Blood Physiology and Immunity

Blood Physiology

Demuel Dee L. Berto

• Describe the components of blood and their origins, and the role of hemoglobin in transporting oxygen in red blood cells.

• Understand the molecular basis of blood groups and the reasons for transfusion reactions.

• Delineate the process of hemostasis that restricts blood loss when vessels are damaged, and the adverse consequences of intravascular thrombosis.

• Understand the significance of immunity, particularly with respect to defending the body against microbial invaders.

• Identify the functions of hematopoietic growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines.

• Delineate the roles and mechanisms of innate, acquired, humoral, and cellular immunity.

References

• Medical Physiology by Guyton 12th Edition

• Review of Medical Physiology by Ganong 23rd Edition

• Basic Pathology by Kumar 8th Edition

• Clinical Physiology by Ashis Banerjee , 2005

General Functions

• Delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism in the tissues

• Defense against invading microorganisms and injury

• Acid-base balance

http://www.icr.org/article/4823/

Erythrocytes

Transport Hemoglobin

Transport CO2

Acid Base Buffer

Functions

Shape and Size of Red Blood Cells

Concentration of Red Blood Cells in the Blood

Quantity of Hemoglobin in the Cells

Maxwell et al: Renal erythropoietin-producing cells

Clinical Correlate

MATURATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS

Vitamin B12

Folic acid

Receptor for AGEs

THE RH GROUP

HEMOSTASIS

Immunity

Immuno-competence

Inflammation

Acquired Immunity

Innate Immunity

INNATE IMMUNITY

Nucleated Cells

Gregersen and Behrens Nature Reviews Genetics 7, 917–928 (December 2006) | doi:10.1038/nrg1944