Biology Ecology -- Chapter 13

Biology Ecology -- Chapter 13

Practice testThere will be 19 questions on this review

(more on the test).

The Scientific Method

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

Variables

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

#1 From the above example, was is the…

Independent variable? _____________________________

Variables

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

From the above example, was is the…

Independent variable? __type of chair_____

Variables

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

#2 From the above example, was is the…

Dependent variable? ________________________________

Variables

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

From the above example, was is the…

Dependent variable? __their overall ACT score___

Variables

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

#3 From the above example, what are the constants?

Variables

A test was done to see if the type of chair that a students used while taking the ACT test would affect their overall score on the test. All of the conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and noise level were kept the same in this experiment.

From the above example, what are the constants?

Temperature, humidity, and noise level

Aquatic Insects and Pollution Tolerance

#4 On your sheet of paper, explain how identifying the types of insects in a stream can give an indication as to the health of the stream. Be sure to use the following terms: pollution tolerance, biodiversity, indicator species

Aquatic Insects and Pollution Tolerance

#4 On your sheet of paper, explain how identifying the types of insects in a stream can give an indication as to the health of the stream. Be sure to use the following terms: pollution tolerance, biodiversity, indicator speciesWhen a stream is clean, and there is little pollution, certain types of species of aquatic insects can live there. However, if the pollution increases, some more sensitive insect can’t live there because they have a low pollution tolerance. These indicator species are a reflection of the stream’s quality. The cleaner the stream, the greater the biodiversity.

Energy Pyramids

• The next few questions will deal with this image:

Energy Pyramids

#5 Why does the pyramid get small going up? #6 Where is the energy going?#7 What form is this energy in?

Energy Pyramids#5 Why does the pyramid get small going up?The vast majority of the energy is being lost #6 Where is the energy going?To the environment/atmosphere#7 What form is this energy in? Mostly heat (but also waste)

Energy Pyramids

#8 What is the base of the pyramid, and why is that considered the base?

Energy Pyramids

#8 What is the base of the pyramid, and why is that considered the base? The producers are the base because they transform energy from the sun into a form that can be used by all the other organisms.

Energy Pyramids

#9 From this image, what percentage of the available energy makes it to the next level?

Energy Pyramids

#9 From this image, what percentage of the available energy makes it to the next level?

10%

Food Web

• The next few questions have to do with this food web.

Food Web

#10 Which organisms are producers?

Food Web

#10 Which organisms are producers?Seaweed & phyloplankton

Food Web

#10 Which organisms are primary consumers?

Food Web

#11 Which organisms are primary consumers?Limpets, mussels, and zooplankton

Food Web

#12 Which organisms are secondary consumers?

Food Web

#12 Which organisms are secondary consumers?Prawn, crab, whelk, lobster, and gull

Food Web

#13 Which organisms are tertiary consumers?

Food Web

#13 Which organisms are tertiary consumers?Fish, gull, and lobster

Food Web

#14 What would happen if the phytoplankton and zooplankton were to suddenly increase in number rapidly?

Food Web

#14 What would happen if the phytoplankton and zooplankton were to suddenly increase in number rapidly? (1) All the organisms that feed on them would see their population grow, causing, (2) a decrease in the limpet and whelk populations.(3) Also, when they die,their decomposition would take oxygen fromthe water.

Keystone species

#15 What is a keystone species? Give an example, and explain why it is a keystone species.

Keystone species

#15 What is a keystone species? Give an example, and explain why it is a keystone species.A keystone species is one that has an unusually large impact on its ecosystem, affecting both biotic and abiotic factors.

Detritivores

#16 What exactly does a detritivore do for an ecosystem?

Detritivores

#16 What exactly does a detritivore do for an ecosystem?

A detritivore is an organism that eats dead organic matter. A decomposer (like fungi, mushrooms, etc) is a type of detritivore.

Food chain

#17 Please put the following in the correct order for a food chain in an aquatic ecosystem:• algae • dragonfly nymph • Zooplankton• minnow

Food chain

#17 Please put the following in the correct order for a food chain in an aquatic ecosystem:• algae algae • dragonfly nymph zooplankton• Zooplankton dragonfly nymph• minnow

minnow

Food web vs. food chain

#18 What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Food web vs. food chain

#18 What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?A food chain links a sequence of individual species by their feeding relationships.

A food web shows a complex network of feeding relationships, with most organisms being both predator and prey to several other organisms.

Describe the differences

#19 What is the difference between the following:– Species and community– Community and population– Ecosystem and community– Ecosystem and biome

Describe the differences#19 What is the difference between the following:

– Species and community: a species is one group of organisms that can reproduce with each other; a community is several different species interacting with each other in a given area.

– Community and population: a population is several members of the same species in an area, while a community is several populations of different species in the same area.

– Ecosystem and community: a community is several different species interacting with each other in a given area, while the ecosystem is all the living organisms as well as the abiotic factors in an area.

– Ecosystem and biome :the ecosystem is all the living organisms as well as the abiotic factors in an area, while a biome is a large global or regional area with similar climate, weather, and living things in that area.