distinct.
16 montane taxa that were at their southern edge in Wales are believed to be extinct.Several were last seen in the 19th century, but there remains a faint chance thatpopulations may exist undiscovered in Snowdonia. They are listed separately at the endof Table 7.
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
24
Taxon Wales Red List
Bryum gemmiparum ENBryum kunzeiCephaloziella calyculata VUCephaloziella massalongi CRCephaloziella nicholsonii ENDendrocryphaea lamyana VUDialytrichia saxicola REDitrichum subulatum VUFissidens curvatus ENFissidens monguilloniiFissidens serrulatus REFossombronia caespitiformis WLFossombronia maritima VULeptodon smithii NTMicrobryum davallianumvar. commutatum DD
Taxon Wales Red List
Micromitrium tenerum CRPottiopsis caespitosa VURiccia crozalsii ENRiccia nigrella ENScorpiurium circinatumSeligeria campylopoda VUSematophyllum substrumulosum VUSouthbya tophaceaTortula cuneifolia ENTortula wilsonii ENWeissia levieri ENWeissia multicapsularis CRWeissia sterilis VU
Taxon Wales Red List
Amphidium lapponicumAnastrophyllum hellerianumAndreaea alpinaAndreaea megistosporaAndreaea mutabilisAndreaea rupestrisvar. papillosa WLAnomobryum concinnatumAnomodon longifolius ENAnthelia julaceaAnthelia juratzkana ! ENAphanolejeunea microscopicaArctoa fulvellaBarbilophozia atlanticaBarbilophozia hatcheri VU-Barbilophozia kunzeana VUBartramia hallerianaBazzania tricrenata NTBryum calophyllum CRBryum elegans VUBryum marratii ENBryum mildeanum ENBryum muehlenbeckii ! ENBryum ripariumCalypogeia azurea VU-Campylopus gracilisCampylopus setifoliusCatoscopium nigritum VUCephalozia loitlesbergeri VUCololejeunea calcareaCynodontium jenneriCynodontium polycarpon ENDicranodontium asperulum CR
Taxon Wales Red List
Grimmia torquataGymnocolea acutiloba ! ENHageniella micans VUHedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea DDHedwigia integrifoliaHerbertus aduncusHerbertus stramineusHygrobiella laxifoliaHygrohypnum duriusculum ENHygrohypnum eugyriumHylocomiastrum umbratumHypnum callichroum VU-Hypnum hamulosum VU-Isopterygiopsis muelleriana VU-Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioidesJungermannia borealis VUJungermannia exsertifoliaKiaeria blyttiiKiaeria falcata ENLeiocolea collarisLeiocolea fitzgeraldiae ! CRLeiocolea heterocolposLepidozia pearsoniiLeptoscyphus cuneifolius ! VULophozia obtusa ENMarsupella adusta VU-Marsupella alpina VU-Marsupella emarginata var. pearsonii WLMarsupella stableri ENMeesia uliginosa CR
Table 6. Taxa that reach the northern edge of their GB distribution in Wales.
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
25
Taxon Wales Red List
Dicranoweisia crispula ENDicranum leioneuronDicranum undulatum ENDitrichum zonatumEncalypta ciliataEremonotus myriocarpusFissidens rufulusFossombronia fimbriata CRFrullania microphyllavar. deciduifolia ENGlyphomitrium daviesii ENGrimmia alpestris ! CRGrimmia arenaria VU-Grimmia atrataGrimmia elongata VU-Grimmia funalis VU-Grimmia incurvaPohlia ludwigii ENPohlia proligera DDPohlia wahlenbergii var. glacialis CRPseudobryum cinclidioidesRacomitrium ellipticumRacomitrium macounii VU-Radula aquilegia VU-Radula voluta ENRhabdoweisia crenulataRhytidiadelphus subpinnatusScapania aequilobaScapania calcicola ! CRScapania cuspiduligeraScapania gymnostomophila ! ENScapania lingulataScapania ornithopodioides ENScapania paludosa ENSchistidium agassizii VUSchistidium confertum WLSchistidium flaccidum ! CRSchistidium frigidumvar. frigidum DDSchistidium frigidum var. havaasii ! DDSchistidium helveticum ! DDSchistidium papillosum ! DDSchistidium pruinosum VUSchistidium robustum WLSchistidium trichodon CR-
Taxon Wales Red List
Metzgeria leptoneuraMetzgeria pubescensMnium thomsonii ENMolendoa warburgii ENOedipodium griffithianum NTOrthothecium rufescens VU-Paraleptodontium recurvifolium ENPhilonotis tomentella CRPhyscomitrium sphaericum VUPlagiobryum zieriPlagiochila exiguaPlagiochila heterophylla VUPlagiopus oederianusPlagiothecium platyphyllum ENPohlia elongatavar. greenii ENSeligeria brevifoliaSolenostoma obovatumSphagnum affineSphagnum balticum ENSphagnum platyphyllumSphagnum skyense ! DDSphagnum warnstorfiiSphenolobopsis pearsoniiTomentypnum nitens NTTortella bambergeriTritomaria exsectaUlota drummondii
Andreaea alpestris ! EXConostomum tetragonum REDiplophyllum taxifolium ! REEncalypta alpina REEncalypta rhaptocarpa REGymnomitrion corallioides ! RELophozia longidens REMyurella julacea REPhilonotis cernua ! REPhilonotis seriata ! REPseudoleskeella catenulata REPterigynandrum filiforme REScapania nimbosa ! RESolenostoma confertissimum RESphagnum strictum ! RETetraplodon angustatus ! RE
Table 7. Taxa that reach the southern edge of their GB distribution in Wales. Taxa whichare/were disjunct from Scotland are marked ‘!’ next to the species name, whilst taxabelieved to be extinct in Wales are listed at the end of the table. A hyphen ‘-‘ next to thethreat category indicates taxa downgraded by one threat category because they arepotentially under-recorded in north Wales (see section 5.4 above).
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
26
7.6 Species for which Wales has a particularresponsibilityConsideration is given here to those taxa for which Wales has a particular responsibilityfor conservation. In the GB Red Data List (Hodgetts, unpublished), taxa for which GreatBritain has an international responsibility are indicated by showing those for which weprobably or definitely have more than 25% of the European population.
For this study a very crude assessment of responsibility has been made using the numberof hectads occupied by each taxon in Great Britain. This total was compared with thenumber of extant (post-1970) Welsh hectads. Any taxon for which Wales has 25% or moreof the GB population is indicated in the Red Data List. In order to highlight conservationpriorities, all of these taxa that are also threatened in Wales are listed in Table 8. Inaddition, the list includes 10 taxa that are of Least Concern in Wales but for which Walesholds 50% or more of the GB population. Several of these are considered Threatened orNear Threatened in GB as a whole.
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
27
Taxon Wales Red Proportion (%) ofData List GB population
Bartramia stricta EN 100Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. rutheanum VU 100Frullania microphylla var. deciduifolia EN 100Seligeria oelandica VU 100Sematophyllum demissum VU 100Gymnocolea acutiloba EN 75Seligeria campylopoda VU 71Grimmia arenaria VU 45Grimmia elongata VU 45Riccia nigrella EN 40Weissia levieri EN 40Dendrocryphaea lamyana VU 36Philonotis rigida EN 35Anomodon longifolius EN 33Bryum gemmiparum EN 33Ditrichum subulatum VU 33Grimmia alpestris CR 33Grimmia laevigata NT 33Fissidens curvatus EN 31Scopelophila cataractae EN 29Tortella inclinata NT 29Targionia hypophylla NT 26Cephaloziella calyculata VU 25Habrodon perpusillus VU 25Hedwigia ciliata var. ciliata VU 25Micromitrium tenerum CR 25Seligeria brevifolia CR 25Sematophyllum substrumulosum VU 25Scapania paludicola 89Southbya tophacea 75Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus 73Amblystegium radicale 64Entosthodon pulchellus 60Porella pinnata 59Ditrichum plumbicola 56Petalophyllum ralfsii 55Coscinodon cribrosus 52Fissidens monguillonii 50
Table 8. Threatened Welsh taxa for which Wales has 25% or more of the total GB hectads,in order of decreasing proportion, and taxa that are not considered threatened in Walesbut which have 50% or more of the total GB hectads in Wales.
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
28
8.BryophyteRed Data Listfor Wales
29
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MAbietin
ella abietinavar. abietin
aEN
A, B
Native
>50%
103
5Lost from
Carmarthenshire & Caernarfon and perhaps fro
m 2 sites in Glamorgan; extant on An
glesey (2 sites) & in Glamorgan (1 site)
MAcaulon muticum
Native
LAdelanthus decipiens
Native
148
7Ou
tliers in Devon & Cornw
all, otherwise southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Llyfnant)
MAloina aloides
Native
MAloina ambigua
Native
159
10Widespread but generally uncom
mon
MAloina rigida
CRA, B, C
Native
>50%
51
2Lost from
Monmouthshire, M
eirio
nydd & Denbighshire but still extant in tin
y quantity at one site in Flintshire (H
alkyn Mountain)
MAm
blyodon dealbatus
ENB
Native
95
7On
e colony in Devon otherwise southern edge in Glamorgan (W
hiteford Burrows); vulnerable species of dun
es; only inland records fro
m
Brecknock (Black Mountains 1981) and Carmarthenshire (1905 & 1929)
MAm
blystegium
confervoides
Native
96
19Scattered colonies on carboniferous limestone
DDNT
MAm
blystegium
radicale
Native
Rare
77
64Historically known fro
m single sites in Cornw
all &
Meirio
nydd and lost from
Cornw
all (Blackstock & Holyoak, 2004), how
ever recently foun
d to be present in reed fen in Pem
brokeshire & Glamorgan (Bosanquet, 2006b), as well as casually in cereal fields; unlikely to be threatened
MAm
blystegium
serpensvar. salinum
Native
1712
16Widespread on th
e Welsh coast
MAm
blystegium
serpensvar. serpens
Native
MAm
phidium lapponicum
Native
118
11S
Southern edge in Brecknock/Carmarthenshire (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
MAm
phidium mougeotii
Native
LAnastrepta orcadensis
Native
2317
6On
e outlier in Devon, otherwise southern edge in Cardiganshire (Pum
lumon)
LAnastrophyllum hellerianum
Native
87
15S
Southern edge in Brecknock/Glamorgan (Waterfalls area)
LAnastrophyllum minutum
Native
DDDD
MAndreaea alpestris
EXNa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Equivocal records from
Caernarfon (Snowdon, 1879; Hill, 1988)
MAndreaea alpina
Native
3016
8S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
MAndreaea megistospora
Native
Rare
96
18S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire (Carn Ingli), 4 recent north Wales records by ME Ne
wton in different localities com
paired to 3 historic ones
suggest that this species is relatively stable
MAndreaea mutabilis
Native
Rare
76
19S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Doethie)
MAndreaea rothiisubsp. falcata
Native
MAndreaea rothii subsp. rothii
WL
Native
>50%
63
10Probably under-recorded, but no recent records fro
m Pem
brokeshire
MAndreaea rupestris
var. papillosa
WL
Native
>50%
21
50S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd, but confusion over identificatio
n of British plants
MAndreaea rupestris
var. rupestris
Native
LAneura mirabilis
Native
1211
14Probably under-recorded because it grow
s un
der Sphagnum; w
idely scattered but often sought w
ithout success
LAneura pinguis
Native
MAnoectangium
aestivum
Native
MAnom
obryum
concinnatum
Native
1210
15S
Southern edge in Brecknock
MAnom
obryum
julaceum
Native
ENVU
MAnom
odon longifolius
ENB
Native
S42
22
33S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (M
ounton & Lady Park Wood), w
here very rare and vulnerable at 2 sites (Bosanquet, 2003)
MAnom
odon viticulosus
Native
LAnthelia julacea
Native
1410
5S
Southern edge in Brecknock (A
fon Irfon)
LAnthelia juratzkana
ENB
Native
53
4S
Yes
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris)
HAnthoceros agrestis
Arch?
HAnthoceros punctatus
Native
MAntitrichia curtipendula
ENA
Native
>50%
258
3Lost from
Monmouthshire & Pem
brokeshire, and restricted in south Wales to one site in Brecknock (D
arren Llwyd), most n
orth Wales records
are pre-1970
LAphanolejeunea microscopica
Native
1914
5S
Southern edge in Glamorgan (Sgw
d Gw
ladys)
MAphanorrhegm
a patens
Native
MArchidium alternifolium
Native
MArctoa fulvella
Native
66
11S
Southern edge in Caernarfon, lost from
Meirio
nydd
CRCR
MAtrichum angustatum
RENa
tive
S42
>50%
20
0W
Lost from
Carmarthenshire (A
fon Llwchwr 1926; Bosanquet et al., 2005) and now
restricted to SE England
MAtrichum crispum
NANe
oM
Atrichum tenellum
VUD2
Native
44
9Present at single sites in Brecknock (U
pper Neuadd Reservoir; Motley & Bosanquet, 2005), Pem
brokeshire (W
aun Isaf; SDS
Bosanquet) &
Cardiganshire (N
ant y
Moch Reservoir; SD
S Bosanquet)
30
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MAtrichum undulatum
var. undulatum
Native
MAulacomnium
androgynum
Native
MAulacomnium
palustre
Native
LBarbilophozia atlantica
Native
2118
13S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire
LBarbilophozia attenuata
Native
LBarbilophozia barbata
Native
LBarbilophozia floerkei
Native
LBarbilophozia hatcheri
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
63
2S
Southern edge in Radnorshire
VUNT
LBarbilophozia kunzeana
VUD2
Native
S42
33
18S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (N
ant y
Twyn 1998; Bosanquet, 2003), also single sites in Brecknock (N
ant G
wnfel 1996; Woods, 2006) &
Denbighshire (M
oel Dyw
yll 1984; TBD
B)M
Barbula convoluta
Native
MBarbula unguiculata
Native
MBartramia halleriana
Native
2417
16S
Southern edge in Brecknock (W
aterfalls area)
MBartramia ithyphylla
Native
MBartramia pom
iform
isNa
tive
CRCR
MBartramia stricta
ENA, B
Native
S42
>50%
21
100
Only extant G
B colony is in Radnorshire (Stann
er Rocks), lost from
Montgom
eryshire (Breidden Hill 1962), historic records fro
m Sussex &
Perthshire
LBazzania tricrenata
NT
BNa
tive
2016
5S
Lost from
Brecknock & Carmarthenshire, now
southern edge in Meirio
nydd
LBazzania trilobata
Native
LBlasia pusilla
Native
LBlepharostom
a trichophyllum
Native
MBlindia acuta
Native
MBrachydontium trichodes
Native
Rare
1814
16Frequent in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
MBrachytheciastrum velutinum
Native
MBrachythecium albicans
Native
MBrachythecium glareosum
Native
MBrachythecium mildeanum
Native
MBrachythecium rivulare
Native
MBrachythecium rutabulum
Native
MBrachythecium sa
lebrosum
WL
Native
11
1W
Western edge in Carmarthenshire (Cwm Gwernen; Bosanquet et al., 2005), only Welsh record
MBreutelia chrysocom
aNa
tive
MBryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens
Native
MBryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum
Native
MBryum algovicum
Native
MBryum alpinum
Native
MBryum archangelicum
Native
MBryum argenteum
Native
MBryum bornholmense
Native
MBryum caespiticium
Native
ENVU
MBryum calophyllum
CRA, B
Native
S42
Rare
>50%
61
7S
Southern edge was in Cardiganshire, now
in Anglesey, extant sparsely over 30x7m
at Tyw
yn Aberffraw, lost from
5 other sites (Ho
lyoak, 2001b)
MBryum canariense
Native
149
30On
e outlier in Lancashire, otherwise northern edge on Anglesey
MBryum capillare
Native
MBryum creberrimum
DDNa
tive
75
26Lost from
Brecknock, last seen 1907; perhaps under-recorded throughout GB
MBryum dichotomum
Native
MBryum donianum
Native
NTNT
MBryum dyffry
nense
VUD2
Native
22
22Ho
lyoak (2003) gives Morfa Dyffry
n as ty
pe locality ofBryum dyffry
nense
MBryum elegans
VUD2
Native
22
5S
Extin
ct in southern England, southern edge now
in Denbighshire (W
orld's End; Hill, 1988)
MBryum gem
miferum
Native
31
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
ENEN
MBryum gem
miparum
ENA, B
Native
S42
>50%
42
33N
North
ern wo
rld edge in Brecknock, where extant at two
sites (River Usk at Sennybridge & Fenni-fach; TBD
B), lost from
3 others &
from
Monmouthshire
DDDD
MBryum interm
edium
CRA, B
Native
>50%
81
1Lost from
dun
e system
s in 6 vice-coun
ties; recently recorded only in Flintshire (D
dol; Hill, 1988) and not looked for there subsequently
MBryum klinggraeffii
Native
VUVU
MBryum knowltonii
CRA, B
Native
S42
>50%
51
5Lost from
4 sites and now extant as a single small patch at M
orfa Dyffry
n SSSI (H
olyoak, 2001b)
NTNT
MBryum kunzei
Native
97
44N
Northern edge in Anglesey/Caernarfo
nEN
VUM
Bryum marratii
ENA, B
Native
S42
RT>50%
42
13S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire, lo
st from
3 sites and now
extant over 26x3m
in Ynysla
s carpark and in a 30m
strip near M
infordd (Holyoak, 2001b)
MBryum mildeanum
ENA, B
Native
>50%
82
12S
Southern edge in Brecknock, lost from Caernarfon since 1892, only seen tw
ice in south Wales since 1965 (Moel Penderyn 2007 & Foel Faw
r 2009; SDS
B pers. obs.)
MBryum moravicum
Native
DDNT
MBryum muehlenbeckii
ENB
Native
11
8S
Yes
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Rhaedr O
gwen 1988 & Carnedd Llewelyn 1988; TBD
B), otherwise no further south th
an Perthshire
MBryum pallens
Native
MBryum pallescens
Native
MBryum pseudotriquetrum
var. bimum
Native
128
8Un
der-recorded because of identificatio
n difficulties
MBryum pseudotriquetrum
var.
Native
pseudotriquetrum
MBryum radiculosum
Native
MBryum ripariu
mNa
tive
Rare
119
16S
Southern edge in Glamorgan (Cwm Dim
bath; Perry, 1994)
MBryum rubens
Native
MBryum ruderale
Arch?
MBryum sa
uteri
Native
MBryum su
bapiculatum
Native
MBryum tenuisetum
Native
DD16
1523
Scattered in north Wales (H
ill, 1988) and south to Radnorshire; easily overlooked
MBryum torquescens
Native
96
15Ra
re on carboniferous limestone near the coasts of north and south Wales
RERE
MBryum turbinatum
EXNa
tive
>50%
50
0Lost from
Brecknock, M
onmouthshire & Meirio
nydd, now
extinct in GB
CRRE
MBryum uliginosum
EXNa
tive
RT>50%
20
0Lost from
Meirio
nydd (M
orfa Dyffry
n to 1904; Holyoak, 2001b), almost extinct in GB
MBryum violaceum
Arch?
VUNT
MBryum warneum
ENA, B
Native
S42
Rare
>50%
83
15Extant at 2 SSSI in Meirio
nydd (M
orfa Dyffry
n & Morfa Harlech) and 1 in Anglesey (Tyw
yn Aberffra
w), lost from
7 other sites (Holyoak, 2001b)
MBryum weigelii
ENB
Native
22
3On
e outlier in Shropshire, otherwise southern edge in Caernarfon (six sites in Carneddau; Hill, 1988)
MBuxbaumia aphylla
ENA, B
Native
RT>50%
31
3Lost from
Meirio
nydd (upper Dyfi
1896) and Montgom
eryshire (Breidden Hill 1960s), and could not be refoun
d in Radnorshire in 2007 having
been seen in 1999 (Burfa Bank; Law
ley, 2007)
MCalliergon cordifolium
Native
MCalliergon giganteum
Native
MCalliergonella cuspidata
Native
MCalliergonella lindbergii
Native
LCalypogeia arguta
Native
LCalypogeia azurea
VU-
B-Na
tive
75
5S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Cefn Cw
m Crew; W
oods, 2006)
LCalypogeia fissa
Native
LCalypogeia muelleriana
Native
LCalypogeia neesiana
Native
LCalypogeia sp
hagnicola
Native
MCampyliadelphus chrysophyllus
Native
MCampyliadelphus elodes
Native
RT16
1011
Still locally abundant in fens on An
glesey (S.D.S. Bosanquet pers. obs.) and in dun
es in Carmarthenshire (Pem
brey)
MCampylium protensum
Native
MCampylium stellatum
Native
MCampylophyllum calcareum
Native
MCampylopus a
trovirens
var. atrovirens
Native
MCampylopus b
revipilus
Native
2117
6Widespread but generally rare in coastal heathland; Hill (1988) reports it as "locally abundant n
ear H
olyhead and at th
e tip
of Lleyn".
MCampylopus fl
exuosus
Native
32
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MCampylopus fragilis
Native
MCampylopus g
racilis
Native
119
8S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (M
aesnant, Pu
mlim
on; Hill, 1988), rare in north Wales (H
ill, 1988)
MCampylopus introflexus
NANe
oM
Campylopus p
ilifer
Native
1010
37Present in six places in Pem
brokeshire (Bosanquet, 2010) and several on the Barm
outh-Porthmadog coast (H
ill, 1988), but interm
ediates to
C. introflexus are confusing
MCampylopus p
yriform
isNa
tive
MCampylopus setifolius
Native
Rare
1412
17S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd, occasional in north Wales (H
ill, 1988)
MCampylopus subulatus
Native
2715
19A widespread weed of dam
p gravelly groun
d, probably overlooked
MCampylostelium sa
xicola
ENA, B
Native
Rare
>50%
83
9Lost from
Meirio
nydd (2 sites to 1911) and sites in Caernarfon (Hill, 1988) and Brecknock (W
oods, 2006) probably extant in Brecknock
(Talybont &
Grwyne Fawr), Cardiganshire (Ponterwyd) &
Caernarfon (Moel Hebog & Eryri)
MCatoscopium nigritum
VUD2
Native
22
6S
Southern edge on Anglesey (Tyw
yn Aberffra
w & New
borough Warren; Hill, 1988)
LCephalozia bicuspidata
Native
LCephalozia catenulata
Native
LCephalozia connivens
Native
LCephalozia leucantha
ENA, B
Native
>50%
41
1A few Cornish colonies, otherwise southern edge in Meirio
nydd (A
rthog Bog)
LCephalozia loitlesbergeri
VUD2
Native
44
8S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cors Caron)
LCephalozia lunulifolia
Native
LCephalozia macrostachyavar.
ENA, B
Native
>50%
73
8Lost from
Pem
brokeshire (3 sites), still thriving on Cors Fochno (S.D.S. Bosanquet pers. obs., 2009), apparent decline may be because some
macrostachya
records not assigned to variety
LCephalozia macrostachyavar. spiniflora
VUD2
Native
22
14On
ly Welsh records are fro
m Cardiganshire (Cors Caron 1990) and Anglesey (heath nr B
rynrefail 1994)
LCephalozia pleniceps
Native
2119
28Foun
d to be fre
quent in south Wales suggesting it is overlooked elsew
here (Bosanquet & Motley, 2005), unlikely to be threatened
VUNT
LCephaloziella calyculata
VUD2
Native
S42
Rare
33
25N
Northern world edge in Pem
brokeshire (2 sites), also in Glamorgan (2 sites) (Bosanquet, 2008b)
LCephaloziella divaricata
Native
LCephaloziella elachista
VUD2
Native
DD1
18
WWestern edge in Pem
brokeshire, w
here extant at only Welsh site (Esgyrn Bottom
)L
Cephaloziella ham
peana
Native
NTVU
LCephaloziella massalongi
CRA, B
Arch?
Rare
>50%
91
7N
Northern edge on Anglesey (last seen 1959), still extant at Figra Mine (Des Callaghan pers. obs., 2011) otherwise last seen near Llanfrothen in
1967
(TBD
B)VU
VUL
Cephaloziella nicholsonii
ENA, B
Arch?
S42
Rare
>50%
21
6N
Lost from
Meirio
nydd (Bontddu) since 1923 (Hill, 1988), now
northern world edge in Cardiganshire (Cwmystwyth 1998)
LCephaloziella rubella
Native
LCephaloziella sp
inigera
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
4Lost from
Anglesey (Llandonna Com
mon), perhaps extant at single site in Cardiganshire (Cors Caron 1970; Hale, 1998)
LCephaloziella stellulifera
Native
3122
24Relatively fre
quent on the Welsh coast and probably somew
hat u
nder-recorded
NTNT
LCephaloziella turneri
NT
BNa
tive
116
23On
e outlier on Kintyre, otherwise northern edge in Carmarthenshire (Laugharne), lost from
Meirio
nydd (Y Gardd, M
inffo
rdd) since 1916 (Hill,
1988) and from
sites in Carmarthenshire & Monmouthshire
MCeratodon purpureus
Native
LChiloscyphus p
allescens
Native
LChiloscyphus p
olyanthos
Native
MCinclidium stygium
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0Lost from
Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris 1939; Hill, 1988)
MCinclidotus fontinaloides
Native
MCirriphyllum crassinervium
Native
MCirriphyllum piliferum
Native
LCladopodiella fluitans
Native
LCladopodiella francisci
ENA, B
Native
>50%
73
4Lost from
Monmouthshire, M
eirio
nydd & 1 site in Pem
brokeshire, extant at single sites in Glamorgan, Pem
brokeshire & Anglesey
MClimacium dendroides
Native
LCololejeunea calcarea
Native
2818
7S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire
LCololejeunea minutissima
Native
LCololejeunea rossettiana
Native
109
13Reasonably frequent on shaded carboniferous limestone
LColura calyptrifolia
Native
RT48
4324
Dram
atic recent increase, especially in conifer plantations
LConocephalum
conicum
Native
33
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LConocephalum
salebrosum
Native
3434
61Recently recognised and under-recorded in Britain - n
ot th
reatened
MConostom
um tetragonum
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Lost from
Caernarfon (Glyders 1910, Snowdon 1919; Hill, 1988)
MCoscinodon cribrosus
Native
2822
52Frequent on the north coasts of Pem
brokeshire & Cardiganshire, apparently
more so th
an elsew
here in GB, but perhaps under-recorded in
England and Scotland
MCratoneuron filicinum
Native
MCryphaea heterom
alla
Native
MCtenidium molluscum
var. condensatum
Native
MCtenidium molluscum
var. molluscum
Native
MCtenidium molluscum
var. robustum
DDNa
tive
22
13Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (A
fon Clydach 2003; Bosanquet et al., 2005)
MCynodontium bruntonii
Native
MCynodontium jenneri
Native
43
4S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (M
oelwyn Bach)
MCynodontium polycarpon
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
17S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd, lost from 1 or perhaps both sites (Cadair Idris to 1860; Cwm Croesor to 1970)
VUVU
MDa
ltonia splachnoides
DDNa
tive
11
10E
Recently foun
d in a conifer plantation in Carmarthenshire (SDS
Bosanquet pers. obs., 2010), spreading rapidly in Ireland and clearly
a recent
colonist in Wales so not considered to be threatened
VUNT
MDendrocryphaea lamyana
VUD2
Native
S42
VU5
536
NNo
rthern edge in Cardiganshire, significant part of G
B populatio
n is on Afon Teifi (Holyoak, 2002), also on Afon Tywi (Bosanquet et al., 2005)
MDialytrichia mucronata
Native
2924
11W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire (Sandy Haven)
NEVU
MDialytrichia saxicola
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0N
Northern edge in Caernarfon, only Welsh record (Prenteg 1927; Bates et al., 2007)
MDichodontiu
m flavescens
Native
138
22Un
der-recorded in GB because only identifi
able when fru
iting
MDichodontiu
m palustre
Native
MDichodontiu
m pellucidum
Native
MDicranella cerviculata
NT
BNa
tive
3017
7Lost from
Monmouthshire, Glamorgan, Radnorshire & Pem
brokeshire in 20th century
MDicranella crispa
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
2Lost from
Meirio
nydd (M
orfa Dyffry
n) since 1911, foun
d in Radnorshire by Mark Lawley in 2009
MDicranella heterom
alla
Native
MDicranella rufescens
Native
MDicranella schreberiana
Native
MDicranella staphylina
Arch?
MDicranella su
bulata
Native
MDicranella varia
Native
MDicranodontiu
m asperulum
CRB
Native
DD1
13
SSouthern edge in Caernarfon, only Welsh site
MDicranodontiu
m denudatum
Native
MDicranow
eisia cirrata
Native
MDicranow
eisia crispula
ENB
Native
22
4S
Southern edge in Caernarfon, lost from
1 of 3 sites (Hill, 1988)
MDicranum
bonjeanii
Native
MDicranum
flagellare
VUD2
Native
33
8Ra
re in eastern Wales and perhaps only a casual here
MDicranum
fuscescens
Native
DDDD
MDicranum
leioneuron
Native
76
43S
Southern edge in Brecknock, but taxonomically confused and perhaps not a true British species (G.P. Rothero pers. com
m.)
MDicranum
majus
Native
MDicranum
montanum
Native
1313
6Occasional in eastern Wales, perhaps spreading westwards
MDicranum
polysetum
WL
Native
11
2W
Western edge in Anglesey (New
borough Forest), where a relatively recent arrival
MDicranum
scoparium
Native
MDicranum
scottianum
Native
MDicranum
tauricum
Native
VUVU
MDicranum
undulatum
ENA, B
Native
S42
>50%
41
5S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno), where last seen in 1967 (Hale, 1998) and not refoun
d in 2009, still extant in De
nbighshire
(Bettisfield Moss)
MDidymodon acutus
Native
148
10Widespread on coastal limestone, rarer inland
MDidymodon fallax
Native
MDidymodon ferrugineus
Native
34
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MDidymodon insulanus
Native
MDidymodon lurid
usNa
tive
MDidymodon nicholsonii
Native
MDidymodon rigidulus
Native
MDidymodon sinuosus
Native
MDidymodon sp
adiceus
Native
LCLC
MDidymodon tomaculosus
VUD2
Arch?
S42
DD2
29
Only recorded in Wales from
Pem
brokeshire and Monmouthshire, but probably overlooked
MDidymodon tophaceus
Native
MDidymodon umbrosus
NANe
o3
34
WWestern edge in Glamorgan (Ewenny Prio
ry, R.V. Lansdow
n 2009)
MDidymodon vinealis
Native
5743
5Ra
rer in Wales th
an in England, but still locally frequent in th
e lowlands
MDiphyscium
foliosum
Native
LDiplophyllum albicans
Native
LDiplophyllum obtusifolium
Native
6758
41Frequent in conifer plantations in Wales and probably better recorded here than in most of G
BL
Diplophyllum taxifolium
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Lost from
Caernarfon (Glyders 1844; Hill, 1988), now
southern edge in Perthshire
MDiscelium nudum
Native
RT6
67
Very scarce in north-east W
ales
MDistichium
capillaceum
Native
2114
5Ne
ar southern lim
it in Brecknock but new
records fro
m Cornw
all since th
e Atlas
MDistichium
inclinatum
Native
1312
14In limestone quarries and dune slacks in both north and south Wales, som
etim
es on wall m
ortar
MDitrichum flexicaule
DDNa
tive
>50%
145
11Recently recorded only fro
m Great Orm
e's He
ad, Creigiau Eglwyseg, Tyw
yn Aberffra
w & Craig y Cilau, but poorly
understood and probably
not such a significant decline
MDitrichum gracile
Native
MDitrichum heterom
allum
Native
MDitrichum lineare
Native
1918
38Ou
tlying colony in Cornw
all, otherwise southern edge in Carmarthenshire
NTLC
MDitrichum plumbicola
Arch?
S42
VU10
1056
The Mid Wales ore field is th
e British headquarters of th
is species
MDitrichum pusillum
VUD2
Native
54
13Ra
re in unrem
arkable sites in north Wales (H
ill, 1988); surely somew
hat overlooked
VUVU
MDitrichum su
bulatum
VUD2
Native
S42
44
33N
Northern edge in Carmarthenshire, significant proportion of GB colonies in Pem
brokeshire (8 populations)
MDitrichum zonatum
Native
1412
21S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire
LDouinia ovata
Native
MDrepanocladus a
duncus
Native
MDrepanocladus p
olygam
usNa
tive
MDrepanocladus sendtneri
ENA, B
Native
RT>50%
114
10Lost from
Monmouthshire, still extant in dunes o
f Glamorgan and north Wales; inland records from Radnorshire & Flintshire (H
alkyn Mountain)
LDrepanolejeunea hamatifolia
Native
1511
3On
e outlier in Cornw
all, otherwise southern edge in Meirio
nydd
MEncalypta alpina
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Lost from
Caernarfon (Cwm Dyli 1931; Hill, 1988)
MEncalypta ciliata
Native
2018
19S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire, rare in north Wales (H
ill, 1988) but widespread in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
MEncalypta rhaptocarpa
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Lost from
Caernarfon (Glyders 1880; Hill, 1988)
MEncalypta streptocarpa
Native
MEncalypta vulgaris
Native
MEntodon concinnus
VU-
B-Na
tive
85
2BB
S sprin
g meetin
g in 2008 show
ed Entodon
to be more fre
quent in De
nbighshire limestone th
an previously thought, possibly lost from
Glam
organ (Oxw
ich)
MEntosthodon attenuatus
Native
MEntosthodon fascicularis
Native
MEntosthodon muhlenbergii
NT
BNa
tive
137
21W
Western edge in Glamorgan (Mew
slade; Bosanquet, 2008a), lost from
Meirio
nydd (H
arlech Castle 1908; Hill, 1988)
MEntosthodon obtusus
Native
VUNT
MEntosthodon pulchellus
Native
S42
109
60On
e outlier in Aberdeenshire, otherwise northern edge in Caernarfon (Great Orm
e's He
ad), large part of G
B populatio
n in Glamorgan
(Bosanquet, 2008a)
NENE
MEphemerum
crassinervium
VUD2
Native
22
100
Only British colonies are in Monmouthshire (W
entwood Reservoir), also in Carmarthenshire (Pant-y-llyn Turlough) (M
otley & Bosanquet,
subsp. rutheanum
2005), taxonomy revised by Holyoak (2010), formerly E. hibernicum
LCNE
MEphemerum
crassinervium
Native
Rare
1212
29Six sites in Monmouthshire, 2 in Brecknock, 1 in Carmarthenshire & 2 in Pem
brokeshire make south Wales significant for th
is taxon, only 1
subsp. sessile
north Wales record (Llyn Alaw
1988)
35
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MEphemerum
minutissimum
Native
MEphemerum
recurvifolium
VUD2
Native
Rare
44
3W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire where 2 sites, 1 site in Monmouthshire & 1 in Caernarfon, perhaps under-recorded
MEphemerum
serratum
Native
MEpipterygium
tozeri
Native
LErem
onotus myriocarpus
Native
96
8S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Craig Cerrig
Gleisiad)
MEucladium verticillatum
Native
MEurhynchium striatum
Native
MFissidens a
dianthoides
Native
MFissidens b
ryoidesvar.bryoides
Native
MFissidens b
ryoidesvar. caespitans
Native
101
8435
Probably better-recorded in Wales th
an elsew
here in GB
MFissidens celticus
Native
MFissidens crassipes
Native
MFissidens crispus
WL
Native
>50%
178
12Ap
parent decline as records based on herbariu
m review
, few
bryologists seem to find th
is species now
but it is scattered in Pem
brokeshire
ENEN
MFissidens curvatus
ENB
Native
S42
DD8
531
NNo
rthern edge in Caernarfon, seen at only 4 sites since 1970 (near H
arlech 1975; Rock Dingle 1999; Dryslwyn Castle 2002 & 2008; near
Llandeilo 2009)
MFissidens d
ubius
Native
MFissidens exilis
Native
MFissidens fontanus
Native
77
12W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire (H
averfordwest), also at Monmouth and in Denbighshire (Bangor on De
e)M
Fissidens g
racilifolius
Native
MFissidens incurvus
Native
NTNT
MFissidens m
onguillonii
Native
Rare
88
50N
Northern edge on Anglesey (Gwredog 1988), also Denbighshire (Trefriw 1978), 2 sites in Carmarthenshire and 6 in Pem
brokeshire
MFissidens o
smundoides
Native
MFissidens p
olyphyllus
VUD2
Native
55
23Still th
riving on th
e Afon Glaslyn and in nearby sea caves
MFissidens p
usillus
Native
MFissidens rivularis
Native
2221
39Locally com
mon in south Wales, especially th
e Brecon Beacons area
MFissidens rufulus
Native
3222
28S
Southern edge in Glamorgan
VUVU
MFissidens serrulatus
RENa
tive
S42
>50%
10
0N
Northern edge was in Meirio
nydd (Pencob), w
here last seen in 1968 and not refound during a targeted search in 2009
MFissidens taxifoliusvar. pallidicaulis
Native
88
15Convincing material com
es from
north and mid Wales south to Carmarthenshire (M
ynydd Mallaen)
MFissidens taxifoliusvar. taxifolius
Native
MFissidens viridulus
Native
MFontinalis antipyreticavar. antipyretica
Native
MFontinalis antipyreticavar. gracilis
WL
Native
>50%
168
9Ap
parent decline because of lack of interest in varieties of Fontin
alis antipyretica
MFontinalis sq
uamosavar. squamosa
Native
LFossom
bronia angulosa
Native
77
30Extant in at least 5 of 6 Pem
brokeshire sites and at 2 of 3 near Porthmadog, but lost from
Meirio
nydd (M
inffo
rdd 1921; Hill, 1988)
LFossom
bronia caespitiform
isWL
Native
95
14N
Lost from
Lancashire, northern edge now
in Caernarfon, also lost from
north Pem
brokeshire & Carmarthenshire, F. husnotiinow considered a
form
of F. caespitiform
isNT
LCL
Fossom
bronia fimbriata
CRD
Native
Rare
44
24S
Southern edge in Brecknock/Carmarthenshire (Pont ar W
ysg); m
ore than half of post-1970 British records fro
m 6 sites in 2 hectads in
Pembrokeshire (Preseli & Carn Ingli). No colony has more than 10 plants and th
e entire Welsh population is <40 individuals (21 in Pem
bs, 1 in
Carm
s, 3 in Brecs and <10 in Caerns)
LCLC
LFossom
bronia foveolata
Native
S42
88
11No
sign of decline in Wales, locally abundant on Preseli (Pembrokeshire) and recorded in Cardiganshire (1 site) and 5+ north Wales sites
LFossom
bronia incurva
Native
Rare
1817
19Widespread in south Wales and doubtless more fre
quent in the north than 3 records suggest
NTNT
LFossom
bronia maritima
VUD2
Native
33
17N
Northern edge in Caernarfon (Bardsey 1993), locally frequent in NW Pem
brokeshire (Ram
sey & St D
avid's)
LFossom
bronia pusilla
Native
LFossom
bronia wondraczekii
Native
LFrullania dilatata
Native
LFrullania fra
gilifolia
Native
LFrullania microphyllavar. deciduifolia
ENB
Native
32
100
SThe only British records a
re from
Caernarfon (Moel Hebog 1967; TBD
B) and Brecknock (Craig Cerrig Gleisiad 1999 & Fa
n Nedd 2000; Woods, 2006)
36
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LFrullania microphyllavar. microphylla
Native
LFrullania tamarisci
Native
LFrullania teneriffae
Native
MFunaria hygrometrica
Native
MGlyphomitrium daviesii
ENA, B
Native
Rare
>50%
84
3S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire (M
ynydd Dinas & Craig Talfynydd), two recent records for M
eirio
nydd (N
ewton, 2004) not in BBS database,
lost from
other north Wales sites
MGrimmia alpestris
CRB
Native
11
33S
Yes
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris 2001), 1 of 3 GB records (Long, 2008)
VUVU
MGrimmia arenaria
VU-
B-Na
tive
DD8
545
SSouthern edge in Cardiganshire, m
ost of G
B populatio
n is in Wales alth
ough recent records suggest overlooked in Lake District
LCNT
MGrimmia atrata
Native
Rare
128
35S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwmystwyth)
MGrimmia decipiens
NT
BNa
tive
179
17Lost from
Montgom
eryshire & Anglesey and apparently declining in north Wales (H
ill, 1988), but no decline evident in the south
MGrimmia donniana
Native
ENVU
MGrimmia elongata
VU-
B-Na
tive
S42
75
45S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Padell N
ant W
yddon), only 4 north Wales records since 1970 but unlikely to have been lost from
its 4 other
sites and a similar 'decline' in Lake District appears to be false (F. Cam
eron pers. com
m.)
MGrimmia funalis
VU-
A-Na
tive
>50%
167
5S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire (M
ynydd Preseli), few recent records fro
m north Wales but no reason to suspect a decline
MGrimmia hartm
anii
Native
MGrimmia incurva
Native
86
27S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire (3 sites on Mynydd Preseli), very rare in north Wales (H
ill, 1988) but recently foun
d new to Cadair Idris and
perhaps overlooked elsew
here
MGrimmia laevigata
NT
BNa
tive
2114
33Ap
parently declining in north Wales, w
here lost from
Meirio
nydd & Anglesey, but no decline in th
e south
MGrimmia lisae
Native
2219
49Includes G. retracta& G. trichophyllavar. subsquarrosa, w
ell recorded in Wales
MGrimmia longirostris
VUD2
Native
55
11Recently foun
d at 2 sites in Monmouthshire (both near Cwmyoy), 1 in Radnorshire (Stann
er Rocks), 1 in Montgom
eryshire (Breidden Hill) and
1 in Meirio
nydd (M
oel-y
-gest)
MGrimmia montana
ENA, B
Native
>50%
72
9Lost from
Monmouthshire, M
eirio
nydd, Caernarfon & Anglesey, extant at 2 sites in Radnorshire & 1 in Pem
brokeshire
MGrimmia orbicularis
Native
1811
20Locally abundant on Go
wer (Bosanquet, 2008a) and Great Orm
e's He
ad (H
odgetts, 2003b), also on An
glesey and in th
e north-east, as well as
a single site in Pem
brokeshire (Stackpole), lost from
Meirio
nydd
MGrimmia ovalis
Native
1915
34Core of G
B range is in Monmouthshire (16 sites), Brecknock & Herefordshire; otherwise thriving at Stann
er Rocks, and present at single sites
in Carmarthenshire (Bosanquet et al., 2005) & Denbighshire (H
ill, 1988)
MGrimmia pulvinata
Native
MGrimmia ramondii
Native
VUNT
MGrimmia tergestin
aVU
D2Na
tive
11
10On
ly Welsh record is from
Great Orm
e's He
ad (H
odgetts, 2003b), but species appears to be spreading in southern Brita
inM
Grimmia torquata
Native
2317
11S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
MGrimmia trichophylla
Native
VUVU
LGymnocolea acutiloba
ENB
Native
33
75S
Yes
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (R
hinogs & Arenig Fawr; TBDB
; Blackstock & New
ton, 1999); otherwise only known in GB fro
m Easterness
LGymnocolea inflata
Native
LGymnomitrion concinnatum
Native
97
5Single outliers in Devon and Pem
brokeshire (near C
eibw
r Bay), southern edge of core range is Montgom
eryshire (D
ylife)
NTNT
LGymnomitrion corallioides
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Lost from
Caernarfon (Snowdon summit 1912; Hill, 1988), now
southern edge in Perthshire
LGymnomitrion crenulatum
Native
LGymnomitrion obtusum
Native
MGymnostom
um aeruginosum
Native
MGymnostom
um calcareum
Native
117
9Widespread but scarce on shaded lim
estone
MGymnostom
um viridulum
Native
2121
29Frequent in th
e south-west on calcareous dun
es and wall m
ortar, scarce further n
orth-east
MGyroweisia tenuis
Native
ENNT
MHa
brodon perpusillus
VUD2
Native
S42
44
25De
clined significantly
in most of G
B, detailed surveys of 3 of 4 Welsh colonies indicate th
at all are potentially vulnerable to shading out
MHa
geniella micans
VUD2
Native
RT3
25
SSouthern edge in Meirio
nydd, w
here th
ought extinct but recently rediscovered at 2 sites (Coed Ab
erartro & Cwm Bychan)
MHa
matocaulis vernicosus
Native
DD59
5249
Locally abundant in parts of Brecknock, Carmarthenshire, Pem
brokeshire & Cardiganshire (Bosanquet et al., 2006), less common (or less
well-recorded) in north Wales
LHa
plom
itrium hookeri
Native
Rare
88
7Recorded from
far m
ore sites in south Wales (13) th
an north Wales (2) so probably overlooked in th
e north
LHa
rpalejeunea molleri
Native
2319
7Relatively widespread in oceanic woodlands, especially in north Wales
37
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LHa
rpanthus scutatus
Native
NTLC
MHedw
igia ciliatavar.ciliata
VUB
Native
116
25On
e recent record from
north Wales (R
G Woods pers. com
m., 2010), other recent records com
e fro
m stone tiled roofs in th
e south, remainder
are based on a herbariu
m revision so decline may be overem
phasised
NTLC
MHedw
igia ciliatavar. leucophaea
DDNa
tive
11
25S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Llangua Chu
rch) & nearby He
refordshire (Callaghan, 2006)
MHedw
igia integrifolia
Native
Rare
1912
17S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire (Craig Talfynydd)
MHedw
igia stellata
Native
MHennediella heimii
Native
MHennediella stanfordensis
NANe
o20
2025
Common on the Severn, Usk, W
ye and th
eir trib
utaries
LHerbertus a
duncus
Native
1312
6S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris area)
LHerbertus stram
ineus
Native
76
5S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Llyn y Ga
fr, Cadair Idris)
MHerzogiella seligeri
VUD2
Native
11
1W
Western edge in Monmouthshire (Penyclawdd), only Welsh site
MHeterocladium heteropterum
var. flaccidum
Native
MHeterocladium heteropterum
var. heteropterum
Native
MHeterocladium wulfsbergii
Native
1911
30Recognised by Crun
dwell &
Smith
(2000) and foun
d to be widespread in western Britain
MHomalia trichomanoides
Native
MHomalothecium
lutescens
Native
MHomalothecium
sericeum
Native
MHookeria lucens
Native
MHy
groamblystegium
fluviatile
Native
MHy
groamblystegium
hum
ileVU
D2Na
tive
53
4Lost from
Meirio
nydd & Denbighshire; extant in Monmouthshire (D
ingestow
& Magor) &
Flintshire (nr B
uckley)
MHy
groamblystegium
tenax
Native
MHy
groamblystegium
varium
Native
LHy
grobiella laxifolia
Native
2521
10S
Extin
ct in SE England, now
southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Brechfa Forest)
LCNT
MHy
grohypnum duriusculum
ENA, B
Native
>50%
42
10S
Southern edge was in Meirio
nydd (near D
olgellau; Hill, 1988) but not seen there recently, now
perhaps only in Snowdonia
MHy
grohypnum eugyrium
Native
3319
9S
Lost from
Devon, southern edge now
in Brecknock (D
yffry
n Craw
non; Woods, 2006), apparent d
ecline is probably due to many un
dated north
Wales records
MHy
grohypnum lurid
umNa
tive
MHy
grohypnum ochraceum
Native
MHy
locomiastrum umbratum
Native
2114
5S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Rheidol)
MHy
locomium sp
lendens
Native
MHy
menostylium recurvirostrum
var. recurvirostrum
Native
MHy
ocom
ium arm
oricum
Native
MHy
pnum
andoi
Native
MHy
pnum
callichroum
VU-
A-Na
tive
>50%
229
4S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (M
ynydd Mallaen)
MHy
pnum
cupressiform
e var.cupressiform
eNa
tive
MHy
pnum
cupressiform
evar.lacunosum
Native
MHy
pnum
cupressiform
e var. resupinatum
Native
MHy
pnum
ham
ulosum
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
62
3S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris), most records were by D.A. Ratcliffe (undated) and many sites have not been re-examined
MHy
pnum
imponens
ENB
Native
32
3Wet heaths and bogs in north Wales, very rare (H
ill, 1988), records are from
1988 (Mynydd Hiraethog), 1960 & 1970
MHy
pnum
jutlandicum
Native
MIsopterygiopsis m
uelleriana
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
21
3S
Southern edge in Caernarfon (4 sites; Hill, 1988), in areas with
little th
orough post-1970 recording
MIsopterygiopsis p
ulchella
Native
MIsothecium
alopecuroides
Native
38
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MIsothecium
holtii
Native
MIsothecium
myosuroides
var. brachythecioides
Native
87
4S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Bannau Sir G
aer)
MIsothecium
myosuroides
var. myosuroides
Native
LJamesoniella autum
nalis
Native
2119
19Widespread but scarce on decaying logs in hum
id woodland or on rocks, south-east to Monmouthshire (W
ye Valley)
LJubula hutchinsiae
Native
LJungermannia atrovirens
Native
LJungermannia borealis
VUD2
Native
55
14S
Southern edge in Brecknock, w
here locally frequent in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
LJungermannia exsertifolia
Native
4130
10S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (A
fon Rh
ymney)
LJungermannia pumila
Native
MKiaeria blyttii
Native
1212
9S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire (2 sites on Mynydd Preseli)
MKiaeria falcata
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
2S
Southern edge in Caernarfon, lost from
Carnedd Llewellyn but extant on Snow
don (Hill, 1988)
MKindbergia praelonga
Native
LKurzia pauciflora
Native
LKurzia sy
lvatica
Native
LKurzia trichoclados
Native
LLeiocolea badensis
Native
LLeiocolea bantriensis
Native
LLeiocolea collaris
Native
2421
9S
Southern edge in Glamorgan
LLeiocolea fitzgeraldiae
CRB
Native
11
5S
Yes
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Cwm Id
wal 1988)
LLeiocolea heterocolpos
Native
119
16S
Southern edge in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
LLeiocolea turbinata
Native
LLejeunea cavifolia
Native
LLejeunea lamacerina
Native
LLejeunea patens
Native
LLepidozia cupressina
Native
LLepidozia pearsonii
Native
2917
7S
Southern edge in NE Carm
arthenshire (M
ynydd Mallaen area)
LLepidozia reptans
Native
MLeptobarbula berica
Native
77
6Recent records fro
m 3 sites in Monmouthshire, 2 in Pem
brokeshire & 3 in Carmarthenshire, half are on lim
estone and half on walls
MLeptobryum
pyriform
eNa
tive
MLeptodictyum
ripariu
mNa
tive
MLeptodon sm
ithii
NT
BNa
tive
S42
137
5N
Lost from
Cum
berland, so northern edge on Anglesey, lost from
Meirionydd & sites in Caernarfo
n, Anglesey, Pem
brokeshire (2) &
Glamorgan (2)
MLeptodontiu
m flexifolium
Native
LLeptoscyphus cuneifolius
VUD2
Native
22
2S
Yes
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Coed y Rh
ygen & Coed Ga
nllwyd)
MLeskea polycarpa
Native
MLeucobryum
glaucum
Native
MLeucobryum
juniperoideum
Native
MLeucodon sciuroides
var. morensis
VUD2
Native
11
13On
ly Welsh record is from
Pem
brokeshire (Llanychaer 1973)
MLeucodon sciuroides
var. sciuroides
Native
MLoeskeobryum
brevirostre
Native
LLophocolea bidentata
Native
LLophocolea fragrans
Native
LLophocolea heterophylla
Native
LLophocolea semiteres
NANe
o3
35
WRecently foun
d at tw
o sites in Pem
brokeshire & one in Meirio
nydd, increasing in GB
LLophozia bicrenata
Native
LLophozia excisa
Native
LLophozia incisa
Native
39
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LLophozia longidens
RENa
tive
>50%
20
0S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (3 sites), apparently
last seen there at Cwm Bychan in 1966 (Hill, 1988)
LLophozia obtusa
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
3S
Lost from
Meirio
nydd since 1916, now
southern edge in Caernarfon where extant at 1 of 3 sites (Cwm Id
wal; Hill, 1988)
LLophozia su
detica
Native
LLophozia ventricosa
Native
VUDD
LLophozia wenzelii
WL
Native
????
??Distrib
ution un
certain following Bakalin (2004); identified by Bakalin from
Radnorshire & Meirio
nydd and provisionally by SD
S Bosanquet
from Carmarthenshire, Pem
brokeshire & Denbighshire, so potentially widespread
LLunularia cruciata
Native
LMarchantia polym
orpha
subsp.montivagans
WL
Native
85
8An
under-recorded but scarce subspecies of M
archantia polym
orpha
LMarchantia polym
orpha
subsp. polym
orpha
Native
LMarchantia polym
orpha
subsp. ruderalis
Native
LMarchesinia mackaii
Native
LMarsupella adusta
VU-
B-Na
tive
65
11S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris)
LMarsupella alpina
VU-
B-Na
tive
74
11S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Bwlch y Groes)
LMarsupella emarginatavar. aquatica
Native
3827
42Probably under-recorded in much of Britain, especially Scotla
ndL
Marsupella emarginata
var. em
arginata
Native
LMarsupella emarginatavar.pearsonii
WL
Native
>50%
105
29S
Lost from
Devon, now
southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Cwm Doethie)
LMarsupella funckii
Native
LMarsupella sp
hacelata
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
41
2On
e outlier in Devon, otherwise lost from
Brecknock so southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Llyn yr Adar 1984), 1964 & 1967 records fro
m
Caernarfo
n (Aberglaslyn & Snowdon) not looked for since
LMarsupella sp
rucei
Native
LMarsupella stableri
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
3S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris), lost from
2 of 3 Caernarfon sites (extant in Cw
m Cneifion)
MMeesia uliginosa
CRB
Native
11
2S
Southern edge on Anglesey (Tyw
yn Aberffra
w)
LMetzgeria conjugata
Native
LMetzgeria consanguinea
Native
LMetzgeria furcata
Native
LMetzgeria leptoneura
Native
169
6S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Cothi Gorge)
LMetzgeria pubescens
Native
108
4S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Lady Park Wood; Bosanquet, 2003)
LMetzgeria violacea
Native
MMicrobryum curvicollum
Native
MMicrobryum davallianum
DDNa
tive
55
16N
Northern edge in Caernarfon, a Mediterra
nean-Atla
ntic taxon that was recognised as distinct again in 2008; also recorded in Pem
brokeshire
var.commutatum
(3 hectads) &
Carmarthenshire (1 site)
MMicrobryum davallianum
var.davallianum
Native
MMicrobryum floerkeanum
VUD2
Native
DD3
22
WWestern edge in Monmouthshire, w
here 2 sites, lost from
Caernarfon
MMicrobryum rectum
Native
MMicrobryum starckeanum
Native
2117
20Scattered on lime-rich soil in th
e south and lead mine spoil in the north
LMicrolejeunea ulicina
Native
CREN
MMicromitrium tenerum
CRB
Native
VU1
125
NNo
rthern edge on Anglesey, not seen at only Welsh site (Llyn He
ndref; Hill, 1988) since sole record in 1971
MMnium
hornum
Native
MMnium
marginatum
DDNa
tive
11
33W
Western edge in Denbighshire, only recorded once in Wales, but non-fe
rtile M. m
arginatumon Monmouthshire river banks may also be var.
var. dioicum dioicum
MMnium
marginatum var. m
arginatum
Native
MMnium
stellare
Native
MMnium
thom
sonii
ENB
Native
32
3S
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Cwmglas-m
awr, Cw
mglas-bach & Cwm Id
wal)
40
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LCDD
LMoerckia hibernicaagg.
Native
2013
15Most if not all records are Moerckia flotoviana, which is reasonably frequent in upland flu
shes in Carmarthenshire & Brecknock but has been
lost from
som
e southern dun
e system
sM
Molendoa warburgii
ENB
Native
Rare
44
3S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Ceunant Cynfal)
LMylia anomala
Native
LMylia taylorii
Native
NTNT
MMyrinia pulvinata
Native
108
28Un
common on the Severn, W
ye and Usk and th
eir trib
utaries
MMyurella julacea
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Lost from
Caernarfon (Snowdon 1912; Hill, 1988)
LNa
rdia com
pressa
Native
LNa
rdia geoscyphus
Native
LNa
rdia scalaris
Native
MNeckera complanata
Native
MNeckera crispa
Native
MNeckera pumila
Native
LNo
wellia curvifolia
Native
LOd
ontoschism
a denudatum
Native
LOd
ontoschism
a sphagni
Native
MOedipodium
griffithianum
NT
BNa
tive
1810
18S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire, lost from Brecknock & a several sites in th
e north (TBD
B)M
Oligotrichum hercynicum
Native
VUVU
MOrthodontiu
m gracile
RENa
tive
EN>50%
10
0Lost from
Denbighshire & Flintshire (N
ant y
Ffrith
; Hill, 1988, Porley & Matcham
, 2003) and not refoun
d in 2008 (SDS
B pers. obs.)
MOrthodontiu
m lineare
NANe
oM
Orthothecium
intricatum
Native
MOrthothecium
rufescens
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
42
2S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Cwm Taw
e) (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008), rare in Snowdonia (Hill, 1988) in areas with
poor recent recording
MOrthotrichum affine
Native
MOrthotrichum anomalum
Native
MOrthotrichum cupulatum
Native
MOrthotrichum diaphanum
Native
MOrthotrichum lyellii
Native
VUNT
MOrthotrichum obtusifolium
VUD2
Native
11
9W
Western edge in Cardiganshire (A
berystwyth 2008), which is th
e only Welsh site
MOrthotrichum pulchellum
Native
MOrthotrichum rivulare
Native
MOrthotrichum rupestre
Native
MOrthotrichum sp
rucei
Native
Rare
3330
25Common on the Severn, W
ye and Usk and Tyw
i and th
eir trib
utaries, also on th
e De
e, Conwy, Cleddaus, Taf and a few other rivers
MOrthotrichum stramineum
Native
MOrthotrichum striatum
Native
MOrthotrichum tenellum
Native
MOxyrrhynchium hians
Native
MOxyrrhynchium pum
ilum
Native
MOxyrrhynchium schleicheri
Native
2618
10At least 27 sites in Monmouthshire, but otherwise rare in Wales
MOxyrrhynchium sp
eciosum
Native
LPallavicinia lyellii
NT
BNa
tive
S42
VU11
622
Foun
d at single new sites in Brecknock, Carmarthenshire, Pem
brokeshire, Cardiganshire & Meirio
nydd in last 10 years, in addition to 2 known
sites in Meirio
nydd & 1 in Cardiganshire, but lost from
3 others in th
ose two coun
ties
MPalustriella com
mutata
Native
MPalustriella falcata
Native
MParaleptodontiu
m recurvifolium
ENA, B
Native
Rare
>50%
51
2S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd, lost from all but one (near Tal-y-llyn) north Wales sites (Hill, 1988) and perhaps now
extinct
LPellia endiviifolia
Native
LPellia epiphylla
Native
LPellia neesiana
Native
41
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LPetalophyllum ralfsii
Native
VU17
1655
Brow
nslade Burrows populatio
n is larger th
an all others in GB combined, recorded from
19 sites in Wales and extant in at least 17 but lost
from Morfa Bychan & Tyw
yn Burrows, apparently
increasing in south-west England (H
olyoak, 2002)
NTNT
HPhaeoceros carolinianus
Arch?
65
29Less rare th
an previously thought (Blackstock & Bosanquet, 2004), w
ith 6 extant sites in Monmouthshire and specimens fro
m Cardiganshire
(Llanfarian, 1920), Carmarthenshire (Llandinio, 1981) and Pem
brokeshire (Llan-mill, 2006)
HPhaeoceros laevis
Native
MPhascum cuspidatumvar. cuspidatum
Native
MPhascum cuspidatumvar. papillosum
WL
Native
>50%
10
0Lost from
Caernarfon, but taxonomically dubious
MPhascum cuspidatumvar. piliferum
Native
87
11Very scattered aroun
d the Welsh coast
MPhilonotis arnellii
Native
4032
36M
Philonotis caespitosa
Native
3118
23M
Philonotis calcarea
Native
CRRE
MPhilonotis cernua
EXNa
tive
Rare
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Lost from
Meirio
nydd (Cwm Bychan to 1939; Hill, 1988) and last seen in Britain in 1960, so perhaps almost extinct in Europe
MPhilonotis fontana
Native
MPhilonotis rigida
ENA
Native
>50%
136
35E
Eastern edge in Radnorshire (W
ater-break-its-neck 1965), the most inland locality in GB; rare on the north Wales coast (H
ill, 1988) and at one
site in Pem
brokeshire (near C
eibw
r Bay)
MPhilonotis seriata
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Carneddau; Hill, 1988), lost from 1 or perhaps both sites
LCNT
MPhilonotis tomentella
CRB
Native
11
6S
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Moel Hebog; Hill, 1988)
MPhyscomitrium pyriform
eNa
tive
NTLC
MPhyscomitrium sp
haericum
VUD2
Native
Rare
22
11S
Lost from
SE England, southern edge now
in Carmarthenshire (Low
er Lliedi Reservoir), also in Brecknock (Pontsticill Reservoir) (M
otley &
Bosanquet, 2005)
MPlagiobryum zieri
Native
3629
13S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire/Glamorgan
LPlagiochila asplenioides
Native
LPlagiochila bifaria
Native
LPlagiochila britannica
Native
LPlagiochila exigua
Native
1813
6S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Brechfa Forest)
LPlagiochila heterophylla
VUD2
Native
Rare
44
6S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Rheidol Bryn Bras sectio
n & Cwm Einion)
LPlagiochila porelloides
Native
LPlagiochila punctata
Native
LPlagiochila sp
inulosa
Native
MPlagiomnium
affine
Native
MPlagiomnium
cuspidatum
Native
MPlagiomnium
elatum
Native
MPlagiomnium
ellipticum
Native
MPlagiomnium
rostratum
Native
MPlagiomnium
undulatum
Native
MPlagiopus o
ederianus
Native
2214
18S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Blorenge)
MPlagiothecium cavifolium
Native
MPlagiothecium curvifolium
Native
MPlagiothecium denticulatum
Na
tive
var. denticulatum
MPlagiothecium denticulatum
Native
139
10Occasional in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008); rare in north Wales (H
ill, 1988)
var. obtusifolium
MPlagiothecium laetum
Native
2019
16Widespread in th
e north and probably under-recorded in th
e south; som
etim
es confused with
P. curvifolium
MPlagiothecium latebricola
Native
MPlagiothecium nem
orale
Native
MPlagiothecium platyphyllum
ENB
Native
22
9S
Southern edge in Caernarfon (2 sites; Hill, 1988)
MPlagiothecium su
cculentum
Native
MPlagiothecium undulatum
Native
42
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MPlasteurhynchium
striatulum
Native
2118
31Frequent on shaded carboniferous limestone
MPlatydictya jungermannioides
Native
116
10Scattered un
der overhangs in calcareous sandstone or limestone
MPlatygyrium repens
Native
88
8W
Western edge in Denbighshire (R
iver Elwy 1972; Hill, 1988), still rare in Monmouthshire (5 sites) & Brecknock (1 site) but foun
d fre
quently
on
English side of the border (M. Law
ley & R. Lansdow
n pers. com
m.) and perhaps increasing
MPlatyhypnidium
lusitanicum
Native
3727
37Locally frequent in north and mid Wales south to Carmarthenshire; probably lost from
Monmouthshire (Cleddon Shoots)
MPlatyhypnidium
riparioides
Native
MPleurid
ium acuminatum
Native
MPleurid
ium su
bulatum
Native
MPleurochaete sq
uarrosa
Native
MPleurozium
schreberi
Native
MPogonatum aloides
Native
MPogonatum nanum
Native
MPogonatum urnigerum
Native
MPohlia annotina
Native
MPohlia bulbifera
Native
MPohlia cam
ptotrachela
Native
MPohlia cruda
Native
MPohlia drummondii
Native
MPohlia elongatavar.elongata
Native
MPohlia elongatavar. greenii
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
4S
Southern edge in Caernarfon, lost from
1 of 2 sites, extant in Cw
m Id
wal
MPohlia filum
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
2Lost from
Carmarthenshire (Foel Faw
r 1965; Bosanquetet al., 2005) but recently foun
d in Radnorshire (G
arreg-ddu Reservoir 2006)
MPohlia flexuosa
Native
2117
18Occasional in north Wales (H
ill, 1988), m
id Wales and Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008) and south to Glamorgan (Craig y Llyn)
MPohlia lescuriana
Native
MPohlia ludw
igii
ENA, B
Native
>50%
31
2S
Southern edge now in Caernarfon (Cwm Dyli/Llyn Bochlwyd), lost from
Meirio
nydd and from
Cwm Id
wal & Carnedd Llewelyn
MPohlia lutescens
Native
MPohlia melanodon
Native
MPohlia nutans
Native
MPohlia proligera
DDNa
tive
11
5S
Southern edge in Denbighshire, but taxonomically confused and equivocal plants more widespread on mine spoil
MPohlia wahlenbergiivar. glacialis
CRB
Native
11
2S
Southern edge in Caernarfon
MPohlia wahlenbergiivar. wahlenbergii
Native
MPolytrichastrum alpinum
Native
MPolytrichastrum form
osum
Native
MPolytrichastrum longisetum
Native
MPolytrichum com
mune var.commune
Native
MPolytrichum com
munevar. perigoniale
Native
1817
52Recently recognised widely in west W
ales on forestry tracks and clearly under-recorded
MPolytrichum juniperin
umNa
tive
MPolytrichum piliferum
Native
MPolytrichum strictum
Native
LPorella arboris-vitae
Native
LPorella cordaeana
Native
LPorella obtusata
Native
LPorella pinnata
Native
4340
59On
e outlier in Westm
orland, otherwise northern edge in Caernarfon; British headquarters is SW Wales and SW England
LPorella platyphylla
Native
MPottiopsis caespitosa
VUD2
Native
11
3N
Northern edge in Caernarfon (Great Orm
e's He
ad; Hodgetts, 2003b), only Welsh site
LPreissia quadrata
Native
MPseudephem
erum
nitidum
Native
MPseudobryum cinclidioides
Native
119
17S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Llyn Eiddwen)
LCNT
MPseudocalliergon lycopodioides
ENB
Native
RT5
310
Extant in Glamorgan (Kenfig
) & Anglesey (New
borough), lost from Pem
brokeshire (Bosanquet, 2010)
43
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MPseudocrossidium
hornschuchianum
Native
MPseudocrossidium
revolutum
Native
MPseudoleskeella catenulata
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Carneddau; Hill, 1988)
MPseudoscleropodium
purum
Native
MPseudotaxiphyllum elegans
Native
MPterigynandrum
filiforme
RENa
tive
>50%
20
0S
Lost from
Caernarfon (3 sites, last in 1928; Hill, 1988) & Brecknock (Sennybridge 1907)
MPterogonium gracile
Native
MPterygoneurum ovatum
RENa
tive
>50%
30
0Extin
ct by 1830 (H
ill, 1988) and declining rapidly in England
LPtilidium
ciliare
Native
LPtilidium
pulcherrim
umNa
tive
2919
8Un
common and usually in small quantity
in east W
ales, probably just a casual
MPtilium
crista-castrensis
Native
97
3Ap
art from possibly introduced plants in East A
nglia and Gloucestershire, southern edge in Montgom
eryshire
MPtychomitrium polyphyllum
Native
MPylaisia polyantha
Native
119
15W
Western edge in Meirio
nydd, lost from Anglesey but recently
foun
d at several new
sites in Monmouthshire
MRacomitrium aciculare
Native
MRacomitrium affine
Native
MRacomitrium aquaticum
Native
MRacomitrium canescens
Native
96
13True R. canescens
is restricted to calcareous dunes and lim
estone hills
MRacomitrium ellipticum
Native
129
5S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Cadair Idris)
MRacomitrium elongatum
Native
MRacomitrium ericoides
Native
MRacomitrium fasciculare
Native
MRacomitrium heterostichum
Native
MRacomitrium lanuginosum
Native
NTLC
MRacomitrium macounii
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
73
17S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (A
fon Tywi, Dinas RS
PB; Bosanquet et al., 2005), also in Brecknock (N
ant Irfo
n; Woods, 2006) and recently
at 1 site in north Wales (A
fon Tryw
eryn) but only old records fro
m 5 others
MRacomitrium su
deticum
Native
LRadula aquilegia
VU-
A-, B-
Native
>50%
114
2S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Rheidol), desperate lack of recent records from
north Wales but perhaps because it is too fre
quent to
note specifically
LRadula com
planata
Native
LRadula lindenbergiana
Native
LRadula voluta
ENB
Native
Rare
85
22S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd; Hill (1988) reports 11 sites, som
e of which have been relocated by ME Ne
wton and AB
G Averis; Hydroelectric
power schem
es are th
ought to be a particular th
reat to th
is hygrophilous species.
LReboulia hem
isphaerica
Native
MRh
abdoweisia crenulata
Native
3020
18S
Southern edge in Glamorgan (Craig y Llyn)
MRh
abdoweisia crispata
Native
MRh
abdoweisia fugax
Native
MRh
izom
nium
pseudopunctatum
Native
MRh
izom
nium
punctatum
Native
MRh
odobryum
roseum
Native
MRh
ynchostegiella curviseta
RENa
tive
>50%
20
0Lost from
Monmouthshire (Llanthony Valley pre-1920, Tintern 1925; Bosanquet, 2003)
MRh
ynchostegiella tenella
Native
MRh
ynchostegiella teneriffae
Native
MRh
ynchostegium
confertum
Native
MRh
ynchostegium
megapolitanum
Native
MRh
ynchostegium
murale
Native
MRh
ytidiadelphus loreus
Native
MRh
ytidiadelphus squarrosus
Native
44
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
ENNT
MRh
ytidiadelphus subpinnatus
Native
S42
108
73S
Southern edge in Brecknock/Glamorgan (Nedd & Mellte), also in Carmarthenshire (2 extant sites) and Meirio
nydd (2 extant sites), m
ost recent
British records are fro
m Wales
MRh
ytidiadelphus triquetrus
Native
MRh
ytidium rugosum
ENA, B
Native
>50%
31
2Very rare in Snowdonia (Hill, 1988) with
records fro
m Moel Hebog (to 1979), Cw
mglas-m
awr (1960) and Craig yr ysfa (1946)
LRiccardia cham
edryfolia
Native
LRiccardia incurvata
Native
LRiccardia latifrons
Native
LRiccardia multifi
daNa
tive
LRiccardia palmata
Native
LRiccia beyrichiana
Native
2321
28Widespread on th
e coast, especially on Llyn and near St D
avid's; more scattered inland
VUVU
LRiccia canaliculata
ENA, B
Native
S42
>50%
31
10Lost from
2 of 3 north Wales sites, last seen near Beaum
aris in 1972 and not refound during several recent searches (TH Blackstock pers.
comm., 2010)
LRiccia cavernosa
Native
1410
10By
reservoirs in Monmouthshire and in dun
e pools in west W
ales and north Wales
LRiccia crozalsii
ENA, B
Native
>50%
63
11N
Northern world edge on Anglesey, lost from
4 of 6 north Wales sites but recently
foun
d new to Pem
brokeshire (Ram
sey & Skokholm)
LRiccia fluitans
Native
2119
8W
Western edge in Carmarthenshire (near W
hitla
nd)
LRiccia glauca
Native
LRiccia huebeneriana
Native
Rare
97
26No
significant d
ecline in Wales, locally abundant on 7 reservoirs in Brecknock and 1 in Carmarthenshire (M
otley & Bosanquet, 2005), also on
the Afon Teifi and Lake Vyrnw
y, alth
ough perhaps lost from
Anglesey (Llyn Llyw
enan 1952; Hill, 1988) and 1 site in Carmarthenshire (Talley
Lakes 1907)
ENEN
LRiccia nigrella
ENB
Native
S42
32
40N
Northern world edge in Meirio
nydd, status in Barmouth and at H
arlech Castle needs to be ascertained, secure in Radnorshire (Stann
er Rocks)
LRiccia so
rocarpa
Native
LRiccia su
bbifurca
Native
LRicciocarpos natans
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
1W
Western edge in Denbighshire (W
rexham
ponds), now only extant Welsh site if still present (H
ill, 1988), lost from Monmouthshire (M
agor)
LSaccogyna viticulosa
Native
MSanionia uncinata
Native
MSarm
entypnum
exannulatum
Native
MSarm
entypnum
sarm
entosum
Native
LScapania aequiloba
Native
98
7S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire/Brecknock (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
LScapania aspera
Native
LScapania calcicola
CRB
Native
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Southern edge in Brecknock where not looked for since 1965 (Woods, 2006), outlying fro
m Perthshire
LScapania com
pacta
Native
LScapania cuspiduligera
Native
106
14S
Southern edge in Glamorgan (Mum
bles Head 1969), in at least 12 sites in limestone hills of Monmouthshire, Brecknock & Carmarthenshire
LScapania gracilis
Native
NTNT
LScapania gym
nostom
ophila
ENB
Native
22
14S
Yes
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Bannau Sir G
aer), also in Caernarfon (Cwmglas-bach)
LScapania irrigua
Native
LScapania lingulata
Native
66
25S
Southern edge in Brecknock/Pem
brokeshire, scattered upland and coastal sites
LScapania nem
orea
Native
LScapania nimbosa
RENa
tive
Rare
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Lost from
Caernarfon (Cwm Cneifion 1909; Hill, 1988), now
southern edge in South Ebudes
LScapania ornith
opodioides
ENB
Native
22
2S
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Clogw
yn Du'r A
rddu, Cwm Id
wal & Ysgolion Du
on; Hill, 1988)
NTLC
LScapania paludicola
Native
1717
89Very high proportio
n of British records come fro
m neutra
l or acid mires in mid Wales, w
here new
sites continue to be discovered
LScapania paludosa
ENB
Native
22
10S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd (Llyn Cw
morthin), also in Caernarfon (Nant Ffra
ncon)
LScapania scandica
Native
LScapania su
balpina
Native
LScapania uliginosa
ENB
Native
55
6On
e outlier in Black Mountains of H
erefordshire, otherwise southern edge in Cardiganshire (Pum
limon)
LScapania umbrosa
Native
LScapania undulata
Native
MSchistidium agassizii
VUD2
Native
43
19S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd
MSchistidium apocarpum
Native
45
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
MSchistidium confertum
WL
Native
75
26S
Lost from
Devon, southern edge now
in Radnorshire (south of A
bbey Cwmhir 1966; Rothero, 2004) or C
ardiganshire (Cwmystwyth 2004)
MSchistidium crassipilum
Native
DDLC
MSchistidium elegantulum
WL
Native
43
13Poorly recorded in Britain, hence south Wales biased distrib
ution of com
bined elegantulum& wilsonii; widespread on concrete
DDVU
MSchistidium flaccidum
CRB
Native
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Llyn d'ur Arddu 1967; Tow
nsend, 1997), 1 of only 2 know
n GB
sites, th
e other being on Mull
NENT
MSchistidium frigidum
var. frigidum
DDNa
tive
>50%
42
18S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Craig Cerrig
Gleisiad 1999; Rothero, 2004; Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
NENT
MSchistidium frigidum
var. havaasii
DDNa
tive
>50%
20
0S
Yes
Southern edge in Caernarfon (Cwm Dyli &
Clogw
yn d'ur A
rddu; Tow
nsend, 1997; Rothero, 2004)
NEDD
MSchistidium helveticum
DDNa
tive
11
50S
Yes
Southern edge in Montgom
eryshire (Breidden Hill), recently
discovered new to th
e UK
in Scotla
nd and too poorly known to evaluate
MSchistidium maritimum
Native
NTNT
MSchistidium papillosum
DDNa
tive
DD2
222
SYes
Southern edge in Brecknock (Craig Cerrig
Gleisiad 1999; Rothero, 2004), alth
ough identifi
catio
n questio
nable (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)
MSchistidium platyphyllum
Native
MSchistidium pruinosum
VUD2
Native
33
14S
Southern edge in Radnorshire (Rock Dingle & Stann
er), where collected in 2008, also foun
d in Montgom
eryshire (Breidden Hill) in 2009
MSchistidium rivulare
Native
MSchistidium robustum
WL
Native
22
5S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Rothero, 2004), w
here scattered aroun
d Craig y Cilau, also in Denbighshire (W
orld's End)
MSchistidium strictum
Native
MSchistidium trichodon
CR-
BNa
tive
DD>50%
10
0S
Southern edge was Caernarfon, now
perhaps extinct but dow
ngraded to CR- because of identificatio
n difficulties peculiar to Schistidium
(Clogw
yn du'r A
rddu 1907; Hill, 1988)
MSchistostega pennata
Native
MSciuro-hypnum plumosum
Native
MSciuro-hypnum populeum
Native
MScleropodium
cespitans
Native
MScleropodium
touretii
Native
VUVU
MScopelophila cataractae
ENB
Arch?
S42
33
29At th
ree vulnerable metal-toxic sites in Glamorgan (Llansam
let), Cardiganshire (Pontrhydygroes) and Caernarfon (Abersoch)
MScorpidium
cossonii
Native
MScorpidium
revolvens
Native
MScorpidium
scorpioides
Native
MScorpiurium circinatum
Native
2720
15N
Northern edge on Anglesey (several sites)
MSeligeria acutifolia
Native
129
23Reasonably com
mon on upland limestone in south Wales
VUVU
MSeligeria brevifolia
CRB
Native
DD1
125
SSouthern edge in Caernarfon (Cwmglas-m
awr; Hill, 1988), only Welsh site
VUNT
MSeligeria cam
pylopoda
VUD2
Native
DD5
571
NNo
rthern edge in Monmouthshire, core of GB populatio
n is in Wye Valley (Blockeel et al., 2000) where 6 populations exist in Monmouthshire,
there are also 2 outliers in north-west M
onmouthshire
MSeligeria donniana
Native
86
5Occasional on upland limestone in south Wales; rare further n
orth
NEVU
MSeligeria oelandica
VUD2
Native
DD1
1100
ERecently foun
d in Brecknock (Craig y Cilau NN
R 2009), otherwise know
n in UK only from
one site in Fermanagh.
DDDD
MSeligeria patula
VUD2
Native
DD1
15
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Blorenge SSSI), also in Brecknock (Craig y Cilau NN
R) but not looked for recently
at 2nd Brecknock site
(Tarren yr Esgob 1965; Woods, 2006), probably all 'S. trifaria
' is S. patula
MSeligeria pusilla
Native
1810
9Slightly more widespread than S. acutifoliabut often growing with
itM
Seligeria recurvata
Native
VUVU
MSematophyllum dem
issum
VUD2
Native
Rare
54
100
EEntire GB
population is in north Wales, m
ost populations are small and very vulnerable except for th
e one at Coed Ga
nllwyd
NTNT
MSematophyllum su
bstrum
ulosum
VUD2
Native
22
25N
Northern edge in Pem
brokeshire (A
mroth & Stackpole), where only 2 Welsh colonies
VUVU
LSolenostom
a caespiticium
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
8Records fro
m 1965 & 1972 fro
m Radnorshire are only ones in Wales
LSolenostom
a confertissimum
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Foel Faw
r 1965; Bosanquet et al., 2005) where only Welsh site, not refoun
d on several recent visits
LSolenostom
a gracillimum
Native
LSolenostom
a hyalinum
Native
LSolenostom
a obovatum
Native
4024
8S
Southern edge in Glamorgan (Cwm Clydach)
LSolenostom
a paroicum
Native
RTL
Solenostom
a sphaerocarpum
Native
LSolenostom
a subellipticum
VU-
B-Na
tive
75
6Occasional in th
e Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008), very rare in Snowdonia (Hill, 1988)
46
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
VUVU
LSouthbya tophacea
Native
66
75N
Northern world edge in Flintshire (D
dol 1973; Hill, 1988), if still extant, otherwise on Anglesey (Tyw
yn Aberffra
w, to 2004 at least), also 2 sites
in Pem
brokeshire & 1 in Glamorgan
MSphagnum
affine
Native
1010
17S
Southern edge in Meirio
nydd, occasional in north Wales (H
ill, 1988)
MSphagnum
angustifolium
Native
2726
27Widespread and probably still under-recorded
MSphagnum
austin
iiVU
D2Na
tive
44
4Present in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno), Meirio
nydd (Cors Go
ch, Trawsfynydd
ENEN
MSphagnum
balticum
ENA, B
Native
>50%
21
14S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire; not seen durin
g recent searches at main site (Cors Caron 1967; Hale, 1998), but new
colony discovered in
2009 (Cors Craig y Bw
lch)
MSphagnum
capillifolium
subsp. capillifolium
Native
1212
63Poorly understood, eith
er locally frequent on bogs (SDS
B pers. obs.) or very rare (M
.O. Hill pers. com
m.)
MSphagnum
capillifolium
subsp. rubellum
Native
MSphagnum
com
pactum
Native
MSphagnum
contortum
Native
MSphagnum
cuspidatum
Native
MSphagnum
denticulatum
Native
MSphagnum
fallax
Native
MSphagnum
fimbriatum
Native
MSphagnum
flexuosum
Native
MSphagnum
fuscum
ENB
Native
33
1Present in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno), Meirio
nydd (Cors Go
ch, Trawsfynydd)
MSphagnum
girgensohnii
Native
MSphagnum
inundatum
Native
MSphagnum
magellanicum
Native
MSphagnum
molle
Native
MSphagnum
palustrevar. centrale
DDNa
tive
11
33Very poorly
understood and probably not as rare as the single Welsh record suggests
MSphagnum
palustrevar.palustre
Native
MSphagnum
papillosum
Native
MSphagnum
platyphyllum
Native
2019
40S
Southern edge in Pem
brokeshire, w
here locally frequent (15+ sites around Mynydd Preseli)
MSphagnum
pulchrum
VUD2
Native
55
16Present in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno & Cors Caron), M
ontgom
eryshire (Cors Dy
fi)M
Sphagnum
quinquefariu
mNa
tive
MSphagnum
ripariu
mVU
D2Na
tive
11
4On
ly Welsh site is on An
glesey (Jones et al., 2006), perhaps lost from
Berkshire
MSphagnum
russow
iiNa
tive
NTNT
MSphagnum
skyense
DDNa
tive
DD1
18
SYes
Southern world edge in Cardiganshire (Bryn Bras), but likely to be foun
d in Snowdonia if looked for
MSphagnum
squarrosum
Native
MSphagnum
strictum
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Southern edge was in Meirio
nydd (Bwych Tydiad, Rhinogs; Hill, 1988) but not looked for recently
, disjunct from Kircudbrightshire
MSphagnum
subnitens
var.subnitens
Native
MSphagnum
subsecundum
Native
2821
28Very uncom
mon at scattered sites, perhaps com
monest in Cardiganshire (Llyn Eiddwen) and Caernarfon (Cors Graianog)
MSphagnum
tenellum
Native
MSphagnum
teres
Native
MSphagnum
warnstorfii
Native
3329
17S
Southern edge in Brecknock
LSphenolobopsis pearsonii
Native
Rare
1612
13S
Southern edge in Brecknock (W
aterfalls area)
MSplachnum ampullaceum
ENA
Native
>50%
3618
10Lost from
Carmarthenshire and various sites in most other vice-coun
ties because of decline in cattle grazing on wetlands
MSplachnum sp
haericum
Native
MStraminergon stramineum
Native
MSyntrichia laevipila
Native
MSyntrichia latifolia
Native
MSyntrichia montana
Native
MSyntrichia papillosa
Native
47
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LCNT
MSyntrichia princeps
VUD2
Native
11
5On
ly Welsh population on Moel Hebog appears stable (SDS
B pers. obs., 2003)
MSyntrichia ruralis
var.ruraliformis
Native
MSyntrichia ruralis
var.ruralis
Native
MSyntrichia virescens
Native
77
4W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire (M
ilford Ha
ven)
LTargionia hypophylla
NT
BArch?
1712
26Lost from
one site in Carmarthenshire and present in tiny quantity
at other S Wales sites; slightly com
moner in east W
ales (eg Stanner
Rocks); w
idely scattered in sun
ny sites on Llyn and An
glesey
MTaxiphyllum wissgrillii
Native
MTetraphis p
ellucida
Native
MTetraplodon angustatus
RENa
tive
>50%
10
0S
Yes
Lost from
Caernarfon (Snowdon, 1899; Hill, 1988), now
southern edge in Perthshire
MTetraplodon mnioides
Native
MTetrodontiu
m brownianum
Native
MTham
nobryum alopecurum
Native
MThuidium
assimile
Native
MThuidium
delicatulum
Native
MThuidium
recognitu
mVU
-B-
Native
64
11On
limestone pavem
ent in several places in north-east W
ales (H
ill, 1988) and at one in Monmouthshire (G
reat Barnets Woods)
MThuidium
tamariscinum
Native
LCVU
MTomentypnum
nitens
NT
BNa
tive
74
7S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (H
en-draws); lost from several north Wales sites (K. Birch pers. com
m.)
MTortella bam
bergeri
Native
2119
51S
Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Bosanquet, 2006a), recently recognised in Britain and certainly un
der-recorded
MTortella densa
VUD2
Native
11
4On
ly recorded on Great O
rme's He
ad (H
odgetts, 2003b)
MTortella flavovirens
Native
MTortella inclinata
NT
BNa
tive
1310
29Lost from
several sites in south Wales but still present in Glamorgan (Pennard Burrows), as well as on Anglesey (Tyw
yn Aberffra
w,
Newborough, Cors Go
ch; Hill, 1988) and Meirio
nydd (M
orfa Dyffry
n, Morfa Harlech; Hill, 1988)
MTortella nitida
Native
MTortella tortuosa
Native
MTortula atrovirens
Native
3122
28Locally com
mon on the Pembrokeshire coast, on Llyn and Anglesey
MTortula canescens
ENA, B
Native
>50%
62
11On
e outlier in Kintyre, otherwise northern edge in Meirio
nydd where extant at one site (near H
arlech), lost from
Pem
brokeshire & Radnorshire
but presumably still on Roun
dton Hill
ENEN
MTortula cuneifolia
ENA, B
Native
S42
>50%
52
14N
Northern edge in Caernarfon (Bardsey), lost from
Pem
brokeshire & Anglesey, otherwise only extant at one site in Meirio
nydd (near H
arlech)
MTortula lanceola
Native
MTortula marginata
Native
MTortula modica
Native
MTortula muralis
Native
MTortula protobryoides
Native
1511
6W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire (Castlemartin
Range)
MTortula schimperi
DDNa
tive
>50%
10
0No
specimen backs up Monmouthshire record of var. angustata(Black Mountains 19th century), no Welsh specimens of T. schimperilocated
by Smith
(2008)
MTortula subulata
Native
MTortula truncata
Native
MTortula virid
ifolia
Native
ENVU
MTortula wilsonii
ENA, B
Native
S42
>50%
184
15N
Dram
atic decline, northern lim
it may now
be in Pem
brokeshire, w
here 3 colonies remain, but status in Meirio
nydd (nr A
berdovey 1974;
TBDB
) needs to be ascertained
LTrichocolea tomentella
Native
MTrichodon cylindricus
Native
MTrichostom
um brachydontiu
mNa
tive
MTrichostom
um crispulum
Native
MTrichostom
um tenuirostre
Native
LTritomaria exsecta
Native
159
8S
Southern edge in Brecknock (Pen y Cae; W
oods 2006), apparently
lost from
Monmouthshire
LTritomaria exsectiformis
Native
48
GB Red List 2005
GB Red List 2011
MLH
Taxon
Wales Red List
Criteria
Native/alien status
Section 42 Wales
Europe Red List
Significant decline?
Wales hectads (all records)
Wales extant (post-1970)
Prop (%) of GB population
Edge of GB range?
Disjunct from Scotland?
Comments
LTritomaria quinquedentata
Native
MUlota bruchii
Native
MUlota calvescens
ENA, B
Native
>50%
31
1E
Eastern edge was in Meirio
nydd, but not recorded th
ere since 1970; only recent record was a casual colony in Pem
brokeshire (Lam
phey)
MUlota coarctata
RENa
tive
RT>50%
20
0Lost from
Meirio
nydd (3 sites; Hill, 1988)
MUlota crispa
Native
MUlota drum
mondii
Native
118
3S
Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Mwyro)
MUlota hutchinsiae
ENA, B
Native
>50%
114
2Lost from
Carmarthenshire, rare in north Wales (H
ill, 1988), perhaps genuinely declining
MUlota phyllantha
Native
MWarnstorfia fluitans
Native
MWeissia brachycarpa
var.brachycarpa
Native
98
10Probably much commoner in arable fields and on road verges than th
e few records suggest
MWeissia brachycarpa
var. obliqua
Native
MWeissia controversa
var. controversa
Native
MWeissia controversa
var. crispata
Native
1211
39Very com
mon on the south Wales coastal limestone
MWeissia controversa
var. densifolia
Native
3433
45Probably widespread un
der drip
ping metal roofs, crash barriers etc; officially only on lead mines, but ubiquito
us on them
ENEN
MWeissia levieri
ENB
Native
S42
Rare
22
40N
Northern world edge in Glamorgan (Gow
er), where still locally frequent (Bosanquet, 2008a)
MWeissia longifolia
var. angustifolia
Native
MWeissia longifolia
var. longifolia
Native
CRCR
MWeissia multicapsularis
CRB
Native
EN1
18
NNo
rthern edge was Monmouthshire, w
here last seen in 1981, now
restricted to Cornw
all
MWeissia perssonii
Native
Rare
2828
29Common on the coast and not th
reatened at all
MWeissia rostellata
Native
Rare
88
19W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire (Red Hill & Llys y Fran Reservoir), not seen recently on An
glesey (Llyn Alaw
1988 & Cefni Reservoir 1971) or
Cardiganshire (Llechryd 1995) but extant in Carm
arthenshire (G
lan Myddyfi) & Monmouthshire (D
ingestow
& Wentwood Reservoir)
MWeissia rutilans
Native
VUNT
MWeissia sq
uarrosa
VUD2
Arch?
S42
Rare
43
12W
Western edge in Pem
brokeshire (2 sites), largest known GB
colony is in Monmouthshire (Bosanquet & Preston, 2005), but species is likely to
be under-recorded
VUNT
MWeissia sterilis
VUD2
Native
Rare
11
3N
Northern edge in Montgom
eryshire (Roundton Hill 1975; TBD
B) status needs to be assessed at its only Welsh site
MZygodon conoideusvar. conoideus
Native
MZygodon rupestris
Native
MZygodon virid
issimus
var.stirtonii
Native
MZygodon virid
issimus
var. virid
issimus
Native
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
49
9. Excluded taxaSix taxa that are thought to be neophytes in Wales have been excluded from the analysis,as have 19 varieties and four species recognised in the 1998 Census Catalogue butexcluded from the 2008 equivalent. They are all given the IUCN category of Not Applicable(NA) for the purpose of this study. Several of the varieties would qualify as threatened ifthey were shown to be taxonomically valid because of declines (4 taxa), apparent regionalextinction (7 taxa), or restricted ranges (2 taxa); they are marked * below. In some casesthe apparent extinction is because recent recorders have ignored the taxon, but some ofthem are likely to be genuinely rare. Two of the neophytes, marked # below, are rare inWales and would qualify as Vulnerable if proven to be native.
Taxon Wales Red Reason(s) for exclusionData List
Atrichum crispum NA NeophyteCampylopus introflexus NA NeophyteDidymodon umbrosus# NA NeophyteHennediella stanfordensis NA NeophyteLophocolea semiteres# NA NeophyteOrthodontium lineare NA NeophyteBryum capillare var. rufifolium* NA Synonymous with var. capillareBryum neodamense* NA Synonymous with B. pseudotriquetrumCampylopus atrovirens var. gracilis* NA Synonymous with var. atrovirensCampylopus pyriformis var. azoricus NA Synonymous with var. pyriformisCtenidium molluscum var. fastigiatum* NA Synonymous with var. molluscumDitrichum zonatum var. scabrifolium NA Synonymous with var. zonatumFissidens exiguus* NA Synonymous with F. pusillusFontinalis antipyretica var. gigantea NA Synonymous with var. antipyreticaFontinalis squamosa var. dixonii* NA Synonymous with var. squamosaFossombronia caespitiformis s.str.* NA F. husnotii now synonymous with F. caespitiformis so latter is not
threatenedGrimmia pulvinata var. africana* NA Synonymous with var. pulvinataHygrohypnum luridum var. subsphaericarpon* NA Synonymous with var. luridumHypnum lacunosum var. tectorum NA Synonymous with H. cupressiformeOrthotrichum cupulatum var. riparium NA Synonymous with var. cupulatumPlagiothecium ruthei NA Synonymous with P. denticulatumPolytrichum commune var. humile* NA Synonymous with var. perigonialePterigynandrum filiforme var. majus* NA Synonymous with var. filiformeSchistidium elegantulum subsp. wilsonii NA Synonymous with var. elegantulumTortella flavovirens var. glareicola NA Synonymous with var. flavovirensTortula muralis var. aestiva NA Synonymous with var. muralisTortula subulata var. graeffii NA Synonymous with var. subulataTortula subulata var. subinermis* NA Synonymous with var. subulataTrichostomum tenuirostre var. holtii* NA Synonymous with var. tenuirostre
A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
50
10. AcknowledgementsThanks go to the British Bryological Society vice-county recorders: 35 & 45 SamBosanquet; 41 Roy Perry; 42 & 43 Ray Woods; 44 Graham Motley; 46 Alan Hale; 47-52 TimBlackstock. Records from all of them, as well as other active Welsh recorders, helped in thedevelopment of this Red Data List. Chris Preston at the Biological Records Centre (BRC)supplied hectad counts for Wales almost as soon as requested and modified these countswhere necessary to take account of taxonomic splits and other changes. Mark Hill at BRChas been critically checking records for many years and was instrumental in documentingthe rich bryophyte flora of north Wales.
Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru
51
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Blom, H.H. (1996), A revision of the Schistidium apocarpum complex in Norway andSweden. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 49. J. Cramer, Berlin & Stuttgart.
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Bosanquet, S.D.S. & Motley, G.S. (2008), The bryophytes of upland sandstone cliffs in theWestern and Central Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales. CCW Staff Science Report.
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A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales
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SummaryThis report assesses the threats to those Welsh plants that belong to threegroups: mosses, liverworts and hornworts, collectively known as bryophytes.Despite their relatively small size, these plants play a critical role in Welshecosystems – especially water regulation and nutrient cycling – as well asimparting the ‘mossy’ appearance so characteristic of the Welsh uplands,woodlands and wetlands.
Wales supports, or has supported, almost three quarters of the 1110 British bryophytespecies, but many of our 811 species are under threat of extinction. Habitat loss anddegradation are still the most significant threats, enhanced by exceptionally highnutrient levels in the general environment and ongoing climate change. Already, 26mosses and liverworts (3%) are believed to have been lost from Wales in the last 150years, many of them from Snowdonia. Another 173 have shown such significantdeclines, and/or have such restricted ranges that they are threatened with extinction –18 (2%) are Critically Endangered, 64 (8%) are Endangered, 64 (8%) are Vulnerable, 12(1%) are Near Threatened, and 15 (2%) are thought to be threatened but lacksufficient information for a full assessment.
Thus, 34% of the Welsh bryophyte flora requires action to safeguard it for the future,or to understand its true status. This figure is the same as that for Great Britain as awhole, but is made up of a different selection of species reflecting regional priorities.It is hoped that identifying mosses and liverworts that are specifically threatened inWales will help with prioritising future conservation actions and will highlight thoseplants that most urgently need protection.
CrynodebMae’r adroddiad hwn yn asesu’r bygythiadau sy’n wynebu’r planhigion Cymreigsy’n perthyn i dri grŵp; Mwsoglau, Llysiau Afu a Chyrnddail. Gyda’i gilydd,adwaenir y grwpiau hyn fel Bryoffytau. Er eu bod yn blanhigion cymharol fychanmaen nhw’n rhan allweddol o ecosystemau Cymru – yn enwedig o ran rheoleiddiodŵr a chylchu maetholion. Maen nhw hefyd yn creu’r naws ‘fwsoglaidd’ sydd mornodweddiadol o ucheldiroedd, coedwigoedd a gwlyptiroedd Cymru.
Mae Cymru yn cynnal, neu wedi cynnal, bron i dri chwarter o’r 1110 o rywogaethgau ofryoffytau sydd i’w cael ledled Prydain. Ond mae nifer fawr o’r 811 rhywogaeth syddgennym yma yng Nghymru yn wynebu difodiant. Diflaniad a dirywiad cynefinoeddyw’r prif fygythiadau o hyd, ac mae’r lefelau uchel iawn o faetholion yn yramgylchedd cyffredinol a hefyd newidiadau yn yr hinsawdd yn cyfrannu at yreffeithiau niweidiol hyn. Eisoes tybir bod 26 o fwsoglau a llysiau afu (3%) wedidiflannu o Gymru yn ystod y 150 mlynedd ddiwethaf – nifer ohonynt o Eryri. Maepoblogaethau 173 o rywogaethau eraill wedi dirywio i’r fath raddau ac/neu wedicrebachu o ran dosbarthiad fel eu bod yn syrthio i gategorïau bygythiadau yr IUCN –mae 18 (2%) mewn Perygl Enbyd; mae 64 (8%) mewn Perygl ; mae 64 (8%) yn Fregus;ac mae 12 (1%) yn agos at fod dan Fygythiad – tra bod prinder gwybodaeth yn golygunad oes modd priodoli categori bygythiad i 15 (2%) ohonynt.
Felly mae angen gweithredu mewn perthynas â 34% o fflora bryoffytau Cymru ermwyn sicrhau dyfodol i’r elfen bwysig hon o’n hamgylchedd naturiol neu i ddeall eistatws gwirioneddol. Mae’r ffigur hwn yr un peth ar gyfer Prydain gyfan ond maeangen rhoi sylw i wahanol rywogaethau mewn gwahanol rannau o Brydain, yn ôlblaenoriaethau rhanbarthol. Gobeithir y bydd y gwaith o adnabod mwsoglau a llysiauafu sydd dan fygythiad yng Nghymru yn helpu blaenoriaethu gweithgareddcadwraethol yn y dyfodol ac yn helpu adnabod y planhigion hynny sydd angen sylwbrys os am eu gwarchod.
Featured speciesThese two species have been selected to illustrate the value of producing a Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales.
Green Blackwort (Southbya tophacea)Vulnerable in Great Britain but Least Concern in Wales
This leafy liverwort is characteristic of Mediterranean Europe, and is veryclose to the northern edge of its global range on Anglesey. It is restricted tolime-rich ground where there is an almost constant seepage of water. The Anglesey colony is in a dune slack, and there are three further coloniesin south Wales on limestone cliff slopes: two in Pembrokeshire and one inthe Vale of Glamorgan.
The decline in England that led to the Red List status at the British levelhas not been apparent in Wales, although invasion with non-nativeCotoneaster threatens one Pembrokeshire site and a colony in Flintshirehas not been surveyed for a number of years.
Drooping-leaved Beard-moss (Paraleptodontium recurvifolium)Least Concern in Great Britain but Endangered in Wales
Drooping-leaved Beard-moss is a beautiful yellow-green species with long,tapering, toothed leaves that all curve downwards, and a tongue-twistingscientific name.
It grew in small quantity in at least 8 sites in north Wales, in areas with highhumidity, seeping water and slightly limey rock. Many of the sites have beenrevisited regularly in recent years, and Paraleptodontium could not be found:only two sites in Snowdonia have recent (post-1980) records.
At least three of the ravines where Drooping-leaved Beard-moss was recordedin the past have been considered for hydro-electric power generation,although no HEP schemes have been installed on these ravines yet. HEP isbelieved to be a significant threat, potentially causing reduced spray andhumidity around Paraleptodontium colonies. The ability of this species tocope with environmental change is uncertain, but its extremely restrictedrange and tendency to occur in small quantity on any site where it growssuggest that it is unlikely to be particularly flexible.
Cover imageOrobus-seed Liverwort (Targionia hypophylla)© Jonathan Sleath
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