Booklet 3 Ionic Bonding - quigleyscience.weebly.com · Chemistry Agenda 11/18-11/21/2016 Organic...

Booklet 3Ionic Bonding

Chemistry Agenda Day 1

✘ Lecture - Chemical Formulas✘ Activity - Chemical Formulas Card Game✘ Practice - Chemical Formulas

Chemical Formulas

Chemical Symbols: Letters used to represent elements

Chemical Formulas: combinations of chemical symbols and numbers that represent a molecule or compound

Chemical Formulas

Subscripts: small subscript number that indicates the atoms of each element in a molecule or compound

Chemical Formulas

Writing a chemical formula:✘ In ionic compounds, the

metallic element is always written first and the nonmetal is written second

Chemical Formulas

Parentheses- When an element is in ( ) with a subscript, you have to multiply each element by that subscript

Example: Ca3(PO4)2 has:✘ 3 Ca✘ 2 P✘ 8 O

✗ Ca3(PO4)2 has a total of 13 atomsExample: Mg(OH)2 has:

✘ 1 Mg✘ 2 O✘ 2 H

✗ Mg(OH)2 has a total of 5 atoms

Stop: End of Lecture

Chemistry Agenda Day 2

✘ Lecture - Chemical Bonds✗ AumSum Video - Ionic Bonds

✘ Demos✘ Practice - Hunting for Charges

Chemical Bonds

✘ Bonds are forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit.

✘ What makes chemical bonds?✗ Electrons!✗ Which electrons?

■ VALENCE ELECTRONS!

✘ Properties of the materials are based on the types of chemical bonds in the material

Metallic Bonds

✘ Metallic bonds: form from a large scale sharing of valence electrons (sea of electrons).

✘ Examples: Zn, Au, Mg✘ Properties

✗ Most are solid (except Hg)✗ High melting point✗ Not soluble in water✗ Conduct electricity✗ Ductile and Malleable

■ Can be pulled into wires and smashed flat

AumSum Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEdRcfyYnSQ

Ions

✘ When an element gains or loses an electron it becomes charged. An ion is an element with a charge.

✘ Cation: A positive ion✗ Mg2+, NH4

+

✘ Anion: A negative ion✗ Cl-, SO4

2-

Ionic Bonding

✘ Ionic bonding occurs between metals and nonmetals. Cations and Anions (Ions)

✘ The bond involves the transfer of electrons.

Ionic Compounds

✘ Examples✗ NaCl, CaF2, KNO3

✘ Properties✗ Hard, crystalline solids with high melting point✗ Non-Conductive unless in solution or melted✗ Usually soluble in water✗ Often called “salts”

✘ The Net charge of an ionic compound must be zero

Polyatomic Ions✘ A polyatomic ion is an ion made of more than one atom

✗ NH4 +✗ OH -✗ CO3

2-

✘ The charge given to a polyatomic ion applies to the entire group of atoms

✘ Although an ionic compound containing one or more polyatomic ions contains more than two atoms, the polyatomic ion acts as an individual ion (it always bonds as one unit) and follows the same rules as binary compounds

Stop: End of Lecture

Chemistry Agenda Day 3

✘ Lecture - Naming and Writing Ionic Compounds✘ Practice - Naming and Writing Ionic Compounds✘ LTA - Ionic Compounds

Naming Ionic Compounds

Name the cation first and the anion second

Cations use the element name

Anions take their name from the root of the element name, plus the suffix – ide

a.Example: KCl is written Potassium Chlorideb.Example: NaF is written Sodium Fluoride

You do: MgO, Na2S and CaBr2

Naming Ionic Compounds

Metals with variable charges are identified with roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, V). The roman numeral indicates the CHARGE

✘ Example: Fe2+ and O2- (FeO) would be Iron (II) oxide.✘ Example: Fe3+ and O2- (Fe2O3) is written as Iron (III)

oxideYou do:

✘ Cu2+ and F2- ✘ Au+ and I-

Naming Ionic CompoundsIf the compound contains a polyatomic ion, just use the name of the ion✘ Example: LiOH would be written as lithium

hydroxide ✘ Example: (NH4)2S is written as ammonium

sulfideYou do:✘ MgCO3✘ KBrO3

Naming Ionic Compounds

1. Work on naming ionic compounds. Careful when using polyatomic ions

Stop: End of Lecture

Chemistry Agenda Day 4

✘ Lab - Ionic Compounds Lab✘ Work Time / Review

Chemistry Agenda 11/29/17-11/30/17

1. Writing Ionic Compounds Practicea. Front and back of the worksheet. Practice makes

perfect!b. Turn in when completedc. Turn in POGIL: Naming Ionic Compounds

2. Covalent Bonds Lecturea. How to name binary covalent compoundsb. Lewis Structures (Electron dot diagrams)

Covalent Bonds

✘ A Covalent Bond is when atoms share electrons in order to fill their valence (outer) shell✗ Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple✗ A filled valence shell is a stable electron

configuration✗ Bonds are between Non-Metal Elements

Properties of Covalent Compounds

✘ Covalent compounds are materials that are made up of covalently bonded molecules

✘ In General, they have the following properties:✗ Low boiling point✗ Low melting point✗ Do not conduct electricity

✘ Some are soluble in water✗ Depends on polarity✗ Un-equal sharing of electrons

Examples of Covalent Compounds

✘ Organic Compounds✘ Diatomic Elements

✗ BrINClHOF✘ Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide✘ Water, Ammonia✘ Acids:

✗ HCl, HF, H2SO4, HNO3

Naming Binary Covalent Compounds1. The naming system is for compounds consisting of two

non-metallic elements2. The first element keeps its name

a. The first element gets a PREFIX only if there is more than one atom in the formula (compound)

3. The second element gets the -ide suffixa. The second element ALWAYS gets a PREFIX

Prefixes:1. Mono

2. Di3. Tri4. Tetra5. Penta6. Hexa7. Hepta

Naming Binary Compounds

Carbon DioxideDinitrogen MonoxideDiphosphorus PentoxideH2OCCl4

Lewis Dot Diagrams/Structures

Lewis Dot Diagrams/Structures show the valence electrons around an element with a dot✘ The number of starting valence electrons can be

found by locating the element on the periodic table.

✘ Discounting the transition metals, the column identifies the valence electrons.✗ 1st column = 1, 2nd column = 2, 5th column = 5

HONC Rule

The following elements must have the following bonds:✘ H - 1 Bond✘ O - 2 Bonds✘ N - 3 Bonds✘ C - 4 Bonds

Lewis Structures

Lewis Structures tell us the number of valence electrons and the number of bonds between atoms in a covalent compound

Practice Drawing Lewis Structures

Br2

CH4

HCN

Continue With Lewis Structures

1. Finish the lewis structures on the notes page.2. Complete the Lewis Structure Bonding Practice

sheet and turn in when completed. If not done, it’s homework!

Chemistry Agenda 12/1/17-12/4/17

✘ Naming Ionic Compounds Quiz✗ Open note/assignment

✘ Work day for completing the following:✗ Naming Ionic Compounds POGIL✗ Naming Ionic Compounds practice✗ Lewis Structures Practice

Chemistry Agenda 12/5/17-12/6/17

✘ Qualitative Analysis Lab✗ Establish a set of knowns based on bond type and

physical properties✘ DO NOT OVERHEAT COMPOUNDS

✗ If something melts over the water bath, don’t test it with a flame

✘ Wear goggles!✘ DO NOT MOVE A HOT BEAKER. WAIT FOR IT TO

COOL

Chemistry Agenda 12/7/17-12/8/17

✘ Finish Qualitative Analysis Lab✗ Determine the bond type in 4 unknowns

✘ DO NOT OVERHEAT COMPOUNDS✗ If something melts over the water bath, don’t test it

with a flame✘ Wear goggles!✘ DO NOT MOVE A HOT BEAKER. WAIT FOR IT TO

COOL✘ Determine actual compounds

Chemistry Agenda 12/11/17-12/12/17

✘ Molecule Shapes✗ 3-Dimensional Structure/Simulation

✘ Replace Chromebook where it came from✘ Practice Quest/Quizzam

✗ Actual quest/quizzam next class✗ Naming ionic compounds✗ Lewis Structures✗ Molecular Shapes✗ Qualitative Analysis - like the lab

Chemistry Agenda 12/13/17-12/14/17

✘ Quizzam review✗ Dry Erase Board!

✘ Quizzam✗ Periodic Tables - YES!!!✗ Pencil - YES!!!✗ Anything else - NO!!!

Ionic Compounds

Name the following compounds:NaBrSodium BromideCoNCobalt (III) NitrideCr(NO3)2Chromium (II) Nitrate

Ionic Compounds

Give the formula for the following compounds:Lithium PhosphideLi3PPalladium (IV) OxidePdO2Lead (II) PhosphatePb3(PO4)2

Covalent Compounds

Name the compound, draw the lewis structure, and determine the geometry. (Linear, Trigonal Pyramidal, Tetrahedral, Bent)SiO2Silicon Dioxide, LinearPF3Phosphorus Trifluoride, Trigonal Pyramidal

Covalent Compounds

Name the compound, draw the lewis structure, and determine the geometry. (Linear, Trigonal Pyramidal, Tetrahedral, Bent)SiH4Silicon Tetrahydride, TetrahedralSeBr2Selenium Dibromide, Bent

Covalent Compounds

Draw the lewis structure for the following compoundsC3H8

CH3COOH

Chemistry Agenda 12/13/17-12/14/17

✘ Quizzam review✗ Dry Erase Board!

✘ Quizzam✗ Periodic Tables - YES!!!✗ Pencil - YES!!!✗ Anything else - NO!!!

Ionic Compounds

Name the following compounds:NaBrSodium BromideCoNCobalt (III) NitrideCr(NO3)2Chromium (II) Nitrate

Ionic Compounds

Give the formula for the following compounds:Lithium PhosphideLi3PPalladium (IV) OxidePdO2Lead (II) PhosphatePb3(PO4)2

Covalent Compounds

Name the compound, draw the lewis structure, and determine the geometry. (Linear, Trigonal Pyramidal, Tetrahedral, Bent)SiO2Silicon Dioxide, LinearPF3Phosphorus Trifluoride, Trigonal Pyramidal

Covalent Compounds

Name the compound, draw the lewis structure, and determine the geometry. (Linear, Trigonal Pyramidal, Tetrahedral, Bent)SiH4Silicon Tetrahydride, TetrahedralSeBr2Selenium Dibromide, Bent

Covalent Compounds

Draw the lewis structure for the following compoundsC3H8

CH3COOH

Bond Types

Metal + Non-Metal Ionic

Share Electrons Covalent

Conduct in Solution Ionic

Low Melting Point Non-Polar Covalent

Medium Melting Point Polar Covalent

Chemistry Agenda 12/15/17-1/2/18

✘ Flubber/Slime Making!✗ Clean up your lab station

✘ What is a polymer?✘ DO NOT MAKE A MESS IN THE SCHOOL!!!

Chemistry Agenda 11/18-11/21/2016

✘ Organic Chemistry Quiz - OPEN NOTE!!! :-)✘ Structured notes and Lecture

✗ Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures✘ Finish Esterification Lab

✗ Check with classmates for other smells✗ Draw structures of the compounds created

✘ Lewis Structures HW✘ Hand Back Unit 2 Tests

✗ Exam corrections during Flex✗ Less than 55/79 should do corrections

Chemistry Agenda 11/22-11/28/2016

✘ Unit 3 Stamp Sheets✗ Get stuff stamped off today!

✘ Covalent Bond PhET and Lewis Dot Structures✗ Finish and turn in/stamp

✘ Polarity Activity✗ Start if there is time

✘ Hand Back Unit 2 Tests✗ Exam corrections during Flex on Thursday✗ Less than 55/79 should do corrections

Chemistry Agenda 11/29-11/30/2016

✘ Exam corrections during Flex on Thursday✗ Less than 55/79 should do corrections

✘ Polarity Activity✗ How does symmetry affect the overall charge of a

molecule?✘ Catch up on remaining work✘ Stamps 1-7 should be complete by end of day

Chemistry Agenda 12/01-12/02/2016

✘ Molecular Mimics✗ Putting polarity and shape together✗ How do molecules fit our receptors?

✘ Toxins in the home project✗ Take a look and get started

Molecular Mimics

Get into groups of 3. You will be assigned a group of molecules.Each person researches one of the molecules assigned to your group.Your group should have 3 “posters”, one for each molecule.

Chemistry Agenda 12/06-12/07/2016

✘ Finish Molecular Mimics✗ Answer questions 8, 9, 10 from the separate sheet of

paper.■ Look for differences/similarities between functional

groups, shape, and MEP surface maps

✘ Toxins in the home project✗ Take a look and get started

✘ Slime Lab!!!✘ Intermolecular Forces POGIL

✗ How are separate molecules attracted to each other

Chemistry Agenda 12/12-12/13/2016

✘ Toxicity and Endocrine Disruptors Videos✗ Follow-along questions

✘ Intermolecular Forces POGIL✗ How are separate molecules attracted to each other

✘ Toxins in the home project✘ EXAM ON THURSDAY!!!! 🙏

Endocrine disruptors and toxicity

Watch the video and answer the questions.Our Chemical Lives - https://youtu.be/J9SWBAUlAvw

How are toxicity and pollution related?Health impacts of pollution - https://youtu.be/VcDjyxanOyk

Intermolecular Forces POGIL

Things to think about:✘ What is the difference between intramolecular

and intermolecular✘ What types of intermolecular forces keep

molecules “stuck together”✘ What is needed for a “hydrogen bond” to form?✘ What is a dipole?✘ What do you think like dissolves like means?

Chemistry Agenda 12/14-12/15/2016

✘ EXAM TODAY!!!! 🙆✘ When finished, bring stamp sheet and remaining

items✘ Work on Toxins in the home project

Chemistry Agenda 1/3-1/4/2017

✘ Finalize work on Toxins in the home project✗ If done, bring up stamp sheet and items to be

stamped✘ Exam is on Thursday!!

Chemistry Agenda 1/5/2017

✘ Review Practice Exam✘ EXAM TODAY!!!! 🙆✘ When finished, bring up stamp sheet and

remaining items✗ 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,11✗ 8 is Intermolecular Forces POGIL✗ 11 is Video questions✗ 3 is Esterification Lab and should be turned in