Bell Ringer What were the Intolerable Acts? Who carried out the attack that is known as the Boston...
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- Slide 1
- Bell Ringer What were the Intolerable Acts? Who carried out the
attack that is known as the Boston Tea Party? Who were the
Minutemen?
- Slide 2
- CH 5 Americans Revolt
- Slide 3
- The Start of it all On July 9 th, 1776 the Declaration of
Independence was read for the first time in New York City. The
immediate reaction of many of the colonists was to go pull down a
statue of King George III. Look at the next two images.
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- TCI Image
- Slide 5
- The Original by Johannes Adam Simon Oertel
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- Questions 1.What is different between these two images? Why?
2.Why might people be pulling down a Statue of King George III?
3.Is everyone in support of what is happening? 4.What does that (#3
& the Painting) say about the American Revolution at its
beginning?
- Slide 7
- America by the Numbers At the time of the revolution 2/5 of
colonists were patriots who believed they should be immediately
freed from Britain 1/5 of the colonist were Loyalists, or people
who continued to support Britain and felt they should not revolt at
all 2/5 of the colonists were moderates, who felt the colonies and
Britain could resolve their issues peacefully.
- Slide 8
- The Revolution Rebellion or War Depending on who you speak to
the conflict between the colonies and Britain could be a number of
things. Some people think that the event started at the Boston
Massacre, some think it dates back to the French and Indian war.
What most people do agree on is that taxes became one of the
biggest issues.
- Slide 9
- French & Indian War A land war was fought in North America
between 1754 -1763. This is known as the French and Indian war (as
the French and Indians largely fought together). Britain won this
war, but felt it was only fair that the colonist pay for it (as
Britain felt it was spending money helping the colonists)
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- Taxes Britain intended to get its payment through taxes. Sugar
Act: a tax passed on sugar and non- British goods. (Not noticed-
affects merchants) Stamp Act: A stamp is required on anything paper
(news papers, documents, playing cards). This causes a HUGE uproar
as it affects many people. Parliament would repeal the Stamp Act,
but maintains its authority to govern the colonies, and would
impose more taxes in the future.
- Slide 12
- The Stamps
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- The Colonists felt that they could only be directly taxed by
their own elected officials. Anything else was Tyranny: Taxation
without Representation is tyranny. Parliaments response to the
unrest was to pass an Act reconfirming they could legally rule the
colonies. They will acknowledge Britain's right to regulate trade.
This will end the British policy of Salutary Neglect, or Healthy
disregard.
- Slide 14
- More Taxes Townshend Acts: Will place taxes on British glass,
lead, paints, paper, and tea. Americans will boycott, not buy,
British goods As tensions grow a group of colonist and British
soldiers will get into a fight in Boston, 5 die. This will be
called a Massacre by Samuel Adams, and an engraving will be made by
a silversmith, Paul Revere, and sent through out the colonies.
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- The large majority of duties place on items by the Townshend
act will be dropped, except for the tax on tea. Samuel Adams tried
to keep the spirit of protest alive, and creates letter writing
groups to raise support. 1773 Parliament, trying to help a
struggling company, gives the British East India Company exclusive
rights to sell tea in the Colonies. Colonist are angry as they feel
it threatens their merchants, and a boycott is called for. 16 men,
dressed as Mohawk Indians, will board 3 ships and dump 90,000 lbs
of tea into the harbor.
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- This will cause the Intolerable Acts
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- The Fighting Begins The Intolerable Acts will cause another
boycott. Militias (minutemen), groups of volunteer soldiers, will
be formed On April 18 1775, 700 British troops are seen heading
towards Concord MA to seize weapons, and the Minutemen are called
on. The British meet about 70-80 Minutemen in Lexington MA, after a
mystery first shot, the war begins, and 8 militia men die. The
British meet 100s of Militia at Concord, are turned away, and over
200 British die.
- Slide 21
- It begins After the Battles of Lexington & Concord the 2 nd
Continental Congress (1775) will be formed (the 1 st recommended
the boycotts in 1774) The 2 nd CC decides that the Colonies should
have their own army, called the Continental Army. George Washington
is selected as their leader. Independence is not declared at this
point.
- Slide 22
- While the 2 nd CC was meeting colonists and the British will
fight over Bunker Hill (sight lines of Boston Harbor) The British
will win a pyric victory: losing over 1000 soldiers to the 450
colonists. This victory shows colonists they can hurt the British
The 2 nd CC will try to send a loyalty oath (Olive Branch Petition)
to England, but King George III declares the colonies in open
rebellion.
- Slide 23
- Common Sense Written by Thomas Paine Called for Independence
for the colonies Said no one should be ruled by a king Suggested a
Democracy Sold 120,000 copies Well Received & spreads patriotic
ideas
- Slide 24
- Independence Finally June 7 th, 1776, Richard Lee of VA suggest
Independence for the Colonies at the CC (the Lee Resolution) A
Committee is formed, but the writing of the Declaration is left to
Jefferson. On July 2 nd, the Lee Resolution is approved On July 4
th the Declaration of Independence is approved.
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- The War Starts (Officially) 40,000 British Troops + 30,000
Hessians (Mercenaries: fight for pay soldiers) Full force of the
British Navy 20,000 Colonial Troops & George Washington
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- Washington, being outnumbered and humiliated early, decides to
fight a defensive war. He only engages in battles he thinks he can
win, and willingly retreats to fight another day. The British are
not fighting the war to win, but to reunify the Colonies with
Britain. Therefore, they never go for the kill when they have the
opportunity. Result: Lots of moving, with numerous small battles.
The War goes slowly
- Slide 28
- Battle of Saratoga 1777, the British Surrender at the Battle of
Saratoga (Benedict Arnold). This victory will convince the French
to lend military support to the Americas (as the French hate the
British and will join almost anyone fighting the Brits). This
provides new troops, supplies, and a navy.
- Slide 29
- Valley Forge Winter of 1777-78 2,500 men will die from the
Continental Army from exposure & disease Washington holds the
army together through charisma. The army will survive to fight in
1778
- Slide 30
- The South Not winning decisively in the North, the British
attempt to break the South. The South used Guerrilla Warfare (small
groups of fighters moving quickly to inflict damage, and then
disappearing) Francis Marion: Swamp Fox This greatly annoys, hurts,
and frustrates the British as they cant fight this style of
war.
- Slide 31
- The End: Battle of Yorktown The British General, Lord Cornwall,
will move his men to Yorktown hoping to be evacuated by the Birtish
Navy. The French will cut off the sea, the Colonist cut off the
land, and Cornwall has no choice but to surrender. Roughly 25,000
colonists will (6,500 Combat, 10,000 disease, and 8,500 as
prisoners) The Revolution will officially end with the Treaty of
Paris (1783)