BLACKLEG SURVEY, DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND CANOLA … · Nov 11, 2016: Priaxor 1.1 a No fungicide 3.8...

BLACKLEG SURVEY, DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND CANOLA

VARIETY TRIAL RESULTS

Dr. Kurtis Schroeder

Cropping Systems Agronomist & Pathologist

University of Idaho, Moscow

January 24, 2018

BLACKLEG IN IDAHO• Most important disease of canola in Canadian Prairies and

Midwest

• Estimated loss of 1% in Canada each year (~$30 million)

• Was not observed in rainfed areas of PNW until 2011 discovery

in Boundary County

• In 2014, discovered in seed production fields in Nezperce

County

• Widespread during the spring of 2015 in Idaho, Lewis,

Nezperce and Latah Counties

BLACKLEG COMPLEXDisease also referred to as Phoma stem

canker

Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma lingam)

• Highly virulent

Leptosphaeria biglobosa

• Less virulent and destructive

BLACKLEG SYMPTOMS

BLACKLEG

LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS LIFE CYCLE

KEY CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN

INFLUENCE MANAGEMENT

• Seed-borne

• Once it is established, can spread by

splash or airborne spores

• Survives in crop residue for years

BLACKLEG SURVEY (2014, 2016-2017)

SURVEY SITESLatah

Nezperce

Lewis

Clearwater

Idaho

FUNGUS ISOLATION

SUMMARY OF SURVEY

50 Locations surveyedBlackleg confirmed at 39 locations (78%)

128 isolates of Leptophaeria maculans10 isolates of L. biglobosa

Confirmed by pathogenicity tests and PCR

6562

L. maculans mating types

GENETIC RESISTANCE

• Canola has 14 identified resistance

genes (RLM)

• Corresponding 14 avirulence

9 are cloned and mapped

• B. juncea, B. rapa, B. napus

QUALITATIVE RESISTANCE

American Phytopathological Society

RecognitionNo disease

Disease

Disease Disease

CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATESIdentify avirulence genes by PCR and

screening differential plant lines in greenhouse

assays

14 avirulence genes

• AvrLm1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11

• AvrLepR1-LepR2-LepR3

PRELIMINARY SCREEN FOR AVIRULENCE

Avr geneNumber of

Isolates

AvrLm1 1

AvrLm2 0

AvrLm3 21

AvrLm4-7 120

AvrLmJ1 119

AvrLm6 123

AvrLm11 128

PCR differentials only

LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS RACES

15 races identified7 PCR differentials

Avr-race Number of Isolates

Avr 11 1

Avr 5 1

Avr 5-11 2

Avr 5-6-11 5

Avr 4 1

Avr 4-11 1

Avr 4-6-11 8

Avr 4-5-11 7

Avr 4-5-6 2

Avr 4-5-6-11 79

Avr 3-6-11 1

Avr 3-5-6-11 2

Avr 3-4-5-6 1

Avr 3-4-5-6-11 17

Avr 1-4-6-11 1

L. MACULANS COLLECTION FROM 2014

R genes for N. IdahoRlm5 (92%)Rlm6 (92%)Rlm7 (92%)Rlm11 (88%)LepR1 (92%)

QUALITATIVE RESISTANCE

• Type of primary seedling resistance that our wheat varieties have for protection from the stripe rust pathogen•Can break down if there are changes in the

pathogen population•Need to pyramid disease resistance or rotate

resistant lines to maintain good level of control

SEARCHING FOR NOVEL RESISTANCE

➢ Develop marker-assisted genomic selection for blackleg resistance to accelerate development of resistance

➢ Screen a diverse, worldwide collection of 400 winter canola lines for novel genetic resistance▪Qualitative (gene-for-gene)▪Quantitative – multigenic, durable resistance

BLACKLEG MANAGEMENTPrevention:• Start with disease-free, certified seed

(Phyto-sanitary certificate required for seed imported to Idaho)

• Use fungicide seed treatmentHelix Xtra, Helix Vibrance, Prosper 400,Prosper Evergol

• Protective foliar fungicides?Tilt (3), Quadris (11), Quilt (3+11), Headline (11), Priaxor Xemium (7+11), Proline 480 (3)

WINTER CANOLA BLACKLEG TRIAL

•Grangeville – planted Sept 7, 2016•24 varieties•Sprayed on Oct 11, 2016 with Priaxor (4 fl oz/A)•Sprayed on Apr 19, 2017 with Priaxor (4 fl oz/A)

Harvested Jul 28, 2017

WINTER CANOLA BLACKLEG TRIAL

Treatment Lesion Score (1-5)

Nov 11, 2016:

Priaxor 1.1 a

No fungicide 3.8 b

Apr 19, 2017

Priaxor 2.7 b

No fungicide 3.6 a

Treatment Yield (lb/A)

Priaxor 5,183 a

No fungicide 5,110 a

• Only mild lesions found at harvest• Present in both sprayed and non-

sprayed plots

SPRING CANOLA AND MUSTARD

BLACKLEG TRIAL

•Genesee – planted May 10, 2017•4 canola, 2 oriental mustard•Sprayed on Jun 2, 2017 with Priaxor (4 fl oz/A)

Harvested Jul 28, 2017

SPRING CANOLA AND MUSTARD

BLACKLEG TRIAL

Treatment Yield (lb/A)

Priaxor 838 b

No fungicide 746 a

• Tillage – bury residue

• Crop rotation – 3 years between canola or any mustard family crop

• Avoid planting adjacent to field with recent history of blackleg infection

BLACKLEG MANAGEMENT

DISEASE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook

➢ pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease

Compendium of Brassica Diseases, APS Press

➢ www.apsnet.org/apsstore/shopapspress

Canola Council of Canada

➢ www.canolacouncil.org/crop-production

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

•Jack Brown, UI•Jim Davis, UI•Dilantha Fernando, University of Manitoba•David White•Justin Pickard•Brooklyn Collins

Kurt Schroeder

kschroeder@uidaho.edu

208-885-5020

www.uidaho.edu/extension/

cereals/nidaho

2017 Spring Canola Variety Trials

Jim B. Davis, Ashley Job,Megan Wingerson, and Jack Brown - UI

Alan Wernsing and Don Wysocki – OSU

Special Thanks to Kurt Schroeder

2017 Spring Canola Variety Trials

34 entries11 companies

9 sites

Funded by USDA-NIFAand

Companies who entered varieties

Spring Sites

– Bonners Ferry ID Conventional

– Moscow Conventional

– Genesee Conventional

– Craigmont Direct Seed

– Davenport WA Direct Seed

– Fairfield Direct Seed

– Dayton Direct Seed

– Pendleton OR Conventional

– Hermiston Irrigated, Conventional

Spring Canola 2017Yield by Location

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

lbs p

er

acre

Mean: 1512 lbs/acre

Spring Canola Yield2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000lb

s p

er

acre

What happened ?Flea beetles obviously… but

Late Planting Date

– Bonners Ferry ID May 18

– Moscow May 11

– Genesee May 10

– Craigmont May 9

– Davenport WA May 2

– Fairfield May 19

– Dayton May 2

– Pendleton OR April 4

– Hermiston March 23

What Else Happened?

Emergence ProblemsHard Rain / Crusting and Ponding

Flea BeetlesRain reduced seed treatment effectHigh flea beetle populationsWindy days delayed sprayingInsecticide problems?

resistance? (probably not)water pH?

Dry Summer

Cultivar BONF Mean*

Minimum 202 1,089

Maximum 1,399 1,838

Mean 800 1,512

Brett Young 5545 Clearfield 920 1,680

CPS DynaGro 200 Clearfield 1,399 1,691

CPS DynaGro 540G RR 1,357 1,671

HyCLASS 930 RR 1,009 1,838

HyCLASS 955 RR 781 1,733

InVigor L140P Liberty Link 1,088 1,607

Star 402 RR 1,083 1,607

Select Spring Canola Cultivars

* Mean of 8 dryland sites.

More data is available in flyers and online.

http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/brassica/ “For Growers” Link

Questions?

Jim Davis <jdavis@uidaho.edu>208-885-4266

http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/brassica/

Special Thanks to Houck Farms