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Bilaterate PhylaBilaterate Phyla
Phylogeny ReviewPhylogeny Review
ancestorCommon metazoan
Simple Bilaterian PhylaSimple Bilaterian Phyla
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes
TriploblasticTriploblastic Bilaterally SymmetricBilaterally Symmetric AceolomicAceolomic
Body Cavity ClassificationBody Cavity Classification
Acoelomate Internal Acoelomate Internal OrganizationOrganization
Platyhelminthe Taxonomic Platyhelminthe Taxonomic CharacteriesticsCharacteriestics Free-living v parasiticFree-living v parasitic
Incomplete gutIncomplete gut No circulatory systemNo circulatory system Centralized nervous systemCentralized nervous system Secretory glandsSecretory glands Excretory organsExcretory organs Reproductive Reproductive
organs organs InnervatedInnervated
musculature musculaturePseudoceros bifurcus
Platyhelminthes Reproduction Platyhelminthes Reproduction ModesModes SexualSexual
Monoecious (hermaphroditic)Monoecious (hermaphroditic) Free living forms typically cross fertilizeFree living forms typically cross fertilize Schistosoma spSchistosoma sp of flukes are dioecious of flukes are dioecious
AsexualAsexual Freshwater turbellarians’ regenerative propertiesFreshwater turbellarians’ regenerative properties Intermediate forms of parasitic classesIntermediate forms of parasitic classes
Sporogomy of encysted miracidium and redia Sporogomy of encysted miracidium and redia formsforms
Platyhelminthes TaxonomyPlatyhelminthes Taxonomy
Class TurbellariaClass Turbellaria Free living planarians & marine flatwormsFree living planarians & marine flatworms
Class TrematodaClass Trematoda Internal FlukesInternal Flukes
Class MonogeneaClass Monogenea External FlukesExternal Flukes
Class CestodaClass Cestoda TapewormsTapeworms
All Parasitic
Class Turbellaria – PlanarianClass Turbellaria – Planarian
Dugesia sp
Movement of Free Living Movement of Free Living TurbellariansTurbellarians crawling crawling DugesiaDugesia
crawling crawling BdelluraBdellura
swimming swimming polycladpolyclad
Generalized Turbellarian Generalized Turbellarian AnatomyAnatomy
Turbellarian Organ Systems Turbellarian Organ Systems
Protonephridia –Flame cells & tube cells
Turbellarian Organ SystemsTurbellarian Organ Systems
Orders of Class TurbellariaOrders of Class Turbellaria
OrderTricladida
OrderPolycladida
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria Class Turbellaria
Two tiger flatworms Two tiger flatworms ((Pseudoceros Pseudoceros crozerricrozerri) on clump ) on clump of orange sea squirts of orange sea squirts ((Ecteinascidia Ecteinascidia turbinata: turbinata: tunicates) tunicates) in Bermudain Bermuda
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Phlym PlatyhelminthesPhlym PlatyhelminthesClass Turbellaria, Class Turbellaria,
Order PolycladidaOrder Polycladida
Pseudocerus Pseudocerus hancockanumhancockanum
CoralCoral – Tubastrea – Tubastrea aurea aurea
TunicateTunicate – Aplidium – Aplidium cratiferum cratiferum
Phlym PlatyhelminthesPhlym PlatyhelminthesClass Turbellaria, Class Turbellaria,
Order PolycladidaOrder Polycladida
Amphiscolops spAmphiscolops sp
The flatwormThe flatworm Mesostoma, Mesostoma, catching and eatingcatching and eating Daphnia Daphnia
Video Clip
Class Trematoda - FlukesClass Trematoda - Flukes
Require 2 or more hostsRequire 2 or more hosts Definitive hostDefinitive host
Where sexually reproducing fluke livesWhere sexually reproducing fluke lives Intermediate hostsIntermediate hosts
Intermediate larval/asexual forms encystIntermediate larval/asexual forms encyst
Generalize Fluke Body PlanGeneralize Fluke Body Plan
Parasitic Life CyclesParasitic Life Cycles HostsHosts
Single v multipleSingle v multiple Multiple hostsMultiple hosts
DefinitiveDefinitive Sexually reproductive stage of parasiteSexually reproductive stage of parasite
IntermediateIntermediate Asexually reproducing stages, larval stages of Asexually reproducing stages, larval stages of
parasiteparasite Parasitic adaptationsParasitic adaptations
Syncytial tegumentSyncytial tegument Loss of centralized nervous systemLoss of centralized nervous system Decreased digestive & excretory systemsDecreased digestive & excretory systems
Fluke HostsFluke Hosts
Definitive HostsDefinitive Hosts Mammals, Reptiles, BirdsMammals, Reptiles, Birds
Intermediate HostsIntermediate Hosts ArthorpodsArthorpods GastropodsGastropods FishFish
Clonorchis sinensis Life Cycle – Human Liver Fluke
Trematode StagesTrematode Stages
Adult – fluke in liver, bile ducts, respiratory tract, Adult – fluke in liver, bile ducts, respiratory tract, bloodblood
Miracidium – ciliated, swimming larvaeMiracidium – ciliated, swimming larvae Sporocyst – asexually reproductive stage producing Sporocyst – asexually reproductive stage producing
redia (within sporocyst)redia (within sporocyst) Redia – 2Redia – 2ndnd asexual phase producing cercaria asexual phase producing cercaria Cercaria – free swimming larval form Cercaria – free swimming larval form Metacercaria – encysted cercariaMetacercaria – encysted cercaria
ClonorchisClonorchis Stages Stages
Adult Fluke
Egg
Sporocyst
RediaCercaria
Metacercarial cyst
Blood Flukes:Blood Flukes:Schistosoma Schistosoma japonicumjaponicum & & Schistosoma Schistosoma mansonimansoni
Swimmer’s ItchSwimmer’s Itch
Encysted metacercaria of Encysted metacercaria of avian schistosomesavian schistosomes
Class MonogeneaClass Monogenea
Monogenea – 1 hostMonogenea – 1 host External flukesExternal flukes
Fish gillFish gill No intermediate hostsNo intermediate hosts
Class Cestoda - TapewormsClass Cestoda - Tapeworms Two hostsTwo hosts
Definitive host – carnivoreDefinitive host – carnivore Intermediate host – herbivore Intermediate host – herbivore
Adults live in intestine of Adults live in intestine of definitive hostdefinitive host
Larval stages encyst in muscleLarval stages encyst in muscleof intermediate hostof intermediate host
Cestode Body PlanCestode Body Plan
Attach via scolexAttach via scolex Proglottids develop from Proglottids develop from
base of scolexbase of scolex Proglottids mature Proglottids mature
reproductivelyreproductively Proglottids are shed in Proglottids are shed in
feces or crawl from anal feces or crawl from anal openingopening
Taenia Taenia saginata saginata Life CycleLife Cycle- Human/Beef - Human/Beef TapewormTapeworm
Taenia solium – Human/Pork Taenia solium – Human/Pork TapewormTapeworm
Broad fish Tapeworm Broad fish Tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latumDiphyllobothrium latum
Cestode Cestode OrgansOrgans Each proglottid Each proglottid
matures as an egg matures as an egg sacksack
Host SpecificityHost Specificity
Hydatid CystsHydatid Cysts Encystment of larva in definitive rather than Encystment of larva in definitive rather than
intermediate hostintermediate host CysticercosisCysticercosis Taenia soliumTaenia solium and and T. saginataT. saginata
Hydatid Cysts in Human HeartHydatid Cysts in Human Heart
Hydatid Cysts in Human BrainHydatid Cysts in Human Brain
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