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Beth Forrest WarnerDirector, Digital Library InitiativesUniversity of Kansas
Presentation to Oregon State University Library
May 5, 2003
Evolution of Access
Card catalogsOnline catalogsOnline databasesOnline journalsThe Web
Confusion!
Variety of Resources
E-journals / e-serialsCitation databasesFull-text databasesNon-serial content such as e-books, government documents, numeric datasets, spatial data, eprints, images, audio, video, websites, etc.Content manipulation toolsAnd, don’t forget print...
Current Environment
Many individual databases, journals, websites, etc. to searchNo standardization Presentation / “Look and Feel” Searching Content
Preservation and access issues
Primary Campus Needs
Effective, efficient access to existing networked scholarly / research materialsStandards / methods for creation of new digital contentEffective, long-term management and dissemination of campus research information
User’s Perspective
Don’t bother me with the details, just get me to the stuff I want –
preferably online –
preferably NOW!
Our Challenge
Bringing people and content together accurately, easily, efficiently…
Defining the Solution
Need mechanisms for… regaining control of scholarly information collecting and organizing the information that
faculty and students need for their work providing a standardized, common framework
to create and manage these resources
In short, a digital library…
What is a Digital Library?
Selected and managed digital collectionsSchema for organizing and accessSupporting infrastructure and architectureSystems, not projects “archetypes” not “prototypes”
SustainableClosely tied to the academic mission and built in collaboration with scholarship
Content and users are the two fundamentals that drive digital library development. Foremost are the people using the technological systems we design, and the content held within those systems.
Digital Library Fundamentals
Technology
Conte
nt Users
Sound Familiar…???
Basic hallmark of a library - the ability to provide coherence and context for access to disparate collections of information resources.
A critical principle to carry forward into the digital environment and
A distinguishing characteristic that separates digital libraries from simple collections of links to electronic objects.
More than links on a webpage…
“[…] a ‘digital library’ is not merely equivalent to a digitized collection with information management tools. It is rather an environment to bring together collections, services and people in support of the full life cycle of creation, dissemination, use, and preservation of data, information and knowledge”.
– Report of the Santa Fe Planning Workshop on Distributed Knowledge Work Environments: Digital Libraries, (1997),
http://www.si.umich.edu/SantaFe/
So, where do we begin??
Digital Library as Framework
Schema for organizing and accessSupporting infrastructure and architectureSystems, not projects “archetypes” not “prototypes
Basic Principles
StandardsInteroperability
Digital Library Components
Strategic componentsArchitectural components
Strategic Components
Applications &Applications &EnvironmentsEnvironments
Information ResourcesInformation Resourcesand Systemsand Systems
Information InfrastructureInformation Infrastructure
Distributed Network & Computing Distributed Network & Computing InfrastructureInfrastructure
Architectural Components
Presentation & navigationResource discoveryLocal & remote repositoriesManagement policies & services
Presentation / Navigation
Resource Discovery
Repositories
Pol
icie
s
Services
The First Component…
…Presentation & Navigation:The Digital Library Portal
Presentation / Navigation
Resource Discovery
Repositories
Pol
icie
s
Services
DL Portal GuidelinesProvide a consistent framework to get to everything
incorporate all categories of content offer tiers of access integrate existing resources and systems incorporate creation and manipulation tools provide customization & personalization mechanisms
Accommodate all users, especially distant learnersSupport authentication / authorization servicesProvide simple and elegant navigation & accessDo it all via the web
Making it Your Own…Customization: Web pages with content, services, and resources developed for specific types of clientele based on subject area and level of scholarship; i.e. a graduate student in engineering or a faculty member in biology.
Personalization: The capability to add, delete, and alter the content and organization of individual web pages and interfaces through a secure system. Essentially, users have the ability to create their own expert interfaces based on a general design, specific resources, and scaleable technologies provided through the DLI.
both are usefulboth should be availableneither should be mandatory
The Second Component…
…Resource Discovery
Presentation / Navigation
Resource Discovery
Repositories
Pol
icie
s
Services
Resource Discovery
THE predominant function of the portalIntegrated end user search across multiple data types and databasesThe portal becomes more than lots of links on a web page…
Resource Discovery
Primary approaches: Search individual databases… Metadata harvesting and local
consolidation Federated / meta- searching Resource linking
Metadata Harvesting
Consolidation of metadata from multiple resourcesOAI – Open Archives Initiatives Based on standard metadata format
and export protocols Dublin Core, various community extensions
Generally used with non-commercial resources so far
www.openarchives.org
Federated Searching
Single search access to Commercial content Other resources (searchable web
sites, local repositories, etc.) Local OPAC
Multi-protocol searching Z39.50 HTTP XML Gateways
Resource Linking
Linking citations /references to full-text, other objectsOpenURL
Current Access
User Interface
BibliographicDatabase
Z39.50DatabaseZ39.50
DatabaseZ39.50Database
Z39.50DatabaseZ39.50
DatabaseDatabases
ViaHTTP
Z39.50DatabaseZ39.50
DatabaseXMLGateways
User InterfaceUser Interface
User Interface
Enhanced Access
User Interface
BibliographicDatabase
Z39.50DatabaseZ39.50
DatabaseZ39.50Database
Z39.50DatabaseZ39.50
DatabaseDatabases
ViaHTTP
Z39.50DatabaseZ39.50
DatabaseXMLGateways
Collection Server
“Remember: only librarians like to search, everyone else likes to find.”
-- Roy Tennant California Digital Library
The Third Component…
…Repositories
Presentation / Navigation
Resource Discovery
Repositories
Pol
icie
s
Services
Types of Repositories
RemoteLocal
Local Repositories
Factors have evolved & combined to create new expectations in the academic community for the production, distribution,
and interchange of scholarly communications
Local Repositories
Local repositories support: Persistent storage/migration Persistent access and retrieval Persistent object names Wide availability (subject to copyright,
etc.) Access control (authentication, rights
management)
Local Repositories
Local management of locally created materials Object registry & publishing capabilities Standardized metadata Standardized content formats Object migration path Standard “look & feel”
Dissemination mechanism
a specialized example…
Institutional Repositories
What are institutional repositories? Digital collections that capture and preserve the
intellectual output of university communities A set of services that a university offers to the
members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.
Most essentially, an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution.
Why Institutional Repositories?
Respond to key strategic issues facing academic institutions Provide a central component in
reforming scholarly communication by stimulating innovation in a disaggregated publishing structure
Tangible indicators of an institution’s quality, thus increasing its visibility, prestige, and public value
Why Institutional Repositories?
Stimulate innovation in new disaggregated publishing structuresBuild on growing grassroots faculty practice of self-posting research onlineProvide more consistent, cost-effective methods of managing intellectual assets
The Fourth Component…
…Services
Presentation / Navigation
Resource Discovery
Repositories
Pol
icie
s
Services
Digital Library ServicesNavigationSearch protocolsAccess management (IAA, DRM)Metadata creationObject creationObject registryName resolutionSpecialized tools (GIS, data analysis, etc.)Manipulation processesArchiving / migration
The Final Component…
…Policies & Guidelines
Presentation / Navigation
Resource Discovery
Repositories
Pol
icie
s
Services
Policy & Guideline Issues
Design (“look & feel”, branding)Access Standards (content, metadata, naming)Resource registrationEconomicsResponsibilitiesRights managementArchiving / migrationInteroperabilityStandardsProject selection
Local Metadata Access Repositories
Remote Metadata Repositories
Remote Object Repositories
Search / Retrieve
Display Interface(s)
Object / Metadata Masters Repositories
Naming Conventions
Object Format Standards
Metadata Standards
Rights
EconomicsMetadata Creation
Access Management
Controlled Vocabularies
Specialized Tools
Manipulation Processes
Object Creation
Migration
Services
Pol
i cie
s &
Gu i
delin
es
Access
IR Protocols
Consolidated Metadata Repository
Dyn
am
ica
lly g
en
era
ted
de
riva
tive
Ext
ract
ed
Da
ta
Navigation Processes
Object Registry
Responsibilities
Registration
Design
Digital Library Architecture
Bringing It All Together…
Durable collections Standards, migration strategies
Sustainable architecture Interoperable, integrated, scalable
Collaboration Internal, external
Leveraging activity and expertise Open Source development From prototypes to archetypes
Development Principles for the Digital Library:
Questions?Beth Forrest WarnerDirector, Digital Library InitiativesUniversity of Kansasbwarner@ku.edu
http://kudiglib.ku.edu
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