Biology and Behavior. Our Behavior is largely influence by our Biology

Biology and Behavior

Our Behavior is largely influence by

our Biology

The Brain is like the center control

BRAINThe brain is a mass of billions of

neurons

Three main parts of the brain1.Brain stem

- is the lowest section of the brain which connects it to the spinal cord.

2.Cerebellum - is at the back of the brain stem and is linked to it by nerve tracts.

3.Cerebrum - it is the largest part of the brain.

Cerebrum - The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.

Cerebrum

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

The CerebrumThe cerebrum is divided into sections

or lobes.The four lobes are:

1. frontal2. temporal

3. parietal4. occipital

Frontal LobeThe Frontal Lobe

Controls:1.Motor Functions2.Higher Order Functions3.Planning 4.Reasoning5.Judgment 6.Impulse Control7.Memory

3 Divisions1.Prefrontal Cortex

- Controls the expression of personality, planning and cognitive processes

- Lobotomies

2.Motor3.Premotor Areas

Motor and Premotor areas deal with

voluntary muscle movement

TemporalFunctions of the Temporal Lobe:1. Hearing 2. Memory3. Speech

4. Emotional Responses5. Visual Perception

Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe

The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull.

• It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:

- Senses and integrates sensation(s)

- Spatial awareness and perception(Proprioception - Awareness of

body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)

Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe

The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull.

• Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of

VISION and visual stimuli.

Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

The Nervous System

Nervous System• Responsible for regulating 5 things

1. Internal functions2. Reactions

3. External Events4. Learning 5. Memory

2 Major Components of the Nervous Sytem

1. The Central Nervous System2. The Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS)

- Transmits messages from Brain to Muscles and glands throughout body

- Made up of 2 parts1. Brain2. Spinal Chord

The Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)Sends messages between the CNS and all other

parts of the body

Divided into 2 parts1. Somatic

• Communicates with the skin and skeletal muscles.2. Autonomic

• Communicates with smooth muscles, heart muscle and glands.

Somatic Nervous System

• Soma = body• Controls • Muscles• Tendons • Joints• Voluntary functions

Made up of a multitude of Afferent and Efferent neuron

pairings

Afferent vs. Efferent Neurons

Afferent neurons• Incoming – sensory

neurons• Examples: Skin

Efferent Neurons• Outgoing neurons –

motor neurons

Afferent and Efferent Explained a little differentlyAfferent neurons are like the

little brother who gets picked on and then goes and calls on his bigger brother (Efferent neurons) to come and take care of business.

Afferent – the messengerEfferent – the muscle

https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=EjBPUdLOVHU

Autonomic Nervous System

The Involuntary control center

Example: Shine a light in someone’s eye, the eye

dilates

Divided into 2 systems:

1.Sympathetic2.Parasympatheti

c

Sympathetic Branch

1. Expands energy when body needs it - Ex: getting a 2nd wind

2. Responds in sympathy of hard times (instinctual emotional response)

3. Speed up body processes when necessary-Ex: adrenaline rush

Adrenaline!

https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=IE6an0WtjmI

Fight or Flighthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=6gLoivg6EJs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQUv37Tl1qc

Parasympathetic Branch

- “Para” means “alongside”- Mends and restores the energy that

you’ve lost- Often happens when you’re unconscious

- Ex: Sleeping- Ex: Passing Out after adrenaline rush- Ex: Getting light-headed after workout

= your nervous system telling your body to slow down

Chemicals and hormones and their

transmission throughout our body influence

behavior, cognitions and emotions

Neuron