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Principles of Just War Theory
∆ War must be a Last Resort– Non-violence options
exhausted
∆ Waged by Legitimate authority
∆ Fought to right a wrong– “right intentions”
∆ Fought with reasonable chance of success– Wrongful deaths are not
just
Principles of Just War Theory
∆ Ultimate goal: Reestablish Peace
∆ Weapons must separate between “combatants and non-combatants”– a.k.a. Military v
Civilian
What is Radical Islam?
∆ Conflict between modernism, traditionalism– Modernism: western
industrialization, commercialism
– Traditionalism: return to “glory days” of world dominated by Islam
– Radical Islamists believe that people who intro western ways are evil or the enemy (infection of Islam)
∆ Muslim governments may be the enemy, too if they adopt Western ways
Asymmetric Warfare: The Rise of Islamist Terrorism
∆ Problem: Confronting the West
∆ Question: How could the Islamists hope to challenge the military strength of the Americans (and, for a while, Soviets)?
Answer: Asymmetric Warfare
∆ Two sides in conflict that have vastly different capabilities
∆ Weaker side resorts to novel strategies to “even the odds”
∆ One strategy = terrorism
Terrorism
∆ Systematic use of fear, especially as a means of coercion, against non-combatants (civilians) to achieve an ideological goal
Why is Terrorism so Effective?
∆ “Uncivilized” way of fighting
∆ Targets civilians∆ Incomprehensible to
West (cultural differences)– Value of human life– Relative importance of
religion
Notable Terrorist Attacks
∆ Lebanon, 1982: Bombing of US marines barracks in Beirut (242)
∆ Lockerbie, Scotland, 1988: Midair bombing / destruction of Pan Am flight 103 (259)
Notable Terrorist Attacks
∆ New York City, 1993: Bombing of WTC, killing 6 / injuring 1000
∆ Yemen, 2000: USS Cole attack (37 sailors)
Notable Terrorist Attacks
∆ World Trade Center– 1993 Bombing
• 1,500 lbs of explosive un parking garage
• 6 people killed
– 9/11/01• Attack against the
Principles of the United States
Rise of Al-Qaeda
∆ Founded in 1988 at end of Soviet invasion
∆ Umbrella group that coordinated, funded different Islamist terrorist groups
∆ Est. training camps in Afghanistan (guerrilla tactics, bomb making)
Rise of Al-Qaeda
∆ Goals of Al-Qaeda1. Overthrow secular
Muslim gov’ts (esp Saudi Arabian gov’t)
2. Support radical Islamist movements around world
3. Encourage rise of worldwide Islamic Caliphate
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