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Body Structure Body Structure and Functionand FunctionOrganization of the Human Organization of the Human BodyBody
Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …
•List the organizational levels of the human body.
•Discuss the structural unit of the cell and briefly explain the function of each of its components.
Lesson Objectives
•List the systems of the body and identify the organs located in each system.
•List and explain the major functions of the organ systems that comprise the human body.
•Explain the differences between passive and active transport.
CellsCellsCellsCells TissuesTissuesTissuesTissues OrgansOrgansOrgansOrgansOrgan Organ
SystemsSystemsOrgan Organ
SystemsSystems
MoleculesMoleculesMoleculesMoleculesAtomsAtomsAtomsAtoms
Organization of the Body
Handout
Atoms
Consists of:
•Protons and neutrons
Elements Found in the Human Body FYIProtons, neutrons,
and electrons form elements such as:
• Aluminum (Al)• Carbon (C)• Calcium (Ca)• Hydrogen (H)• Iron (Fe)• Magnesium (Mg)• Nitrogen (N)• Oxygen (O or O2)• Phosphorous (P)• Potassium (K)• Sodium (Na)• Zinc (Zn)
Molecules
•two or more atoms•constant motion •Can be solids, liquids, or gases
Molecules
•In water molecules (H20), two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are chemically joined together
•Water contains millions of molecules
Cells
•basic unit of life
•building block of the human body
•millions of different types
Cells In the Human Body•Bone cells•Nerve cells•Fat cells•Reproductive cells•Skeletal muscle cells•Blood cells•Smooth muscle cells
Though each cell has a unique function and feature, many features are recognized amongst all
cells
Human Cell Activity
•Color•Label
Human cell
Components of a Cell•Cell membrane•Cytoplasm•Nucleus
Cell Membrane
•The outer covering of the cell •Helps maintain the cell’s shape•Has the capability of allowing some
substances to pass into and out of the cell
Cilia▫Small hair-like projections that cover the cell’s surface
▫Aids in increasing the overall surface area of a cell
▫Works by propelling substances along a cell’s surface
Flagella▫Tail-like structures that enable a cell to move through plasma,
▫Example: sperm cell
Cytoplasm•Jelly-like substance•Eighty percent water and generally clear in color, gel like
•Provides storage and work areas for the cell
Organelles
•Structures found within cytoplasm
•function and purpose to maintain vitality
Nucleus
•cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction
•the control center•Holds the chromosomes of the cell
Tissues
•grouping of specialized cells which share the same function and purpose
Epithelial Tissue
•outer layer of skin, the surface of organs, and lining the walls of body cavities
•Forms ducts, tubes and parts of certain glands
•Arranged in a flat formation
Connective Tissue
•Most abundant of all the body tissues
•Can be liquid or gel-like and fills spaces between cells
•Functions include covering muscles, and connecting muscles to bones and bones to joints
Types of Muscle Tissue
•Voluntary (striated)▫Form skeletal muscle▫Controlled by a person’s will
•Involuntary (smooth)▫Controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Types of Muscle Tissue (cont)
•Cardiac muscle tissue▫Form the heart muscles▫Under the control autonomic nervous system
Nerve Tissue•Composed of neurons (nerve cells)
•Acts as the functional unit of the nervous system
Organs
•Composed of several types of tissue
•Work together as a unit
•Perform special functions
Electrolytes•carry electrical impulses to other cells •Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in the blood constant
Electrolytes in the Human Body
•Sodium (Na+)•Potassium (K+)•Chloride (Cl)•Calcium (Ca)•Magnesium (Mg)•Bicarbonate (HCO3)
•Phosphate (PO4)
•Sulfate (SO4)
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