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8/12/2019 Bone and Cartilage prsentation
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BY: DR. JULIA B. BELTRAN, FPOGS, FPSA
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1. Under what type of fundamental tissue are the bones
and cartilages classified?
2. Give some characteristics of the bones and cartilages
3. Enumerate functions of the bones and cartilages
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OBJECTIVES
GENERAL: To know why the bones and cartilages are connective
tissue organs
SPECIFIC: 1. To identify the parenchyma of the bones and cartilages,
and their corresponding histological characteristics
2. To differentiate the bones and cartilages into their
subtypes
3. To understand the inter-relation of the bones and
cartilages in their growth and development4. To enumerate the functions of the bones and cartilages
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Connective tissue
1.CT cells
2.CT fibers3.Ground substance
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CARTILAGE
Semi-rigid
Ground substance (proteoglycansGAGs,
hyaluronic acid
central backbone) Collagen and elastic fibers > types of
cartilages
Chondroblasts / chondrocytes
Ground substance / matrix
Perichondrium
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Cartilage
Avascularlimits thickness
Cartilage canalsconvey blood
Growthinterstitial and appositional Distributionlimited; template for the bones
Functionssupport, gliding surface, bone
development
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HYALINE CARTILAGE
Most common and more distributions
Nose, larynx, trachea, articulations, ribs
Precursor of bones
Suspended growthinterstitial / appositional
Chondroblasts / chondrocytessingle/isogenous
grouping, lacuna
Matrixterritorial / inter-territorialType II collagen
Perichondrium
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Why is the hyaline cartilage
amorphous?
Same refractive index
Fine collagen fibrils
Abundant ground substance
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HYALINE CARTILAGE
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Elastic cartilage
Almost similar to hyaline cartilage
Elastic fibers > collagen fibers
Seen in: external ear, external auditory canal,epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages,
Eustachian tube
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Elastic cartilage
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FIBROCARTILAGE
Fibrous cartilagealternating layers of
collagen fibers and matrix
Chondrocytesrows, flat
Found: IV disc, symphysis pubis, articular
cartilages
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Intervertebral
Joints
Intervertebral Disc
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FIBROCARTILAGE
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BONES
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, (osteoprogenitor
cells), osteoclasts (macrophage-monocyte
line)
Osteoid - Type I collagen, Ca and PO4
Functions: mobility, Ca reservoir, support,
protection (internal organs/ blood
organ)
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Osteoblasts
Osteoid formation
Basophilic cytoplasm
Large nuclei
Large Golgi apparatus
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Osteoclasts
* Howships lacuna
Ruffled borders
Bone remodelling
Ca hemostasis
Parathormone (+)
Calcitonin ()
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BONES
TYPES: Compact and cancellous
FORMS: Woven and lamellar
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COMPACT BONE:
Haversian system:
1. Haversian canal
2. Osteocyte
3. Lacuna
4. Canaliculi
5. Concentric
lamellae6.Volkmans canal
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COMPACT BONES:
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CORTICAL
(COMPACT)BONE
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BONECortex and Trabecular
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Cancellous bone
Spongy bone
Medullary location
Bony trabeculae /spicules
Osteocytes,
endosteum
Bone marrow
cavity
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BONE MARROW:
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Woven & lamellar bones
Wovenrandom fibers;
immature
Lamellarparallel bands
of fibers
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Mineralisation
Of
Bone
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Bone matrix and mineralisation
Matrix - 70% inorganic (Ca, PO4, Mg, Na, K) 30%
organic (90% collagen, proteoglycans)
Hole zonesinitial site of deposition
Proteoglycanschondroitin SO4, hyaluronic
Non-collagenOsteocalcin (gla prt)Ca binding;
Osteonectin- collagen and mineral (sialoproteins)
bridge;
Matrix vesiclesfrom osteoblasts; pyrophosphatase
(-) & alkaline phosphatase (+)
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Bone development and growth
Endochondral ossificationlong bones,
vertebrae, pelvis and base of the skull -
cartilage bones
Intramembranous ossificationvault of the
skull,maxilla, mandiblemembrane bones
*** growth, thyroid and sex hormones
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IntramembranousOssification
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Endochondral
ossification:
-Permits functional
stresses
-Primary ossification center
(shaft)
-Secondary O.C.(epiphysis)
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EndochondralOssification
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Bone Remodelling & Repair:
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SynovialJoint
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TENON
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LONG BONE:
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BONY LAMELLA
Concentric
Interstitial
Inner circumferential / Endosteal Outer circumferential / periosteal
- Sharpeys fibers
- None: articular surfaces, insertions,subcapsular femoral neck
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PERIOSTEUM:
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PERIOSTEUM:
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EPIPHYSIS:
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EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATEZONES:
< Reserve cartilage
- hyaline cart, small clusters of
cells, moderately-stained matrix
< Proliferation
- mitosis,columns of cells,
strongly-stained matrix, proteoglycans
< Maturation
- no mitosis, hypertrophy
< Hypertrophy, Calcification- Htrophy, calcification, vacuolation
< Cartilage degeneration
- degeneration, invasion of lacuna
< Osteogenic
osteoblasts-
metaphysis
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Bone remodelling and repair
Blood clot > granulation tissue >
(mesenchymal cells to chondroblasts) >
hyaline cartilage (provisional callus) > (Ca
salts, osteoprogenitor cellswoven bone) >
bony callus > lamellar bone
Bony union
complete bridge
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Intramembranous ossification
Mesenchymal cells > osteoblasts (osteoid) >
centers of ossification > mineralisation >
Trapped osteoblasts (osteocytes) > surface
osteoprogenitor cells (mitosis) > fusion ofossification centers (bone) > woven >
lamellar
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Get sheet of paper
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1. Immature form of bonewoven
2. Initial site of bone depositionhole zone
3. Structural unit of compact boneHaversian
system4. Most common cartilagehyaline
5. Arrangement of chondrocytesisogenous
6. Osteogenic tissue of the bonesendosteum /
periosteum7. Type of collagen in collagenType II
8. Function of the cartilagesupport, protection,
gliding surface
9. Shape of the bone cellstellate
10. gives the hardness of the bones - hydoxyapatite
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1. Immature form of bone
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2. Initial site of bone deposition
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3. Structural unit of compact bone
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4. Most common cartilage
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5. Arrangement of chondrocytes
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6. Osteogenic tissue of the bones
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7. Type of collagen in collagen
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8. Function of the cartilage
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10. Gives the hardness of the bones
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