View
13
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Zapotecos
Citation preview
Basic Vocabulary
Stephen A. Marlett, compiler
The Zapotec Grammar FilesStephen A. Marlett, compiler. (February 2010) Basic vocabulary. In: Cheryl A. Black, H. Andrew Black and StephenA. Marlett (eds.) The Zapotec grammar files.[http://www.sil.org/mexico/WorkPapers/WP001i-ZapotecGrammarFiles.htm] SIL International. These are workingpapers that are periodically updated, expanded, and corrected. Comments or corrections can be sent to the editors (seethe index page).
Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3
Items 1.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Items 1.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Items 1.4 ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Items 1.5 ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Items 1.7 ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Items 1.8 ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Items 2.1-2.4 ................................................................................................................................ 21
Items 2.9 ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Items 3.6-3.8 ................................................................................................................................ 27
Items 4.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Items 4.2 ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Items 4.3 ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Items 4.4 ....................................................................................................................................... 37
Items 4.7 ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Items 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 42
Items 6 .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Items 8 .......................................................................................................................................... 47
Items 10 ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Items 13 ........................................................................................................................................ 51
Items 14 ........................................................................................................................................ 53
Items 15.4-15.5 ............................................................................................................................ 56
Items 15.6 ..................................................................................................................................... 58
Items 18 ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Index of English Terms ................................................................................................................ 64
Index of Spanish Terms ............................................................................................................... 65
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 66
References .................................................................................................................................... 66
2 Basic Vocabulary
Introduction
This document presents selected basic vocabulary items in different varieties of Zapotec.1 Allof the data are presented in broad IPA transcription (see Transcription Conventions for details andsee Data Sources for sources of data).2 All of the forms may be assumed to have penultimate stresson the root unless otherwise marked although with some sources it is hard to determine the factsabout stress (if stress is relevant at all) and so stress may not be consistently represented. Thenumbers in the column headers are those used in the Intercontinental Dictionary Serieshttp://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/ (Mary Ritchie Key, founding editor), following the numbering inBuck (1949); the arrangement of the data follow that scheme of using a thematic organization.Since the data are presented in tabular format here, the original "chapters" of the IntercontinentalDictionary Series are split across various tables. Verbs are cited in three forms that are traditionallyreferred to as Habitual, Potential and Completive since each may have idiosyncratic features. Insome cases the Stative form is presented as well or in their place. When a form contains an equalssign followed by a number, it means that the form is the same as the referenced word in the samelanguage.Indexes from English and Spanish to the IDS number are also provided.
Items 1.2
'cave';'cueva';1.280
'mountain','hill';'cerro';1.220
'sand';'arena';1.215
'mud';'lodo';1.214
'dust';'polvo';1.213
'earth','land','ground','soil';'tierra';1.210 &1.212
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
beliaijajuiuabesteuna3Sierra de Jurezzaa
(loanword)danjubanuuldjiu4San Juan Guelavazab
danijuibenubju5Ocotlnzac
blejajobenbitejoCajonoszad
1I thank the many people who have contributed data for this paper (as documented in Data Sources, as well as specialhelp from Joaqun Lpez and Beth Merrill) and those who have helped to improve the presentation, including BethMerrill, Andy Black, and Cheri Black. Special thanks to Andy Black for preparing the indexes.
2High vowels or central approximants are not consistently represented since the analysis is either not clear, notagreed upon, or actually varies from variety to variety. Thus one may see (for example) /bia/, /bja/, or /ba/, which maybe very close or identical in pronunciation.
3See 'mud' 1.214 in [zpq].4/j/ here is phonetically [j].5/j/ here is phonetically [j].
Introduction 3
'cave';'cueva';1.280
'mountain','hill';'cerro';1.220
'sand';'arena';1.215
'mud';'lodo';1.214
'dust';'polvo';1.213
'earth','land','ground','soil';'tierra';1.210 &1.212
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
belealilijui8juna7bisteju6Yarenizae
dan9jubnjowjoAyoquescozaf
(loanword)danijuibeeju de10juIsthmuszai
den,jijubenjoMiahuatlnzam
keliojiubenjuOzolotepeczao
belealilijui12juna11bistejuAlopamzaq
buloajuilujuRincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
bluabeneTabaazat
blojajoben,on
bitejoYatzachizav
bilidanjuband13juMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
AsuncinMixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
beloja16un15bnbteju14Choapanzpc
6/j/ is phonetically [].7/j/ is phonetically [].8/j/ is phonetically [].9The transcription here reinterprets the source, which is more similar phonetically to [dajn], presumably with
anticipatory palatalization. Furthermore, this is specifically 'hill' since 'mountain' is this morpheme followed by /o/.10'earth' 1.210, 'ash' 1.84011/j/ is phonetically [].12/j/ is phonetically [].13See 'ashes' 1.840.14/j/ here is phonetically [j].15See 'mud' 1.214 in [zpq].16/j/ here is phonetically [j].
4 Basic Vocabulary
'cave';'cueva';1.280
'mountain','hill';'cerro';1.220
'sand';'arena';1.215
'mud';'lodo';1.214
'dust';'polvo';1.213
'earth','land','ground','soil';'tierra';1.210 &1.212
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
blieiojujuban17
djuSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea deHumboldt
zpg
Totomachapanzph
ejjubnjudiliuSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
jubedai, esta,ejeku,nutu,nee
ejuiebenujubea18
juLachixozpl
bliejubenliuMixtepeczpm
(loanword)dan20juibnuoiuju19Santa Ins Yatzechizpn
jilojijubande, jidejoAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
blojajoona21bitejoZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
eju---juCoatlnzps
San VicenteCoatln
zpt
17'earth' 1.210, 'wet'18'earth' 1.210, '?'19/j/ here is phonetically [j].20This refers to all of the countryside.21See 'earth' 01.210 in [zaa].
Items 1.2 5
'cave';'cueva';1.280
'mountain','hill';'cerro';1.220
'sand';'arena';1.215
'mud';'lodo';1.214
'dust';'polvo';1.213
'earth','land','ground','soil';'tierra';1.210 &1.212
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
blojaju23benbiteju22Yallagzpu
danjuijuChichicapanzpv
juaZanizazpw
binSan BaltazarLoxicha
zpx
Mazaltepeczpy
blubikju u24bijuTexmelucanzpz
jubenlujuSouthern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
beljaijubnu ju25juXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San AgustnMixtepec
ztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
koplokijjupenjutiliu, ju26Quioquitani-Quierztq
(loanword)dan27jubendejuTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
jajo jabenejoYateezty
22Also /jo/. The vowels vary freely.23Also /jo/. The vowels vary freely.24'earth' 1.210, 'fine'.25'smoke', 'earth' 1.210.26The two words are used quite interchangeably.27Best translated 'countryside'.
6 Basic Vocabulary
Items 1.3
'river','stream','brook'; 'ro','corriente','arroyo';1.360
'foam';'espuma';1.324
'water';'agua'; 1.310
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
jobeinaindaSierra de Jurezzaa
eu28bnnisSan Juan Guelavazab
ubaininisOcotlnzac
jaobinnisCajonoszad
jo29kuinaindaYarenizae
eupinnisAyoquescozaf
iubiia,30
bupunisaIsthmuszai
nitMiahuatlnzam
nitOzolotepeczao
jo31besinaindaAlopamzaq
nisaRincnzar
nisSanto Domingo Albarradaszas
nisaTabaazat
jaobinnisYatzachizav
eu32biunnisMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
28'arroyo' (typically without water). For 'river' this is follows by /nis/ 'water'.29The vowel carries a contour tone and is phonetically long.30As in what comes to the top of food that is being cooked on a stove top.31The vowel carries a contour tone and is phonetically long.32Varies freely to /jeu/.
Items 1.3 7
'river','stream','brook'; 'ro','corriente','arroyo';1.360
'foam';'espuma';1.324
'water';'agua'; 1.310
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
jao33binnisaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
ibe, iepinnisSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
nzeGuevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
oubinnisSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
()ekuiainzaLachixozpl
nisMixtepeczpm
bldabinnisSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
jubinnisAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
jebinanisZoogochozpq
nisSantiago Xanicazpr
jobebinniCoatlnzps
niSan Vicente Coatlnzpt
jeo34binnisYallagzpu
isaChichicapanzpv
awnisZanizazpw
nitSan Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
binisTexmelucanzpz
nisSouthern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
33/j/ here is phonetically [j].34/j/ here is sometimes pronounced [j].
8 Basic Vocabulary
'river','stream','brook'; 'ro','corriente','arroyo';1.360
'foam';'espuma';1.324
'water';'agua'; 1.310
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
ewpinnisXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
ki-pepinnisQuioquitani-Quierztq
ubinnisTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
nisYateezty
Items 1.4
'earthquake';'terremoto';1.450 [citingverb 'quake''temblar' in 'h','p', 'c']
'stone';'piedra';1.440
'wood';'madera';1.430
'tree';'rbol';1.420
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
i-u, u,gu-u
ijaja35jaa, jaSierra de Jurezzaa
uia37bed36jaSan Juan Guelavazab
u=1.420jaOcotlnzac
bed-o; -o,o, w-o
ja=1.420jaCajonoszad
35See 1.420 'tree'.36'lumber'.37Phonetically the // is often pronounced [x] in this context.
Items 1.4 9
'earthquake';'terremoto';1.450 [citingverb 'quake''temblar' in 'h','p', 'c']
'stone';'piedra';1.440
'wood';'madera';1.430
'tree';'rbol';1.420
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
-u, i-u, bi-uija39=1.420jaa38Yarenizae
=1.420jaAyoquescozaf
uie=1.420jaaIsthmuszai
kejaMiahuatlnzam
kejaOzolotepeczao
-u, i-u, bi-uija41=1.420jaa40Alopamzaq
ijaaRincnzar
jaSanto DomingoAlbarradas
zas
iaaaTabaazat
bed-o; -o,o, w-o
jejaYatzachizav
u; -nib, ---, ---ibadjaMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
uuio42=1.420jaaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
uita, ie43=1.420jaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
38/j/ is phonetically [].39/j/ is phonetically [].40/j/ is phonetically [].41/j/ is phonetically [].42There is no contrast between [j] and [j] in this variety.43'stone, rock', 'rock', respectively.
10 Basic Vocabulary
'earthquake';'terremoto';1.450 [citingverb 'quake''temblar' in 'h','p', 'c']
'stone';'piedra';1.440
'wood';'madera';1.430
'tree';'rbol';1.420
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
(idiom)44ge=1.420jaSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
ukieakaLachixozpl
kiejaMixtepeczpm
-u, ---, ---iejaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
okejaAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
bdao-o;-o, o,w-o
je=1.420jaZoogochozpq
jakSantiago Xanicazpr
ejaCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
o, o, b-o ~w-o
je ~ jajajYallagzpu
iajaaChichicapanzpv
itajaZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
itajaTexmelucanzpz
kijaSouthern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
uita ~ ktajaXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradasztn
44'move' 'earth' 1.210.
Items 1.4 11
'earthquake';'terremoto';1.450 [citingverb 'quake''temblar' in 'h','p', 'c']
'stone';'piedra';1.440
'wood';'madera';1.430
'tree';'rbol';1.420
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
Loxichaztp
u; -ni u, k-niu, b-ni u
ki=1.420jaQuioquitani-Quierztq
uia=1.420jaTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
jejaYateezty
Items 1.5
'rainbow';'arco iris';1.590
'star';'estrella';1.540
'moon';'luna'; 1.530
'sun'; 'sol';1.520
'sky';'cielo';1.510
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
beljabiubiajaba45Sierra de Jurezzaa
lianbalibuubijabaSan Juan Guelavazab
ubimbelimbeunubiabe46Ocotlnzac
betiabelbeowbijabaCajonoszad
jetilabelinan-do-beo48dad-ubiza47jebaYarenizae
bliambeanilabeAyoquescozaf
belei49beuubia()iba,a iba
Isthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
belinan-do-beoubizaijabaAlopamzaq
45/j/ here is phonetically [j].46San Antonino: /ube/.47The first part is from regional Spanish tata meaning 'father'.48The first part is from regional Spanish nana meaning 'mother'; the second part means 'big'. Both parts indicate
respect.49This word is archaic in this variety.
12 Basic Vocabulary
'rainbow';'arco iris';1.590
'star';'estrella';1.540
'moon';'luna'; 1.530
'sun'; 'sol';1.520
'sky';'cielo';1.510
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
Rincnzar
iduSanto DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
jitbelbjo51bijoba,jaba50
Yatzachizav
balaiba52
bjubiibaMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
bitabelobiuobiaibaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
(loanword)iiba53
bwi,obi
ibaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea deHumboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
bkitmlmwnbizibaSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
litabela()ubiia54liibeLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
bljainblibuubiiiabaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
50In Yatzachi el Bajo and Yatzachi el Alto, respectively.51/j/ is phonetically [] here.52'star', 'sky' 1.510.53'fire' 1.810, 'sky' 1.510.54San Miguel Mixtepec /wiia/.
Items 1.5 13
'rainbow';'arco iris';1.590
'star';'estrella';1.540
'moon';'luna'; 1.530
'sun'; 'sol';1.520
'sky';'cielo';1.510
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
bajitmbalmbembijibaAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
pitabelbjo55bijabaZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
mblmbewibCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
bitbelbeowijebaYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
bejibaZanizazpw
San BaltazarLoxicha
zpx
Mazaltepeczpy
belbejdobaTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
itmelmmbiibaXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San AgustnMixtepec
ztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
kitlamlmmbi ~nbi
kpaQuioquitani-Quierztq
biainiloubabeuubiubaTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
55/j/ is phonetically [] here.
14 Basic Vocabulary
Items 1.7
For 1.750, the first part of the compound expressions is 'water' 1.310 . The second part has thesame segments as 'stone' 1.440, but in [ztq], at least, the tones are different (as noted in the twoentries), and so the popular etymology may be spurious.
'rain';'lluvia'; 1.750
'wind'; 'viento';1.720
'air'; 'aire';1.710
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
ija=1.710beSierra de Jurezzaa
nis ia=1.710biSan Juan Guelavazab
iu=1.710mbOcotlnzac
je=1.710beCajonoszad
ija56=1.710beYarenizae
jeu=1.710bAyoquescozaf
nisa ie=1.710biIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
ija57=1.710beAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
biSanto Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
je=1.710beYatzachizav
nis i=1.710beMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
nisa io=1.710beChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
56/j/ is phonetically [].57/j/ is phonetically [].
Items 1.7 15
'rain';'lluvia'; 1.750
'wind'; 'viento';1.720
'air'; 'aire';1.710
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
nis iebe-do58beSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
o=1.710meSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
kiu=1.710biLachixozpl
meMixtepeczpm
nisa ie=1.710bSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
jejmbimbiAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
je=1.710beZoogochozpq
meSantiago Xanicazpr
=1.710mbiCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
je ~ je=1.710beYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
ejZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
Texmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
ameXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
k=1.710meQuioquitani-Quierztq
58'air' 1.710, 'fierce'
16 Basic Vocabulary
'rain';'lluvia'; 1.750
'wind'; 'viento';1.720
'air'; 'aire';1.710
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
nis ia=1.710bTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 1.8
Several varieties have a compound made of 'fire'1.810 + 'flame', or the opposite order. For 1.851,the intended lexical item is the one used when an item (paper, wood, etc.) is burning.
'charcoal';'carbn';1.890
'firewood';'lea';1.880
'burn(intr.)';'arder';1.851'h', 'p','c'
'ashes';'cenizas';1.840
'flame';'llama';1.820
'fire';'fuego';1.810
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
lojawaa,waa
tejiSierra de Jurezzaa
bo=1.420-ajki,-ajki,ujajki
debal60i59San Juan Guelavazab
bu=1.420jeki,eki,weki
dbeliOcotlnzac
bowa-al,-al,ol
debel jijiCajonoszad
beuaaai-de,i-de,bi-de
debelaiYarenizae
-jek,---, ---61
diAyoquescozaf
59Commonly used specifically for the coals.60Commonly used to refer to the fire.61'burn with flame'.
Items 1.8 17
'charcoal';'carbn';1.890
'firewood';'lea';1.880
'burn(intr.)';'arder';1.851'h', 'p','c'
'ashes';'cenizas';1.840
'flame';'llama';1.820
'fire';'fuego';1.810
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
bu=1.420-jaki,-aki,u-jaki
debeleiIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
aai-de,i-de,bi-de
debelaiAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
baowa,wa
-al,-al,ol
deji beljiYatzachizav
boja da64-jek,---, ---63
kobd62baliboMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
AsuncinMixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
baowaa-ej, -ej,uiej
dei belaiChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
62Compare 'dust' 1.213.63s-burn.64'tree' 1.420 'hill' 1.220
18 Basic Vocabulary
'charcoal';'carbn';1.890
'firewood';'lea';1.880
'burn(intr.)';'arder';1.851'h', 'p','c'
'ashes';'cenizas';1.840
'flame';'llama';1.820
'fire';'fuego';1.810
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
buja(idiom)67dbal66i65San Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea deHumboldt
zpg
Totomachapanzph
bo=1.420-ek,-ek,w-ek
dibliSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
wabiakatikiLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
=1.420dniubliSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
blan=1.420jek, ---,---
kadebal68=1.820Amatlnzpo
El Altozpp
baowae-ala,-ala,ola
deji beljiZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
diiCoatlnzps
San VicenteCoatln
zpt
baowaje-ej,-ej,w-jej
debel jijiYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
boZanizazpw
65Often interchanged with 'flame' 1.820.66Often interchanged with 'fire' 1.810.67'sit' 'fire' 1.810.68Also /lu bal/ (tongue fire) 'fire's tongue'.
Items 1.8 19
'charcoal';'carbn';1.890
'firewood';'lea';1.880
'burn(intr.)';'arder';1.851'h', 'p','c'
'ashes';'cenizas';1.840
'flame';'llama';1.820
'fire';'fuego';1.810
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
San BaltazarLoxicha
zpx
Mazaltepeczpy
diiTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
bo=1.420-ek, ---,---
ke dabelkiXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San AgustnMixtepec
ztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
powjaek,k-jek,k-jek
kitiblkiQuioquitani-Quierztq
bo=1.420-iek,ek,wek
kub-debeli69Tilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
69This word is more specifically referring to the hot coals. The word for 'flame' is generally used to refer to the fireitself.
20 Basic Vocabulary
Items 2.1-2.4
For 2.300, several varieties use a loanword from Spanish 'macho' that is typically applied onlyto animals.
'female'; 'hembra';2.400
'male'; 'macho';2.300
'person';'persona';2.100
Identifier as in EthnologueISO639-3code
na70eneSierra de Jurezzaa
unaul,72niu73bnietj71San Juan Guelavazab
etmnOcotlnzac
nol,nol77bna,78bis79
ja,74ma, ngol,75
bio 76benCajonoszad
na81biju80beneYarenizae
niolmjetAyoquescozaf
naola,84 unanola,82 niu83biniIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
na86biju85beniAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
70Relating to animals.71The /b/ is pronounced [b] when preceded by the plural proclitic /de/, and [m] otherwise.72Used for animals.73Used for people.74This is applied to dogs and certain other animals.75This is applied to turkeys; it is also a term of respect for an old man of significance.76Used for humans.77This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.78This is used for birds.79Used for deer.80This is preceded by the relativizer /nu/ when used.81Adjective.82Relating to animals.83Except when in a compound (as for a baby boy), this word is used only in women's speech. Men's speech uses the
loanword 'hombre'.84Relating to animals.85This is preceded by the relativizer /um/ [sic] when used.86Adjective.
Items 2.1-2.4 21
'female'; 'hembra';2.400
'male'; 'macho';2.300
'person';'persona';2.100
Identifier as in EthnologueISO639-3code
nol,90bna,91bis92ja,87ma,ngol,88
bo 89benYatzachizav
unanolbenMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
nole94ja, nol,93 mabenChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
is,96 na97nie, ol95benSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
wnaolmenSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
ueulabeneLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
unannolbnSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
olbjimietAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
87This is applied to dogs and certain other animals.88This is applied to turkeys; it is also a term of respect for an old man of significance.89Used for humans.90This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.91This is used for birds.92Used for certain mammals.93This is used for birds.94This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.95Just for animals.96Used for some animals.97Used for a donkey.
22 Basic Vocabulary
'female'; 'hembra';2.400
'male'; 'macho';2.300
'person';'persona';2.100
Identifier as in EthnologueISO639-3code
nole,101bna,102bise103ja,98ma,ngol,99
bo 100beneZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
nol,107 bna108jaj,104 bjio,105
nol106benYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
mbekTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
una,109nus110bijmenXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
98This is applied to dogs and certain other animals.99This is applied to turkeys; it is also a term of respect for an old man of significance.100Used for humans.101This is the same as the noun for 'woman'.102This is used for birds.103Used for certain mammals and some birds.104For animals.105For people.106For turkeys.107For people.108For chickens.109Person.110Animal.
Items 2.1-2.4 23
'female'; 'hembra';2.400
'male'; 'macho';2.300
'person';'persona';2.100
Identifier as in EthnologueISO639-3code
kna,111kus, 112nus 113mij, mamen,bne
Quioquitani-Quierztq
kuk, kun, usan,115
unanul,114 niwbnTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 2.9
'you (pl.)';'vosotros';2.950
'we(exclusive)';'nosotros(exclusivo)';2.942
'we(inclusive)';'nosotros(inclusivo)';2.941
'you(sg.)';'t';2.920
'I'; 'yo';2.910
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
lebi; =leindu; =duiuluind;=a,=de
Sierra de Jurezzaa
=t, =tdun; =n,=n
=2.942liu; =una; =aSan Juan Guelavazab
=t=na=ja=lna; =aOcotlnzac
le; =leneto;=nto
o; =oli; =o,=lo
nad; =,=d
Cajonoszad
lebi; =lei-du; =dui; =ilu; =lunedi; =a,=di
Yarenizae
=lle; =ale-l; =lna; =naAyoquescozaf
=t=du=nuli; =luna; =aIsthmuszai
nalu; =lda; =nMiahuatlnzam
111For a person.112For an animal (adjective).113Noun.114Relating to animals.115Relating to animals: specifically those never with young, those pregnant or with eggs, and those raising young,
respectively.
24 Basic Vocabulary
'you (pl.)';'vosotros';2.950
'we(exclusive)';'nosotros(exclusivo)';2.942
'we(inclusive)';'nosotros(inclusivo)';2.941
'you(sg.)';'t';2.920
'I'; 'yo';2.910
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
Ozolotepeczao
lebi ~libi; =le
i-du; =dui ~ iu;=i
lu; =lunedi; =a,=dia
Alopamzaq
Rincnzar
ly; =lna; =an,=n
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
le; =leneto; =toio; =ole; =o,=do
nada;=a,=da
Yatzachizav
la-tu;=tu116
nue;=nue
nunu;=nulu; =luna; =Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
na; =a,=n, =da
Coatecas Altaszca
AsuncinMixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
le; =lento;=ndo
ao; =olw;=lo
ndi;=a
Choapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
lat; =dtu; =n=2.942luj; al, lna; vowellength
San Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea deHumboldt
zpg
Totomachapanzph
see 2.920no=bede; denoSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
116Also /lotu/.
Items 2.9 25
'you (pl.)';'vosotros';2.950
'we(exclusive)';'nosotros(exclusivo)';2.942
'we(inclusive)';'nosotros(inclusivo)';2.941
'you(sg.)';'t';2.920
'I'; 'yo';2.910
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
Tlacolulitazpk
=wa=awa=u=luli 117Lachixozpl
tnlunaMixtepeczpm
=tu=du, =a=nlonaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
unubelunaAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
le ~ le ;=le
neto; =toio; =ole; =o,=do
neda,=da,=a
Zoogochozpq
=alenaSantiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
snlonSan VicenteCoatln
zpt
le; =leneto; =toio; =olwe;=lo
nadaYallagzpu
=tununuji; =lunaChichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San BaltazarLoxicha
zpx
Mazaltepeczpy
see 2.920see 2.910na, nu; =u,=
jaTexmelucanzpz
nedaSouthern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
tonn, nluj; a, lnaXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San AgustnMixtepec
ztm
117Compare this with first person dual /li/.
26 Basic Vocabulary
'you (pl.)';'vosotros';2.950
'we(exclusive)';'nosotros(exclusivo)';2.942
'we(inclusive)';'nosotros(inclusivo)';2.941
'you(sg.)';'t';2.920
'I'; 'yo';2.910
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
=do=n=nli; =o,=l
na; =a,=n
Quioquitani-Quierztq
=tu=du=nuli; =una; =a,=na
Tilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 3.6-3.8
'louse';'piojo'; 3.811
'fish'; 'pez';3.650
'dog'; 'perro';3.610
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
beibelabekuSierra de Jurezzaa
beiabeldbekSan Juan Guelavazab
mbimbeldmbekuOcotlnzac
bebelbekCajonoszad
betibelabekuYarenizae
peblnikAyoquescozaf
biibendabikuIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
betibelabekuAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
bebelbekoYatzachizav
Items 3.6-3.8 27
'louse';'piojo'; 3.811
'fish'; 'pez';3.650
'dog'; 'perro';3.610
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
beblbkMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
bibelabekoChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
bebalbjkSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
mijamlmkSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
bijebelanikuLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
babeldbekuSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
mbembalbakAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
beebelbekoZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
mblmbekCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
beebelbkYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
biabalbehZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
pkibele, bafTexmelucanzpz
28 Basic Vocabulary
'louse';'piojo'; 3.811
'fish'; 'pez';3.650
'dog'; 'perro';3.610
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
mkij118malmkXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
mimlmkQuioquitani-Quierztq
bbeldbekTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 4.1
For 4.170, several varieties use a loanword from regional Spanish 'cacho'.
'horn';'cuerno';4.170
'bone';'hueso';4.160
'blood';'sangre';4.150
'hide';'pellejo';4.120b
'skin';'piel';4.120a
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
= 'bone'4.160 +
itaenijediSierra de Jurezzaa
'head'4.200
katn=4.120aid ladSan Juan Guelavazab
kaibakunidiOcotlnzac
loziten=4.120ajidCajonoszad
118Nits.
Items 4.1 29
'horn';'cuerno';4.170
'bone';'hueso';4.160
'blood';'sangre';4.150
'hide';'pellejo';4.120b
'skin';'piel';4.120a
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
= 'bone'4.160 +'head'4.200
zitaeni=4.120ajedi119Yarenizae
(loanword)nidAyoquescozaf
kauitainiidiidiladi120
Isthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
= 'bone'4.160 +'head'4.200
zitaeni=4.120ajedi121Alopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
loziten=4.120ajid,lid122
Yatzachizav
kauten=4.120aidMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
luzuitaenabaidiChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
119The vowel /e/ is phonetically [je] when it follows /j/ and precedes a lenis obstruent in this variety. The /j/ isphonetically [].
120'hide' 4.120b, 'body'.121The vowel /je/ is phonetically [je] when it follows /j/ and precedes a lenis obstruent in this variety. The /j/ is
phonetically [].122This is the noun that is used with a possessor.
30 Basic Vocabulary
'horn';'cuerno';4.170
'bone';'hueso';4.160
'blood';'sangre';4.150
'hide';'pellejo';4.120b
'skin';'piel';4.120a
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
kiten=4.120aidSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
iten=4.120aedSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
= 'bone'4.160 +
ataene(loanword)itiLachixozpl
'head'4.200
Mixtepeczpm
kaunarunid ladiSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
kaiten=4.120ajidAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
loziten=4.120ajidZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
tidtenidCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
luziten=4.120ajidYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
itidZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
naziten=4.120aidTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
kaiten=4.120aidXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
SanAgustnMixtepecztm
Items 4.1 31
'horn';'cuerno';4.170
'bone';'hueso';4.160
'blood';'sangre';4.150
'hide';'pellejo';4.120b
'skin';'piel';4.120a
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
kaiten=4.120akidQuioquitani-Quierztq
ka(loanword)123nidtTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 4.2
'tooth';'diente';4.270
'tongue';'lengua';4.260
'nose';'nariz';4.230
'ear';'oreja';4.220
'eye';'ojo';4.210
'head';'cabeza';4.200
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
lajalueeinanaaija-lo124ikiaSierra de Jurezzaa
lajluidiabslokiaSan Juan Guelavazab
lajldujadiaslukOcotlnzac
lejloinnaalaojiCajonoszad
lajaluzainnaaija-lo125ikiYarenizae
lajluidalokAyoquescozaf
lajaluiidiaalu,126 ielu,127
bizalu
ikeIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
lajaluzainnaaija-lo128ikiAlopamzaq
123Compare, however, the word /it/ 'egg' in this variety.124'stone' 1.440-'face'.125'stone' 1.440-'face'. The word for 'stone' changes the fortis glide to lenis here, however.126This word is literally 'face'.127'stone' 1.440-'face'.128'stone' 1.440-'face'. The word for 'stone' changes the fortis glide to lenis here, however.
32 Basic Vocabulary
'tooth';'diente';4.270
'tongue';'lengua';4.260
'nose';'nariz';4.230
'ear';'oreja';4.220
'eye';'ojo';4.210
'head';'cabeza';4.200
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
lejloin,in129
na()laojiYatzachizav
ljluidiabisjalojekMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
lejluikinnaalaoioChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
ljluidiapslioikaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea deHumboldt
zpg
Totomachapanzph
lejlozpide-dabzalotoSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
lajaluiidiakaikuluuka ekieLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
lajlduiiediabalo,bizlo
ikSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
ke lejluinalojekAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
129Free variation.
Items 4.2 33
'tooth';'diente';4.270
'tongue';'lengua';4.260
'nose';'nariz';4.230
'ear';'oreja';4.220
'eye';'ojo';4.210
'head';'cabeza';4.200
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
lajloeinanalao,jelao
jiZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
ndejlueekCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
lajluinnajlao,130
je laojiYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
luloixZanizazpw
San BaltazarLoxicha
zpx
Mazaltepeczpy
lajluidauloikTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
talaj,kta-laj131
luijdalo, nudlo
ikXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San AgustnMixtepec
ztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
lajlukijtalo, mlokikQuioquitani-Quierztq
jalajluidiebaloikTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
130This word is literally 'face'.131The first part means 'stone'.
34 Basic Vocabulary
Items 4.3
'knee'; 'rodilla'; 4.360'hand'; 'mano';4.330
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
ibinaSierra de Jurezzaa
ibnaSan Juan Guelavazab
ibija132Ocotlnzac
ibnaCajonoszad
ibinaYarenizae
ibjaAyoquescozaf
ibinaIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
ibinaAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
ibnaYatzachizav
jek-ib133naMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
ibinaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
iibniaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
132/j/ here is phonetically [j].133'head'-'?'.
Items 4.3 35
'knee'; 'rodilla'; 4.360'hand'; 'mano';4.330
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
ibnaSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
ikijaLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
ibnanSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
ukjaAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
ibnaZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
ibjaCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
ibnaYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
jZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
tibTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
ibnaXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
kibnaQuioquitani-Quierztq
ib134naTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
134This word is always used with another to name a part of the knee; it is not used alone.
36 Basic Vocabulary
'knee'; 'rodilla'; 4.360'hand'; 'mano';4.330
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 4.4
'liver'; 'hgado'; 4.450'breast (of woman)';'pecho (de mujer)';4.410
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
teiiSierra de Jurezzaa
lazdokidudSan Juan Guelavazab
ldu uidud135Ocotlnzac
ladojaiCajonoszad
lazdo ~ laztoiziYarenizae
ladoAyoquescozaf
laiiiIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
lazdo ~ laztoiziAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
et, etiYatzachizav
lastoidud pe136Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
lataoe137iiChoapanzpc
135Spanish glosses in source: 'teta, pezn'.136The second part of this expression is from Spanish.137Etymologically 'heart'-'big'.
Items 4.4 37
'liver'; 'hgado'; 4.450'breast (of woman)';'pecho (de mujer)';4.410
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
lododudSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
leddudSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
aki-ji139ii,138 iLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
latolatoSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
leto140lazAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
eteieZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
Yallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
lalu,141 i,142 i143Texmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
138Of an animal.139Etymologically 'heart' + ?.140This expression includes general 'insides', including 'heart' and 'liver'.141'breast'.142'mammary gland'.143From colloquial Spanish 'chichi'.
38 Basic Vocabulary
'liver'; 'hgado'; 4.450'breast (of woman)';'pecho (de mujer)';4.410
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
iXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
laiQuioquitani-Quierztq
la144dudTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 4.7
'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'
'live'; 'vivir';4.740 'h', 'p', 'c'or Stative
'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
-ati, -ati, utika-ban, k-ban,uka-ban
-alia, -alia,ulia
Sierra de Jurezzaa
-at, -at, utna-ban, i-ban,u-ban
-al, -al, ulSan Juan Guelavazab
-ati, -ati, uti-bani, i-bani,u-bani
-al, ----, ulOcotlnzac
-et, -et, wit-ban, i-ban,w-ban
-al, -al,ol
Cajonoszad
-ati, -ati, utina-bani-ali, -ali, uliYarenizae
___, -at, ___Ayoquescozaf
-ati, -ati, utina-bani-ale, -ale, uleIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
144That is, the 'center of the body' and not the particular organ.
Items 4.7 39
'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'
'live'; 'vivir';4.740 'h', 'p', 'c'or Stative
'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
-ati, -ati, utina-bani-al, -al, ul145Alopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
-at, -at, ot-ban, -ban,b-wan
-al, -al,ol
Yatzachizav
-et, -et, ut-ban, i-ban,u-ban
-al, -al, olMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
-ati, -ati, utin-e-ban146-alo, -alo, oloChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
-jt, -jt, ujt-ba, ba,wa
-jab lu, jalbju, biabl ju,147
-a, -a, o148
San Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
-et, -et, w-et-ban, j-ban,w-ban
-al, -al, walSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
-ati, ati, unutie-wai, wai,u-wai
-ala, ala, unulaLachixozpl
145While [zaq] is extremely similar to [zae], [zaq] tends to drop the post-tonic vowel in normal speech.146s-?-live.147Idiom referring to people: 'fall' 'ground' 1.210.148Referring to animals. This verb also means 'to break a long, slender thing'.
40 Basic Vocabulary
'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'
'live'; 'vivir';4.740 'h', 'p', 'c'or Stative
'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
Mixtepeczpm
-ati, -ati, uti-ban, ---, ----al, -al, olSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
n-et, jet, nutmban149n-ak, -al, nolAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
-at, -at, ot-ban, ban,w-ban
-al, -al,ol
Zoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
-at, -at, ot-ban, ban,w-ban
-a, -a,o
Yallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
Texmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
-t, -t,uj-t
m-ban; -ban,i-ban, u-ban
-al, -al, uj-alXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
-et, k-et, kut-pan, k-pan,pan
-al, k-al, kolQuioquitani-Quierztq
-atj, -atj, utj-ban, -iban,uban
-al, -al, ulTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
149Stative.
Items 4.7 41
'die'; 'morir';4.750 'h', 'p','c'
'live'; 'vivir';4.740 'h', 'p', 'c'or Stative
'be born';'nacer'; 4.720'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 5
For 5.122, see the relationship between many of these words and the word for 'green' (15.680).
'drink'; 'beber';5.130 'h', 'p', 'c'
'raw';'crudo';5.122 'h','p', 'c'('uncooked'rather than'green')
'eat'; 'comer;5.110 'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
-ija, ija, ujaja-o, -o, u-doSierra de Jurezzaa
-e, -e, w-ena-a-o, ---, u-do150;-kin, i-kin, b-kin151.
San Juan Guelavazab
-u-au, -au, u-dauOcotlnzac
-e, j-e,w-e
ja-ao, -ao, w-daoCajonoszad
-ija, ija, ujaja-o, -o, u-doYarenizae
---, ---, owAyoquescozaf
-e, -e, w-ena-ja-o, -o, u-doIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
-ija, ija, ujaja-o, -o, u-doAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
150This verb is used only with a non-human subject.151This verb is used for people.
42 Basic Vocabulary
'drink'; 'beber';5.130 'h', 'p', 'c'
'raw';'crudo';5.122 'h','p', 'c'('uncooked'rather than'green')
'eat'; 'comer;5.110 'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
-e, j-e,-e
ja-ao, -ao, w-daoYatzachizav
-, j-, u152ja-au, -au,u-dau
Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
-io, io, weja-ao, -ao, u-daoChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
-je, -je, oja-aw, -aw,b-daw
San Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
-o, -o, w-oja-u, -u, w-uSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
-we, we,un-we153
(negative of'cooked')
-aku, -aku,u-daku
Lachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
, ---, ----ja-o, -o, u-doSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
n-o, -o, ngunjejn-aw, -aw,n-daw
Amatlnzpo
El Altozpp
152Note the loss of the glottal stop in the Potential form.153The vowel in this root varies to /a/ for some people.
Items 5 43
'drink'; 'beber';5.130 'h', 'p', 'c'
'raw';'crudo';5.122 'h','p', 'c'('uncooked'rather than'green')
'eat'; 'comer;5.110 'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
-ee, j-ee,-ee
ja-a, -a,w-da
Zoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
-e, j-e,w-e
-ao, -ao, w-daoYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
Texmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
-a, -ja, uj-a-ow, -ow, uj-owXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
i, ki-, bi-aw, k-aw, k-taw~ taw
Quioquitani-Quierztq
-e, -e, w-ena-ja-aw, -aw, b-dawTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
44 Basic Vocabulary
Items 6
'leather'; 'cuero'; 6.290Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
=4.120aSierra de Jurezzaa
=4.120aSan Juan Guelavazab
=4.120aOcotlnzac
=4.120aCajonoszad
=4.120aYarenizae
Ayoquescozaf
=4.120bIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
=4.120aAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
=4.120aYatzachizav
=4.120aMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
=4.120aChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
=4.120aSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
ged-jej154Santa Mara Quiegolanizpi
154'skin' 4.120a, '?'
Items 6 45
'leather'; 'cuero'; 6.290Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
(loanword)Lachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
=4.120aSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
=4.120aAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
=4.120aZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
Yallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
=4.120aZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
=4.120aTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
=4.120aXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
=4.120aQuioquitani-Quierztq
=4.120aTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
46 Basic Vocabulary
Items 8
'tree'; 'rbol'; 8.600 =1.420 (not repeatedhere)
'leaf'; 'hoja'; 8.560Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
laSierra de Jurezzaa
bldaSan Juan Guelavazab
ndiaOcotlnzac
laCajonoszad
laaYarenizae
laAyoquescozaf
bandaaIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
laaAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
laYatzachizav
balaMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
laaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
blaSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
iSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Items 8 47
'tree'; 'rbol'; 8.600 =1.420 (not repeatedhere)
'leaf'; 'hoja'; 8.560Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
lekaLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
bldaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
laAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
laaZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
laCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
lajYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
laZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
laTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
blaXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
plaQuioquitani-Quierztq
bldaTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
48 Basic Vocabulary
Items 10
path;camino,senda;10.720
come; venir; 10.480 'h','p', 'c'
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
nea-ita, da, b-itaSierra de Jurezzaa
nez-ed, -ed, b-edSan Juan Guelavazab
nez-ed, ---, ---Ocotlnzac
nez-id, j-id, b-idCajonoszad
nea-ida, ida, b-ida155Yarenizae
nz-id, -id, ___Ayoquescozaf
neza-eda, -eda, b-edaIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
nea-ida, ida, b-ida156Alopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
nez-id, j-id, b-idYatzachizav
nez-jd, x-jd, b-jd157Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
neza-ida, -ida, b-idaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
155Recall that the lenis stop /d/ is voiceless in [zae].156Recall that the lenis stop /d/ is voiceless in [zaq].157The diphthong here is phonetically [i].
Items 10 49
path;camino,senda;10.720
come; venir; 10.480 'h','p', 'c'
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
nez-id, -id, b-id;158 -jd,-jd, b-jd 159
San Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
nz-did, tid, u-didSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
inzjuse, tse, utseLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
nez-ia, ---, ---Santa Ins Yatzechizpn
nazn-jid, jid, mbidAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
nez-id, j-id, b-idZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
nezCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
nez-ed, j-ed, b-edYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
nezZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
Texmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
naz-jad, -jad, u-jadXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
158'come' (not to home).159'come to home'.
50 Basic Vocabulary
path;camino,senda;10.720
come; venir; 10.480 'h','p', 'c'
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
nzid, kid, b-idQuioquitani-Quierztq
nez-ju160-jed, -jed, z-jedTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 13
For 13.010, see the various issues revolving around the number 'one' and how it should be citedin Counting, this series.
'full'; 'lleno'; 13.210(some are verb 'befull' and cited in h,p, c)
'two';'dos';13.020
'one'; 'uno';13.010
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code
aupatubi, tuSierra de Jurezzaa
atioptubSan Juan Guelavazab
-, ---, auptubi, tuOcotlnzac
toa; i-a, ji-a,bi-a
op, optoCajonoszad
sa; isa, isa, bisaupatubi, tuYarenizae
tjoptubAyoquescozaf
a; i-a, ---, ---upatobi, tiIsthmuszai
ibMiahuatlnzam
ibOzolotepeczao
sa; isa, isa, bisaupatubi, tuAlopamzaq
tuRincnzar
160/nez/ means 'toward' or 'over there'.
Items 13 51
'full'; 'lleno'; 13.210(some are verb 'befull' and cited in h,p, c)
'two';'dos';13.020
'one'; 'uno';13.010
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code
tibSanto Domingo Albarradaszas
tuTabaazat
-a, a, -aop, optoYatzachizav
-a, i-a, bi-atjopteb, te, teMitlazaw
Xadanizax
tub, tuCoatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
-a, i-a, u-aopatuChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
aoptobSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
-jeza, -jeza,u-jeza
tupteb, teSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
nela; -jela, jela,u-jela
ukutukuLachixozpl
tibMixtepeczpm
-a, ---, b-aoptuSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
nae, jie, nueoptubAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
-a, a, -aoptoZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
topadibaCoatlnzps
dubSan Vicente Coatlnzpt
52 Basic Vocabulary
'full'; 'lleno'; 13.210(some are verb 'befull' and cited in h,p, c)
'two';'dos';13.020
'one'; 'uno';13.010
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code
-ada, w-ada,b-ada
optoYallagzpu
tubiChichicapanzpv
uptibZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
atubTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
ka-; z-, i-,u-
optibXanaguaztg
tibLapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
ibLoxichaztp
-ak, k-ak,bjak
optuQuioquitani-Quierztq
-a, i-a, b-atioptu, tubTilquiapanzts
tuTejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 14
'night (or 'become night)';'noche' (o 'anochecer');14.420 'h', 'p', 'c'
'new'; 'nuevo';14.130
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
-ala, -ala, ulakubiSierra de Jurezzaa
guinkubSan Juan Guelavazab
elkubiOcotlnzac
Items 14 53
'night (or 'become night)';'noche' (o 'anochecer');14.420 'h', 'p', 'c'
'new'; 'nuevo';14.130
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
jel; -al, -al, olkob, kobCajonoszad
elakubiYarenizae
ilkubAyoquescozaf
i-ini, ---, bi-inikubi161Isthmuszai
kubMiahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
elakubiAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
jel; -al, -al, olkobYatzachizav
jlna-kob162Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
e; ila;163 r-e, e,u-e164
kubiChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
ilkobSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
lkwebSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
161Most commonly inflected for Stative aspect: /na-kubi/.162s-new.163Used when counting.164The form /ia/ is used when counting the nights.
54 Basic Vocabulary
'night (or 'become night)';'noche' (o 'anochecer');14.420 'h', 'p', 'c'
'new'; 'nuevo';14.130
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
ula165kukiLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
elkubiSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
jalkubAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
jel; -al, -al, olkobeZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
tlkubCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
jelkobYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
alkubZanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
elkubTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
alkubXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
kolkubQuioquitani-Quierztq
el; -ak-el, -ak-el,uk-el166
kubTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
165San Miguel Mixtepec: /ela/.166Literally 'make'-'night'.
Items 14 55
'night (or 'become night)';'noche' (o 'anochecer');14.420 'h', 'p', 'c'
'new'; 'nuevo';14.130
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3 code
Yateezty
Items 15.4-15.5
'see'; 'ver'; 15.510'h', 'p', 'c'
'hear'; 'or'; 15.410 'h','p', 'c'
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code
i-la, i-la, bi-lai-jeni, i-jeni, bi-jeniSierra de Jurezzaa
-ja, -ja, b-ja-in dia, -in dia, b-india
San Juan Guelavazab
-na-k dia, ---, ---167Ocotlnzac
-lei, i-lei, b-lei-eni, -eni, b-eniCajonoszad
i-la, i-la, bi-lai-jeni-ni, i-jeni-ni,bi-jeni-ni168
Yarenizae
---, b-je, ----ndia, ---, ---Ayoquescozaf
-uja, ---, bija-una diaa, ---, binadiaa169
Isthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
i-la, i-la, bi-laieni-ni, ijieni-ni,bieni-ni170
Alopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo Domingo Albarradaszas
Tabaazat
-lei, lei, b-lei-ene, j-ene, b-eneYatzachizav
-u-wi, -u-wi,b-a-wi
-u-s-jen, -u-s-jen,b-a-s-jen 171
Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
167Literally ? 'ear' 4.220.168This is a dative verb.169Literally 'obey' 'ear' 4.220.170This is a dative verb.171This verb has causative morphology. /u-/ is the theme vowel commonly used with causatives.
56 Basic Vocabulary
'see'; 'ver'; 15.510'h', 'p', 'c'
'hear'; 'or'; 15.410 'h','p', 'c'
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
r-l, i-l, b-lr-u-z-naa, u-z-naa,b-z-naa172
Choapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
-wi, wi, mna-kwa-dia, kwa-dia,p-ka-dia173
San Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
-wi, k-wi ~ -wi,wi
-on, -on, w-onSanta Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
-ija, b-ija, ub-ija-jene, jene, u-jeneLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
-jen, ---, ----bia, -bia, u-biaSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
nwi, wi, m-win-on, -on, mb-inAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
-le, le, b-le-ene, j-ene, b-eneZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
-e, e, b-e-ene, j-ene, b-eneYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
172Idiom: 'cause.be.upright-ear' ; 4.220 /u-/ is the theme vowel commonly used with causatives.173The last part is 'ear' 4.220.
Items 15.4-15.5 57
'see'; 'ver'; 15.510'h', 'p', 'c'
'hear'; 'or'; 15.410 'h','p', 'c'
Identifier as in EthnologueISO 639-3code
-zak, zak, b-zakTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
-on, -on, uj-onXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
Santa Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
-an, k-an, kon-on, k-on, binQuioquitani-Quierztq
-an, -an, un-in, -in, b-inTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
Items 15.6
In 15.640, 15.650, 15.680, and 15.690, if a prefix is included, it is Stative.
'yellow';'amarillo';15.690
'green';'verde';15.680
'blue';'azul';15.670
'red';'rojo';15.660
'black';'negro';15.650
'white';'blanco';15.640
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
jaija(loanword)inajejaiiSierra de Jurezzaa
nana(loanword)nianasniSan Juan Guelavazab
na-aina-nina-asna-kiiOcotlnzac
ua(loanword)naasjiCajonoszad
jaija(loanword)inajaiziiYarenizae
una-eniejasna-atAyoquescozaf
uina-a174(loanword)iajasekiiIsthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
174The sense of this is 'living (not dead, relating to plants)'. The color is expressed using a loanword from Spanish.
58 Basic Vocabulary
'yellow';'amarillo';15.690
'green';'verde';15.680
'blue';'azul';15.670
'red';'rojo';15.660
'black';'negro';15.650
'white';'blanco';15.640
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
jaia(loanword)inajaiziiAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
aa(loanword)naasjiYatzachizav
ona-jasulnianolMitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
AsuncinMixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
aiia(loanword)na ~na
asobeziChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
nna(loanword)jajas,ngas
nkiSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea deHumboldt
zpg
Totomachapanzph
ngenga=15.680nlongasniSanta MaraQuiegolani
zpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
ainijenije175lunaanikiiLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
ol-iniannas-kiiSanta Ins Yatzechizpn
na-jena-je(loanword)na-nena-asusAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
175The loanword 'azul' is used more commonly today.
Items 15.6 59
'yellow';'amarillo';15.690
'green';'verde';15.680
'blue';'azul';15.670
'red';'rojo';15.660
'black';'negro';15.650
'white';'blanco';15.640
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO639-3code
aea(loanword)naasiZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
Coatlnzps
na---176San VicenteCoatln
zpt
aa(loanword)naasiYallagzpu
Chichicapanzpv
kamdnakaZanizazpw
San BaltazarLoxicha
zpx
Mazaltepeczpy
Texmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
jn(loanword)enna177
jaznkiXanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San AgustnMixtepec
ztm
Santa CatarinaAlbarradas
ztn
Loxichaztp
kun(loanword)ninjesniQuioquitani-Quierztq
n-an-a(loanword)nian-asn-kiTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
176Compare /ni/ 'yellow'.177Literally 'blood' 'appears'.
60 Basic Vocabulary
Items 18
'name';'nombre';18.280
'tell story';'contar'('relatar'); 18.221'h', 'p', 'c'
'sing'; 'cantar';18.120 'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
la-ula, -ula, b-elaSierra de Jurezzaa
lar-ue, g-ue, b-e-uld, -uld, b-ildSan Juan Guelavazab
l178-uld, -uld,b-ild
Ocotlnzac
le-ses, w-ses,b-ses
-ol, -ol, b-ilCajonoszad
lai-iia, kiia,u-diia
-ula, ula, b-ilaYarenizae
le() 179-olAyoquescozaf
l-u-zabi dia,---, ---180
-unda, ---,b-inda
Isthmuszai
Miahuatlnzam
Ozolotepeczao
la-iia, kiia,u-diia
-ula, ula, b-ilaAlopamzaq
Rincnzar
Santo DomingoAlbarradas
zas
Tabaazat
la-ual, -ual,b--ual
-ol, ---, ---Yatzachizav
la-ol, -ol, b-l182-ol-o, -ol-o,b-l-o181
Mitlazaw
Xadanizax
Coatecas Altaszca
178'is called'.179'is called'.180Literally 'show' 'word'.181Etymologically 'tellmouth'.182'tell''.
Items 18 61
'name';'nombre';18.280
'tell story';'contar'('relatar'); 18.221'h', 'p', 'c'
'sing'; 'cantar';18.120 'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
Asuncin Mixtepeczoo
Lachiguirizpa
Yautepeczpb
lao-ula, w-ila, b-ilaChoapanzpc
Southeastern Ixtlnzpd
Petapazpe
la-uj, -uj, be-ol, -ol, b-ilSan Pedro Quiatonizpf
Guevea de Humboldtzpg
Totomachapanzph
la-zt, j-zt,w-zt
-ol-ban, -ol-ban,w-ol-ban183
Santa Mara Quiegolanizpi
Quiavicuzaszpj
Tlacolulitazpk
le-kie, kie, u-kie-ula, ula, un-ulaLachixozpl
Mixtepeczpm
la-old, -old,b-ild
Santa Ins Yatzechizpn
le 185n-za kuent, zakuent, m-zakuent184
n-ol, -ol, mb-ilAmatlnzpo
El Altozpp
la-uala,-uala,b--uala
-ol, -ol, b-ilZoogochozpq
Santiago Xanicazpr
lCoatlnzps
San Vicente Coatlnzpt
la-ol, -ol, b-elYallagzpu
183Etymologically 'read' '?'.184The part /kuent/ is a loanword from Spanish 'cuento'. Other varieties have a similar idiom.185'is called'.
62 Basic Vocabulary
'name';'nombre';18.280
'tell story';'contar'('relatar'); 18.221'h', 'p', 'c'
'sing'; 'cantar';18.120 'h', 'p', 'c'
Identifier as inEthnologue
ISO 639-3code
Chichicapanzpv
Zanizazpw
San Baltazar Loxichazpx
Mazaltepeczpy
laTexmelucanzpz
Southern Rincnzsr
Elotepeczte
l-ne kuent, ---, ----ol kant, ---,---186
Xanaguaztg
Lapagua-Guiviniztl
San Agustn Mixtepecztm
laSanta Catarina Albarradasztn
Loxichaztp
l-so kuent, k-sokuent, p-so kuent
-ol, k-ol, b-ilQuioquitani-Quierztq
la-ni, -ni, u-ni187-uld, -uld, b-ildTilquiapanzts
Tejalapanztt
Gilztu
Zaachilaztx
Yateezty
186The verb is also used for 'dance'; the second part of this idiom is from Spanish 'cantar' for 'sing'.187This is simply the verb for 'say, speak'.
Items 18 63
Index of English Terms
An index from English to the IDS number is given below.
river 1.360ground 1.210, 1.212air 1.710
sand 1.215hand 4.330ashes 1.840
see 15.510head 4.200be born 4.720
sing 18.120hear 15.410black 15.650
skin 4.120ahide 4.120bblood 4.150
sky 1.510hill 1.220blue 15.670
soil 1.210, 1.212horn 4.170bone 4.160
star 1.540I 2.910breast (of woman) 4.410
stone 1.440knee 4.360brook 1.360
stream 1.360land 1.210, 1.212burn (intr.) 1.851
sun 1.520leaf 8.560cave 1.280
tell story 18.221leather 6.290charcoal 1.890
tongue 4.260live 4.740come 10.480
tooth 4.270liver 4.450die 4.750
tree 1.420, 8.600louse 3.811dog 3.610
two 13.020male 2.300drink 5.130
water 1.310moon 1.530dust 1.213
we (exclusive) 2.942mountain 1.220ear 4.220
we (inclusive) 2.941mud 1.214earth 1.210, 1.212
white 15.640name 18.280earthquake 1.450
wind 1.720new 14.130eat 5.110
wood 1.430night (or become night) 14.420eye 4.210
yellow 15.690nose 4.230female 2.400
you (pl.) 2.950one 13.010fire 1.810
you (sg.) 2.920path 10.720firewood 1.880
person 2.100fish 3.650
rain 1.750flame 1.820
rainbow 1.590foam 1.324
raw 5.122full 13.210
red 15.660green 15.680
64 Basic Vocabulary
Index of Spanish Terms
An index from Spanish to the IDS number is given below.
pez 3.650hembra 2.400agua 1.310
piedra 1.440hgado 4.450aire 1.710
piel 4.120ahoja 8.560amarillo 15.690
piojo 3.811hueso 4.160rbol 1.420, 8.600
polvo 1.213lengua 4.260arco iris 1.590
ro 1.360lea 1.880arder 1.851
rodilla 4.360lodo 1.214arena 1.215
rojo 15.660luna 1.530arroyo 1.360
sangre 4.150llama 1.820azul 15.670
senda 10.720lleno 13.210beber 5.130
sol 1.520lluvia 1.750blanco 15.640
terremoto 1.450macho 2.300cabeza 4.200
tierra 1.210, 1.212madera 1.430camino 10.720
t 2.920mano 4.330cantar 18.120
uno 13.010morir 4.750carbn 1.890
venir 10.480nacer 4.720cenizas 1.840
ver 15.510nariz 4.230cerro 1.220
verde 15.680negro 15.650cielo 1.510
viento 1.720noche (o anochecer) 14.420comer 5.110
vivir 4.740nombre 18.280contar 18.221
vosotros 2.950nosotros (exclusivo) 2.942corriente 1.360
yo 2.910nosotros (inclusivo) 2.941crudo 5.122
nuevo 14.130cuerno 4.170
or 15.410cuero 6.290
ojo 4.210cueva 1.280
oreja 4.220diente 4.270
pecho (de mujer) 4.410dos 13.020
pellejo 4.120bespuma 1.324
persona 2.100estrella 1.540
perro 3.610fuego 1.810
Index of Spanish Terms 65
Abbreviations
completive=chabitual=hpotential=pstative=s
References
Buck, Carl Darling, compiler. 1949. A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
66 Basic Vocabulary
ContentsIntroductionItems 1.2Items 1.3Items 1.4Items 1.5Items 1.7Items 1.8Items 2.1-2.4Items 2.9Items 3.6-3.8Items 4.1Items 4.2Items 4.3Items 4.4Items 4.7Items 5Items 6Items 8Items 10Items 13Items 14Items 15.4-15.5Items 15.6Items 18Index of English TermsIndex of Spanish TermsAbbreviationsReferences
Recommended