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Definition
Biometrics is the identification or
verification of human identity through themeasurement of repeatable
physiological and behavioralcharacteristics.
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ATMs
Cellular phones
Smart cards
Desktop PCs
Workstations Computer network
PINs and passwords may be forgotten,
Token-based identification methods such
as passports and drivers licenses may be
forged, stolen, or lost.
Why Biometrics ?
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Convenient
Passwords are not user-friendly
Perceived as more secure May actually be more secure
Passive identification
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Biometrics can be sorted into two classes:
Physiological
Examples-face,fingerprints,hand geometryand iris Recognition,dna.
BehavioralExamples-signature and voice.
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Universality: Every person should have thecharacteristic. People who are mute or without afingerprint will need to be accommodated in someway.
Uniqueness: Generally, no two people haveidentical characteristics. However, identical twinsare hard to distinguish.
Permanence: The characteristics should not varywith time. A person's face, for example, maychange with age.
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Performance: The method must deliveraccurate results under varied environmentalcircumstances.
Acceptability: The general public must acceptthe sample collection routines. Nonintrusivemethods are more acceptable.
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Biometric devices consist of a reader orscanning device software that converts
the gathered information into digitalform, and a database that stores thebiometric data with comparison withexisting records.
Enrollment Mode.
Verification Mode.
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Enrollment Mode:
A sample of the biometric trait is captured,processed by a computer, and stored forlater comparison.
Verification Mode:
In this mode biometric system authenticatesa persons claimed identity from theirpreviously enrolled pattern.
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Fingerprint Recognition:
For fingerprint Recognition look at:
Friction ridges.Core
Crossover.
Delta.Island
Ridge Ending.
Pore.
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A live acquisition of apersons fingerprint.
Dots (very small ridges),
Space between two
temporarily divergent
ridges),
Spurs (a notch protruding
from a ridge), Bridges (small ridges joining
two longer adjacent ridges),
crossovers (two ridges that
cross each other).
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.rediris.es/cert/doc/unixsec/fingerprint.png&imgrefurl=http://www.rediris.es/cert/doc/unixsec/node14.html&h=319&w=324&sz=82&tbnid=nsqpgOKmxDkJ:&tbnh=112&tbnw=113&start=17&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfingerprint%26svnum%3D50%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG8/3/2019 Bio Metrics 1
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Hand or finger geometry is an
automated measurement of many
dimensions of the hand and
fingers.
Hand Geometry
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It involves recognizing people by there:
Facial features.
Face geometry.
Principle:
Analysis of unique shape, pattern andpositioning of facial features.
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Voice recognition is not the same asspeech recognition, it is speakerrecognition.
Considered both physiological andbehavioral.
Popular and low-cost, but lessaccurate and sometimes lengthyenrollment.
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Iris:
It is the coloured area of the eye that
surrounds the pupil.
It is a protected internal organ whose
random texture is stable throughout life.
The iris patterns are obtained through a
video-based image acquisition system .
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Iris scanning measures the iris
pattern in the colored part of the
eye.
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Static/Off-line:the conventional way.
Dynamic/On-line:using electronically
instrumented device.
Principle:
The movement of the pen during the
signing process rather than the static imageof the signature.Many aspects of thesignature in motion can be studied, such aspen pressure, the sound the pen makes.
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Optical fingerprintscanner:
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Security personnel look for biometricdata that does not change over the
course of your life; that is, they look forphysical characteristics that stayconstant and that are difficult to fake orchange on purpose.
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Prevent unauthorized access to ATMs,Cellular phones, Smart cards, DesktopPCs, Workstations, Computernetwork.
Criminal identification,prison security.Electronic commerce,Electronic banking.
In automobiles biometrics can replacekeys with keyless entry devices.Airport security,voter cards,civilian
applications.
APPLICATIONS
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Body OdorBody odor can be digitally recordedfor identification. A British company, MastiffElectronic System Ltd. Is working on such a system
DNA MatchingThe is the ultimate biometrictechnology that can produce proof positiveidentification of an individual
Keystroke DynamicsKeystroke dynamics, alsoreferred to as typing rhythms, is an innovativebiometric technology
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Accuracy
Unique data
Automated biometric identification
Protection of identity
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The finger print of those people working in Chemicalindustries are often affected. Therefore these companiesshould not use the finger print mode of authentication.
It is found that with age, the voice of a person differs. Alsowhen the person has flu or throat infection the voicechanges or if there are too much noise in the environmentthis method may not authenticate correctly. Therefore thismethod of verification is not workable all the time
For people affected with diabetes, the eyes get affectedresulting in differences.
Biometrics is an expensive security solution.
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1. All authentication methods are prone to errors.Nevertheless, reliable user authentication must ensure thatan attacker cannot masquerade as a legitimate user.
2.Biometrics is uniquely bound to individuals and may offerorganizations a stronger method of authentication.
3. Biometric systems are not foolproof; they can becompromised by: Submission of another persons biometric
Submission of enrollees biometric with the user underduress or incapacitated
4. A prudent balance between Security and Privacy needs tobe achieved.
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