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Gen info
Native to South America, The first species recorded in the Philippines was
Bougainvillea spectabilis. The other species, B. glabra and B. peruviana were
introduced much later. The cultivated hybrids have produced a considerable
variety in size, color, form and numbers of showy bracts. The genus is derivesits name from Antoiine de Bougainville, first Frenchman to cross the Pacific.
Botany
Bogambilya is a woody climber that can grow to a height of more than 10
meters, with large thorny stems and long drooping branches. The leaves are
dark green, petioled, alternate, ovate, with entire margins, 6 to 10
centimeters long, broadest near the base. Thorns are the axils assist the
plant in climbing. Flowers are in groups of threes, forming clusters at the
terminal portion of the branches, each group subtended by three, broad,
purplish, oblong-ovate and acuminate bracts, about 3 to 5 centimeters long.Flowers are small, each inserted on a bract, tubular, inflated midway through
its length, of varying colors.
Numerous cultivars are cultivated in the Philippines, with single or multiple
bracts, in varied colors of red, purple, pink, yellow or white.
Constituents
- Reported constituents on B. glabra are pinitol, betacyanine, flavonoids,
tannins and alkaloids.
- Study showed the presence of plastid-bound oxalic acid oxidase in the
leaves.
- Studies have isolated flavonoids, phenolic compounds, ribosome
inactivating proteins, amylase inhibitors, oxidase and pinitol.
Properties
- Leaves considered to have antiinflammatory activity.
- Considered anti-diabetic, antibacterial.
- Pinitol considered antidiabetic.
Parts utilized
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Leaves, stems, flowers
Uses
Folkloric
- Not known in the Philippines for any medicinal use.
- Traditional practitioners in Mandsaur use the leaves for a variety of
disorders, for diarrhea, and to reduce stomach acidity.
- Used for cough and sore throat.
- For blood vessels and leucorrhea: a decoction of dried flowers, 10 g in 4
glasses of water.
- For hepatitis, a decoction of dried stems, 10 g in 4 glasses of water.
- In Panama, an infusion of the flowers of B. glabra used as treatment for low
blood pressure.
- Nupe people of Niger use a crude extract of leaves for diabetes.
The plant can reach over thirty feet. It can either be vines, trees, or shrubs
with sharp thorns. The leaves of the bougainvillea are shaped like little hearts
with drip tips at the ends. They are dark rich green and look almost like ivy
leaves. On the underside of the leaves there are little hairs. The flowers of the
bougainvillea can be several different colors, from pink, to red, to orange, towhite and yellow. They are small tubes with three papery bracts around them.
The flowers grow all over the canes and vines. The root system of the
bougainvillea is very fragile and doesn't form a good firm root ball.
Bougainvillea has many adaptations to its climate and environment. It has
many hooks so it can cling and hold onto other plants for support. Also, it can
grow in full sunlight to semi-shade. It also has become a houseplant so it can
survive house climates, and the Amazon's warm wet climate. The leaves have
drip tips so it can get rid of the rushing water fast and not get weighed down
by the water.
The plant of bougainvillea is very abundant in the wild and is not endangered
at all. It is not endangered because when it is vine like it spreads very quickly
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even though it does not have seeds and also it is almost insect-free. Great
thorns protect it.
In conclusion, the bougainvillea is a very wonderful plant and has its own
unique way of life. It leaves and flowers are very unusual also. It can grow in
many different ways from shrubs to vines to trees. It also lives in a very
interesting place.
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