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Structural
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2015-10-08
Bella Hotel Bella Hotel
Image size: 7,94 cm x 25,4 cm
Bella Sky •Taking precast concrete to the limit
Alternative title slide
Kaare K.B. Dahl
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
Agenda
• The background
• Key figures
• Handling the vertical load
• Horizontal stability
• Steel or concrete?
• 3 of the greatest challenges
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Bella Hotel
Project team
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Owner: Bella Conference Center
Architect: 3xN
Structures: Ramboll
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Bella Hotel
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Bella Conference Center
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Bella Hotel
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Basic requirements • 4-star hotel • >800 rooms • Max. height 78.235m above sea level • Direct acces to the Bella Center • Northern road uninterrupted
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Bella Hotel
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Bella Hotel
Key figures
• two 76.5 m high towers
• 24 stories
• 2 connecting bridges
• 812 4-star hotel rooms
• 44.000 m2
• 3 restaurants
• 32 meeting rooms
• 800.000.000 BRL
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Bella Hotel
A leaning building
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Pisa: 4 degrees
Bella Hotel: 15 degrees
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Bella Hotel
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Tower 1 Horizontal displacement of the top 10 stories
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Tower 2 Horizontal displacement of the lower 14 stories
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Main forces
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Destabilizing moment
1.200.000 kNm
Max. foundation load
300.000 kN acting on
15*20m slab
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Bella Hotel
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Basic buildup
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Bella Hotel
Precast elements
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Why do the towers lean?
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Bella Hotel
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6.616 concrete elements
• walls
• columns
• beams
• hollow core slabs
450 staircase concrete elements
The main structural system (as we thought it was going to be at the very start)
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Bella Hotel
The main structural system as it really is
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Bella Hotel
Leading horizontal loads towards the back
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Normal floor plan
6. floor
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Bella Hotel
Calculations
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Bella Hotel
Horizontal and vertical load take-down The whole structure is calculated in one go
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Structural calculations using ROBOT:
13 load cases
6-9 iterations pr. loadcase
Computertime per tower: 3 PC’s each 48 hours
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Bella Hotel
Iterations – correct modelling of foundations
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Starting point
Iteration: 1
Iteration: 2
Iteration: 3
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Bella Hotel
Horizontal stability
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Bella Hotel
Basic buildup
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Bella Hotel
Longditudinal stability Tower 1
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Bella Hotel 30
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Longditudinal stability Tower 1
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Longditudinal stability Tower 1
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Transverse stabilitet
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Bella Hotel
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Steel or Concrete?
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2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
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Why precast concrete instead of steel frame?
• Stiffness • A steel frame structure will require many diagonals.. • low selfweight=> vibrationproblems.
• Sound transmission • very demanding transmission values between rooms is readily solved by using concrete walls.
• Firesafety • Steel requires fireproofing – concrete does not.
• Quick erection of main structural system • there is – after all – only a few leaning elements.
• Overall shorter time for building the house • there are many walls in this building.
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
Steel or concrete?
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2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
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Why precast concrete instead of steel frame?
• Stiffness • A steel frame structure will require many diagonals.. • low selfweight=> vibrationproblems.
• Sound transmission • very demanding transmission values between rooms is readily solved by using concrete walls.
• Firesafety • Steel requires fireproofing – concrete does not.
• Quick erection of main structural system • there is – after all – only a few leaning elements.
• Overall shorter time for building the house • there are many walls in this building.
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
Vibrations
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Comfort criteria (ISO 10137) residential: max. 0.047 m/s2 office: max. 0.071 m/s2 Calculation max 0.068 m/s2
Comfort criteria residential: max. 0.04 m/s2 office: max. 0.06 m/s2 Calculation max 0.042 m/s2
0.68 Hz 1.07 Hz
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
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Why precast concrete instead of steel frame?
• Stiffness • A steel frame structure will require many diagonals.. • low selfweight=> vibrationproblems.
• Sound transmission • very demanding transmission values between rooms is readily solved by using concrete walls.
• Firesafety • Steel requires fireproofing – concrete does not.
• Quick erection of main structural system • there is – after all – only a few leaning elements.
• Overall shorter time for building the house • there are many walls in this building.
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
General build-up
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≥ ≥
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
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Why precast concrete instead of steel frame?
• Stiffness • A steel frame structure will require many diagonals.. • low selfweight=> vibrationproblems.
• Sound transmission • very demanding transmission values between rooms is readily solved by using concrete walls.
• Firesafety • Steel requires fireproofing – concrete does not.
• Quick erection of main structural system • there is – after all – only a few leaning elements.
• Overall shorter time for building the house • there are many walls in this building.
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
General build-up
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≥ ≥
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3 of the greatest challenges
• The connection between the longitudinal and transvers wall
• Vertical joints in walls (shear capacity)
• The top connecting bridge
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Transvers wall
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Joint over transvers wall elements
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Transvers wall elements
Beam element (transvers vall)
Insitu joint (transvers wall) Longitudinal wall
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Joint over transverse wall elements
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320mm
500mm 700mm
23 stories 24 stories
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Joint over transvers wall elements
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Transvers wall elements
Beam element (transvers vall)
Insitu joint (transvers wall) Longitudinal wall
8Y25 in top and bottom
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Bella Hotel
Longitudinal wall
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Joint over longitudinal wall
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Longitudinal wall element
Insitu-joint (longitudinal wall)
Beam element (transvers wall)
4Y32 in top and bottom
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The connection between the longitudinal and transversal wall
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Joint over longitudinal wall
Joint over transvers wall
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Bella Hotel
Content slide 8 Y32
4 Y32 + 6 Y25 + 2 Y16
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Vertical joints in walls we need from 50 to 550kN/m
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50kN/m
550kN/m
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The top connecting bridge
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Connecting bridge
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Factors influencing the movements of the towers
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• Windload
• Wind on the facades
• Torsion of the towers
• Oscillation
• Eccentric liveload (long.)
• Eccentric liveload (transv.)
• Creep of the concrete
• Creep of the subsoil..
• ”Skewed” heating
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
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Tilnærmet flytning i bagenden er 12mm Settlement of heel
approx. 12mm
Settlement of toe approx. 22mm
Creep of subsoil PLAXIS-3D-calculations
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Bella Hotel
Factors influencing the movements of the towers
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• Windload
• Wind on the facades
• Torsion of the towers
• Oscillation
• Eccentric liveload (long.)
• Eccentric liveload (transv.)
• Creep of the concrete
• Creep of the subsoil
• ”Skewed” heating
2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
y
x
Resulting movement
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Ux Uy Partial Uxregn Uyregn
(mm) (mm
)
(mm) (mm)
Creep 140 18 1,00 140 18
Wind 7 71 1,00 7 71
Eccentric 16 60 1,00 16 60
Thermal 12 98 0,5/1,3 5 38
Total away 168 186
Total against 28 169
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Bella Hotel
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2015-10-08
Bella Hotel
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Thank you
Questions?
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