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Bellwork 3/14/14. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bellwork 3/14/14 You are a 15 year-old living in England
where the Industrial Revolution has spurred the growth of thousands of factories. Cheap labor is in great demand. Like millions of other teenagers, you do not go to school. Instead, you work in a factory 6 days a week, 14 hours a day. The small pay you receive is needed to help support your family. You trudge to work before dawn every day and work until after sundown. Inside the workplace the air is hot and foul, and after sunset it is so dark it is hard to see. Minding the machines is exhausting, dirty, and dangerous.
1. Would you attempt to change your working conditions in the factory? Which conditions?
2. Would you join a union, go to school, or run away?
25.2 Industrialization
The factory system changes the way people live and work,
introducing a variety of problems
Industrialization Changes Life
Factory Work Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for
more expensive goods
Industrial Cities Rise Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to
cities Growing population provides work force and a market for
factory goods British industrial cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester,
Liverpool
1. What do you think was the reason for the jump in population from 1700-1900?
Living Conditions
Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums
Life span in one large city is only 17 years
Living Conditions
Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes
Living Conditions Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes
and building codes Cities also without adequate housing,
education, and police protection
Working Conditions
Average working day is 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round
Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Class Tensions Grow The Middle Class
Middle class—skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals
Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners and aristocrats
Middle class has comfortable standard of living
Class Tensions Grow
The Working Class Laborers’ lives not
improved; some laborers replaced by machines
Luddites and other groups destroy machinery that puts them out of work
Unemployment is a serious problem; unemployed workers riot
The Luddites
• Named after Ned Ludd, who was a laborer who destroyed the new machines in protest.
• Beginning in 1811, Luddites attacked whole factories and protested – they wanted their skills and labor to be needed.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Immediate Benefits Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological
progress Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing
improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and
conditions Long-Term Effects
Improved living and working conditions still evident today
Governments use increased tax revenues for urban developments
Case Study: Manchester
The Mills of Manchester Manchester has labor, water, power, nearby
port at Liverpool. Poor live and work in unhealthy, even
dangerous environment Business owners make profits by risking their
own money on factories Eventually, working class sees its standard of
living rise some
Case Study: Manchester Children in Manchester Factories
Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured
1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river Nonetheless, Manchester produces
consumer goods and creates wealth
The Day of a Child Laborer, William Cooper
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