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Biotechnology
•Scientist change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits.
•Possible because all organisms have the same Genetic Code
Gene Therapy
•Gene Therapy - the replacement of faulty genes in humans• Attempts to replace
defective or missing genes or add new genes to treat a disease.
Restriction Enzymes
•“Cuts” DNA•Act like molecular “scissors”
•Lets scientist take out and insert a new gene
Genetic Engineering
•Restriction enzymes cut out a specific gene
•Gene is inserted into new organism
Transgenic Organism (Genetically Modified Organism)
•Has one or more foreign genes inserted in it’s DNA
Example Transgenic Organism
•Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin
•Human insulin gene is cut out of human DNA
•Insulin inserted into Bacteria DNA
•Bacteria makes the Human protein the gene coded for
Uses of Transgenic Organisms
•Transgenic plants used in agriculture
•Creates crops resistant to frost, diseases, drought, and insects
•Food produced more quickly and cheaply
Uses of Transgenic Organisms
•Medical: Bacteria with human DNA make human proteins or vaccines•Corn with hepatitis vaccine inserted
•GMO mosquitos that help reduce number of mosquitos that carry Zika virus
•Bioremediation: GM
bacteria that break down
oil, mercury, radioactive
waste etc.
Concerns about Genetic Engineering
• Possible long-term health effects of eating GM foods
• Possible effects of GM (genetically modified) plants on ecosystems and biodiversity
• http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2015/11/20/genetically-modified-salmon-it-could-be-whats-for-dinner/
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