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Best Practice on Accessibility
Alma SwanKey Perspectives Ltd, Truro, UK
University of Southampton (School Electronics & Computer Science)
Warwick Business School
Awayday for Research Institute Directors, 25 October 2007 University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
Metrics
Yes, they are the promised basis of future RAEs
Some idea already of what that might mean Will obviously have to play the RAE game Plenty more metrics to be developed Universities should be thinking about this
and deciding what will be informative to measure in future
Key Perspectives Ltd
The bases for assessment
Need something to measure from Starting point: CRIS data Next point: research outputs Between them: provide a complete
picture of research activity in an institution
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Raw material collection
Where from? What? Where ? How? Will it be easy? What is the price of failure?
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Raw material collection
Where from? The creators of the outputs What? Open Access material (i.e.
outputs in a form that you are permitted to collect and store locally)
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Open Access: How?
Open Access journals (www.doaj.org)
Open Access repositories (author ‘self-archiving’)
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Raw material collection
Where from? The creators of the outputs What? Open Access material (i.e.
outputs in a form that you are permitted to collect and store locally)
Where ? The institution’s repository How? By implementing a policy
Will it be easy? Yes (and no) What is the price of failure? Obscurity
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The U.Southampton conundrum…
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The G-Factor rankings
(universitymetrics.com)
The creators of the outputs Largely uninformed and unaware Some have realised the benefits
themselves Research funders are assisting (Some) Research publishers are also
assisting Vast majority want clear policies Most people appreciate some help
Key Perspectives Ltd
Author experience so far
Only 24% of authors have submitted an article to an Open Access journal
Only 22% have self-archived in their institutional repository
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Self-archiving rates
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Preprinton webpage
Postprinton webpage
Preprint inIR
Postprintin IR
Preprint insubjectarchive
Postprintin subjectarchive
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Interoperable repositories
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But …
Still only 15% of research is Open Access
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How to increase repository content
Harvest from websites Harvest from OA journals Provide mediated deposit Put policy in place that ensures the
creators do most of the work
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Policies, and mandatory policies
Policy from the NIH (USA) Mandatory policy from Wellcome Trust Mandatory policies from 6 of 7 UK research councils Mandatory policies from the Australian Research
Council and the Australian Medical Research Council An almost-mandate from the DFG and Max Planck
Gesellschaft, Germany An almost-mandate from the FWF, Austria Dutch policy for the universities in the DARE network National policy being developed in Sweden Policy from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,
etc
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University of Tasmania
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700Ju
n-0
4
Jul-0
4
Au
g-0
4
Se
p-0
4
Oct
-04
No
v-0
4
De
c-0
4
Jan
-05
Fe
b-0
5
Ma
r-0
5
Ap
r-0
5
Ma
y-0
5
Jun
-05
Actualdocuments
DESTpublications
Data courtesy of Arthur Sale Key Perspectives Ltd
University of Queensland
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
03/0
2/20
04
03/0
3/20
04
03/0
4/20
04
03/0
5/20
04
03/0
6/20
04
03/0
7/20
04
03/0
8/20
04
03/0
9/20
04
03/1
0/20
04
03/1
1/20
04
03/1
2/20
04
03/0
1/20
05
03/0
2/20
05
03/0
3/20
05
03/0
4/20
05
03/0
5/20
05
03/0
6/20
05
03/0
7/20
05
03/0
8/20
05
03/0
9/20
05
03/1
0/20
05
Do
cum
ents
Documents
DEST
Data courtesy of Arthur Sale Key Perspectives Ltd
Queensland University of Technology
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
24/0
5/20
04
24/0
6/20
04
24/0
7/20
04
24/0
8/20
04
24/0
9/20
04
24/1
0/20
04
24/1
1/20
04
24/1
2/20
04
24/0
1/20
05
24/0
2/20
05
24/0
3/20
05
24/0
4/20
05
24/0
5/20
05
24/0
6/20
05
24/0
7/20
05
24/0
8/20
05
24/0
9/20
05
Do
cum
ents
Data courtesy of Arthur Sale Key Perspectives Ltd
Author readiness to comply with a mandate
0 20 40 60 80 100
% respondents
Would complywillingly
Would complyreluctantly
Would notcomply
81%
14%
5%
Key Perspectives Ltd
Case study I: ECS, Southampton School of Electronics &
Computer Science, University of Southampton
Mandate early 2003 Sanctioned in the sense
that assessment is based upon repository content
It works
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Case study II: Minho University
Minho University, Braga, Portugal
Repository established 2003 Mandate introduced 2005
when self-archiving rate dropped off
Mandate backed by financial incentives paid to departments
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Minho University repository
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Dec-04
Dec-05
Jun-06
Mandate introduced
(Data courtesy of Eloy Rodrigues) Key Perspectives Ltd
Case study III: QUT QUT, Brisbane Mandate introduced by
DVC Tom Cochrane at the beginning of 2004
Not sanctioned, but supported by vigorous and sympathetic library advocacy
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Carrot-and-stick approach
Carrot(s): Explicit reward (money, RAE return, etc) Advocacy on the use of a repository Information on visibility Information on impact Practical help
Stick: find the right way to say “You will…”
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An institutional repository provides researchers with:
The means to disseminate their work, free, to the world
Secure storage (for completed work and for work-in-progress)
A location for supporting data that are unpublished
One-input-many outputs (CVs, publications) Tool for research assessment e-science domain
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‘Atkins’ report
‘The primary access to the latest findings in a growing number of fields is through the Web, then through classic preprints and conferences, and lastly through refereed archival papers’.
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Visibility
“Self-archiving …. has given instant world-wide visibility to my work. As a result, I was invited to submit papers to refereed international conferences/journals and got them accepted.”
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Impact
0 50 100 150 200 250
% increase in citations with Open Access
BiologyEconomics
Political SciHealth SciBusiness
EducationManagement
LawPsychology
SociologyPhysics
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Range = 36%-200%(Data: Stevan Harnad and co-workers)
Measure usage and impact (Citebase)
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Practical help
Copyright (SHERPA RoMEO)
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Publisher permissions (by journal)
62%
29%
9%
'Green' (postprints) 'Pale green' (preprints) 'Grey' (neither yet)
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Practical help
Copyright (SHERPA RoMEO) Mediation Reminders
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The stick…
Institution-wide (best, obviously) ‘Patchwork mandate’ (Arthur Sale) Should be backed up by monitoring
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Mandate when? At acceptance for publication: the author’s final
version Mandate the deposit at that point
Mandate OA to full-text unless there is a compelling reason against this
If there is a compelling reason, mandate OA to metadata
Mandate opening of full-text at 6 months The publisher’s PDF can be added, or linked
to, later
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Summary Policies nice but largely ineffectual Mandates work and so increasing Be smart about how they are implemented Deposit at acceptance (peer reviewed):
Open metadata immediately Open full-text later if necessary
Deposit author’s final version; add published version later if desired
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Author readiness to comply with a mandate
0 20 40 60 80 100
% respondents
Would complywillingly
Would complyreluctantly
Would notcomply
81%
14%
5%
Key Perspectives Ltd
Key Perspectives Ltd
Thank you for listening
aswan@keyperspectives.co.uk
www.keyperspectives.co.uk
www.keyperspectives.com
Key Perspectives Ltd
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