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7/27/2019 BMU Brochure- Green Economy- June 2012
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Green Economy20 Jahre nach dem Erdgipfel Rio 1992: neuer Schwung fr Nachhaltigkeit
Green EconomyNew Impetus for Sustainability
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IRIN
Published by: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)Division ZG III 2 11055 Berlin GermanyEmail: ZGIII2@bmu.bund.de Website: www.bmu.de/english
Edited by: Peter Franz, Dr. Florian Kammerer, Divisions ZG III 2, KI I 1, KI II 4, WA II 1, WA III 1
Design: design_idee, bro_fr_gestaltung, ErfurtPrinted by: Silber Druck oHG, Niestetal
Photo credits: Cover: Ralph Kerpa/Alimdi.netDate: Juni 2012First Print: 1,000 copies
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Green EconomyNew Impetus for Sustainability
20 years after the 1992 Rio Summit: new impetus for sustainability
Concentrating societys resources via the green economy concept
Using the opportunities for environmentally compatible growth
The framework for a green economy
Areas for action: Setting a course towards a green economy
0406
08
09
10
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20 years after Rio 1992, the Earth Summit in Brazil, the United Nations is
again holding a conference in Rio de Janeiro on sustainable development
(Rio +20), in order to secure renewed political commitment to that guiding
principle. While much has been achieved in this area since 1992, global en-
vironmental problems have been intensifying, creating enormous challenges.
And while the term sustainability has become widely accepted, many of
the objectives linked with that concept have not been achieved, and new
challenges have arisen. Green economy in the context of sustainable devel-
opment and poverty eradication, one of the global summits focus themes,
involves finding ways of achieving the objectives of sustainable development.
Population growth, scarcities of water and natural resources and climate
change all entail economic, social and ecological impacts and risks foreconomic and social development, now and in the years to come. For this
reason, an international discussion regarding suitable new guiding prin-
ciples for addressing these issues has begun. The debate about a green
economy is a response to the ecological and social impacts of prevailing
economic structures and methods, which do not take adequate account of
environmental damage and risks and their social consequences. At the same
time, the discussion is highlighting the economic opportunities inherent
in a green economy. The green economy concept recognizes the naturalfoundations of life as the basis and limits for all economic activity for both
industrialised countries and developing/emerging countries.
4
20 years after the 1992 Rio Summit:
new impetus for sustainability
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Source: World Economic Forums Global Risks Survey 2011
Worldwide risks
1.000
500
250
100
50
Fiscal crises
Global governance failuresGlobal imbalancesvolatility
Weapon of massdestruction
Chronic diseases
Regulatory failures
Food security
Air pollution
Migration
Economic Risks
Enviromental Risks
Societal Risks
Geopolitical Risks
Technological Risk
Higher perceived likelihood
Higher perceived impact
unlikely likely
Perceived likelihood to occur in the next ten years
Perceivedimpactin
BillionUS$
very likely
Earthquakes andvolcanic eruptions
Extreme commod-
ity price volatility
Infrastructure fragility
Threat from newtechnology
Illicid trade
Terrorism
Online data andinformation security
Extreme consumerprice volatility
Ocean governance
Space security
Critical informationinfrastrucure breakdown
Slowing Chinese Economy
Retrenchmentfrom globalization
Fragilestates
Organ-izedcrime
Liquidity/credit chrunch
Asset price collapse
Water security
Demographic challenges
Corruption
Flooding
Storms andcyclones
Biodiversity loss
Geopolitical conflict Climate change
Economic disparity
Infectiousdiseases
1,000
Extreme energyprice volatility
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We see the green economy as a concept for linking environmental and
economic aims in positive ways, in order to increase social prosperity and
well-being. Via such links, economic growth becomes environmentally com-
patible. At the same time, as we move towards a green economy, we have to
consider the social aspects and consequences of such change, along with the
ways such change relates to other policy areas, such as education, research
and development co-operation.
Concentrating societys resources viathe green economy concept
Key efforts in achieving a green economy
Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Key efforts inachieving a
green economyinclude
Conservingand restoring
biological diversityand ecosystems
Achievingan energy systemthat is based on
renewable energysources
Preventingharmful emissions
and pollutantdischarges
Replacingnon-renewableresources by
sustainably producedrenewableresources
Reduction,recycling and
environmentally sounddisposal of waste, andclosing substance
cycles
More efcient useof energy, raw materials
and other naturalresources
Reducing the use ofnon-renewable
resources
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The transition to a green economy will affect all areas of the economy. This
means it will necessitate developing the potential of future markets andorienting existing economic sectors to ecological megatrends, in order to
strengthen them economically and enhance their competitiveness.
That process, in turn, will call for entrepreneurs who have the courage to
both seize the relevant economic opportunities and assume social respon-
sibility, by developing sustainable entrepreneurial strategies and business
models that can combine business success with positive contributions to the
sustainable development of the entire society.
Green techs share of the global market volume in selected industries(in EUR billion) in 2010
1,930 1,930
42 %~1,500
20 %
~1,600
2 %
~2,600
6 %
~2,650
12 %
Green
technology
Electrical
engineering
Chemicals Automotive
engineering
Mechanical
engineering
Environmental
technology
Source: GreenTech made in Germany 3.0. Environmental Technology Atlas for Germany
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The experience of the financial and economic crisis has shown that growth
needs to be oriented to sustainability. Environmental technologies and in-
novation are important economic drivers in such orientation. The emerging
green markets include environmentally friendly energy generation, energy
efficiency, resource/material efficiency, sustainable mobility, sustainable
water management and sustainable waste and closed cycle management.
Both globally and in Germany, such markets have already become important
economic factors. In 2011, the global market for environmental technology
and resource efficiency had a volume of 2,044 billion euros. Worldwide, the
six lead markets for environmental technology are forecast to grow to a total
volume of 4,400 billion euros by 2025. That figure translates into average
annual growth of 6.5 percent.
Using the opportunities for environmentallycompatible growth
Growth forecast for the global green tech and resource efciencymarket in 2011, 2015 and 2025 (EUR bn, average annual change20112025 in percent)
Source: GreenTech made in Germany 3.0. Environmental Technology Atlas for Germany
2011 2015 2025
4,403
2,625
2,044 Germanys market share
Germany
Rest of World
~ 15 % ~ 15 % ~ 15 %
5.6 %
1,744 2,237 3,729
674
389
300
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Germany has already moved to modernise its economy and society in keep-
ing with ecological criteria: Between 1990 and 2010, its energy productivity
grew by 38.6 percent, while its resource productivity grew by a total of 46.8
percent. It has also made good progress in controlling air pollution: Dur-
ing the same period, emissions were reduced by 56.4 percent, with respect
to their corresponding levels in 1990. In addition, Germany now recycles
some 90 percent of all construction waste and 63 percent of municipal and
production waste.
Areas for action: Setting a course towards agreen economy
its successes in the area of social security are all conducive to developmenttowards a green economy and, thus, to the sustainable development of the
economy and of society. However, in addition to a social framework an eco-
nomic model must also include sound ecological guardrails for the economy
and society. And in this regard the social market economy also provides
an outstanding basis for the transition to a green economy. On a basis of
ambitious environmental policies, interacting with an innovative, efficient
economy and a good position in the market for environmental and efficiency
technologies, Germany has already made progress in many areas towards
a green economy. For example, production of products for environmental
protection has continued to grow disproportionately in Germany over the
past few years. Germany now accounts for a large share of global trade in
products for environmental protection. This success has made itself apparent
in the labour market: According to recent figures, the environmental protec-
tion sector now has nearly 2 million employees.
Internationally in particular, the transition to a green economy can contribute
significantly to poverty eradication, by generating income and jobs and bypreventing creation of poverty for example, by preventing environmentally
related health damage, soil erosion and overfishing. At the same time, efforts
to solve social problems will require additional measures, beyond the scope of
the green economy, in areas such as social and education policy. The transi-
tion to a green economy will succeed only if all social forces get behind it.
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With the transformation of its energy system, its Closed Cycle ManagementAct and its Resource Efficiency Programme, the Federal Government has taken
key measures towards a green economy. With the national projects described
below, Germany is seeking to send out the message that it is possible to com-
bine growth, resource conservation, technological innovation and sustainability:
Achieving an energy supply system that is at once reliable, affordable and environmen-
tally compatible is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. To bring about such
an energy system, the Federal Government has adopted an energy concept that calls
especially for vigorous expansion of renewable energy sources and sharp increases in
energy efficiency.
The concept is aimed at making the German economy a) one of the most energy-efficient
and environmentally friendly economies worldwide and b) an economy with competitive
energy prices and a high standard of living. Security and economic viability of energysupply, and effective policies for protecting the climate and the environment, will play a
central role in ensuring that Germany remains competitive in the long term as a centre for
industry. We want to strengthen competition and market-economic orientation in energy
markets. In doing so, we will be safeguarding lasting economic prosperity, good jobs, in-
novation and ongoing modernisation in our country. We stand at the beginning of a gradual
transformation of our energy supply system.
Significantly, the fundamental transformation of our energy system will create opportun-ities for future generations. Our country is a pioneer on the road to the energy system of
the future. We can become the worlds first major industrialised country to achieve a highly
efficient, renewable energy system. This will require the entire energy sector to make
investments worth billions of euros. Such investments, however, will generate technological
and economic opportunities for Germany and safeguard Germanys competitiveness as an
economic centre and as an exporting country. The political sector is charged with further
improving the framework for innovation and investments, and with eliminating pertinent bar-
riers, to ensure that the necessary long-term investments are made in time. The fundamental
transformation of the energy system will succeed only with the broadest possible publicsupport for the transformation and for the requirements it will impose on us all.
Ushering in the era of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency
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With its new Closed Cycle Management Act, Germany has taken another major step to-
wards true closed cycle management. In such a system, waste is a resource, and economic
and ecological interests go hand-in-hand. Efficient use of ever-scarcer resources and
energy sources plays a key role in the global competition between national economies.
Modern closed cycle management, with extremely stringent requirements pertaining to
recycling, intelligent methods for recovery of valuable raw materials and energy sources
and environmentally compatible waste-disposal technologies, has already become a reality
in Germany.
The new act combines the objectives of reliability, resource efficiency, legal certainty and
close interaction with citizens. True closed cycle management, with high recycling rates,
can be achieved when citizens, municipalities and private-sector waste-management
companies all accept joint responsibility for achieving it. The key aspects of such respon-
sibility include application of the polluter-pays principle, internalisation of ecological and
social costs, stringent legal requirements and proper enforcement of such requirements.In accepting such responsibility, we prevent waste on an ongoing basis, meet stringent
recycling requirements and use resources more efficiently and carefully.
Moving towards true closed cycle management
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Resource efficiency reduces environmental burdens, strengthens global competitiveness
and creates new high-quality jobs. Germany wishes to take a leading role in the necessary
global transition towards resource-efficient economies. We want to show how, in a highly
developed industrialised country, resource efficiency can be enhanced, without any cost to
prosperity, and overall consumption of raw materials can be reduced.
That is why Germany has adopted its Resource Efficiency Programme (ProgRess). The
aim of the programme is to make extraction and use of natural resources more sustain-
able and to reduce the pertinent environmental burdens to the greatest possible degree.
Resource-efficiency policies will help us accept our global responsibility for the ecological
and social consequences of resource use. ProgRess describes new approaches, measures
and examples for enhancing resource efficiency. In the process, it takes account of the
entire value chain: It is aimed at safeguarding a sustainable supply of raw materials,
enhancing resource efficiency in production, making consumption more resource-efficient,expanding resource-efficient closed cycle management and making use of cross-sectoral
instruments. To achieve those aims, it relies on market incentives, information provision,
advising, education, research and innovation, and it seeks to strengthen relevant voluntary
measures and initiatives on the part of industry and society. Examples of such measures
include expansion of efficiency advising for small and medium-sized companies; support
for environmental management systems; intensified orientation of public procurement to
use of resource-efficient products and services; support for voluntary product labelling
and certification systems; expansion of closed cycle systems; and intensification of tech-nology/knowledge transfers to developing and emerging countries.
Reducing environmental burdens and increasing competitiveness via resourceefficiency
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Many current environmental problems, such as climate change, losses of biological diver-
sity and ecosystem services, desertification and pollutant inputs via global distribution of
persistent toxins, are interregional or global. They can be solved only via a combination of
national efforts and international co-operation. Although many countries see and accept
the need for change, global emissions continue to rise, especially but not only in devel-
oping and emerging countries.
Increasingly, the green economy concept is being seen as a central part of global
sustainability policies. For developing and emerging countries in particular, this insight
presents the opportunity to leapfrog over the phase of emissions-/resource-intensive
industrialisation and to achieve prosperity for broad segments of their populations via
significantly more environmentally compatible approaches. Such an approach is indispens-
able if the ambitious international objectives for climate/environmental protection are to
be achieved.
Furthering the green economy concept worldwide will call for a wide range of measures, at
the bilateral and multilateral levels, in all relevant sectors. With its social market economy,
Germany accepts international responsibility
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which includes a regulatory framework oriented to environmental policy, and with its
experience in developing and introducing environmental standards and environmental
policy objectives, Germany can play an important role in relevant bilateral and multilat-
eral activities. Germany already has a range of close environmental partnerships, with
co-operative relationships and with networks that can be expanded and strengthened.
It maintains such partnerships in the expectation that good bilateral relationships,
with strategically relevant partner countries, can support success at the multilateral
level. Germany is in the favourable situation of having ambitious, tested environmental
concepts/standards and cutting-edge environmental technologies. Consequently, efforts
need to be made to involve the German environmental technology sector in relevant
activities.
The Rio+20 conference is a central milestone at the multilateral level. Germany is sup-
porting efforts to adopt, at the conference, a UN Green Economy Roadmap that provides
for country-specific advising services, via the UN system, in support of the transform-
ation towards a green economy. Reform of the United Nations environmental governance
institutions is expected to provide an effective UN structure alongside existing bilateralinstruments for supporting transformation towards a global green economy.
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