BME 130 – Genomes Lecture 16 Alternative genome anatomies (Viruses and mobile elements)

BME 130 – Genomes

Lecture 16

Alternative genome anatomies

(Viruses and mobile elements)

Genomes in the news

http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2010/10/giant-virus-found-in-tiny-predator.ars

About half of the virus' genes are similar to those of something from either other giant viruses or living cells, with pieces from all three domains of life (eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea). But the majority of genes have no known function, so it's hard to know what to make of them. Some of the ones that are present, however, are pretty sophisticated. The virus has its own DNA repair system, and can hijack a system its host uses to destroy unwanted proteins; it uses this to get rid of the host's defense proteins. It also seems to have picked up 38kb from a bacteria (potentially, one of the meals of its host) that encodes for a pathway that attaches sugars to proteins.

Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV), has a genome that's over 700,000 base pairs long (700 kilobases, or kb).

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/10/15/1007615107.abstract

Figure 9.1 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Bacteriophages

Table 9.1 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Overlapping ORFs

Figure 9.3 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.4a Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Lytic infection

Figure 9.4b part 1 of 2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.4b part 2 of 2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.5 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Lysogenicinfection

Figure 9.6 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Eukaryotic retrovirus structure

Table 9.2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.7 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.8 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.9a Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.9b Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.10 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.11 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.12 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.13 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.14 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Table 9.3 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.15 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.16 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.17 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.18 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.19 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure 9.20 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Drosophila phylogeny and P-elements