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7/24/2019 Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)
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Alabama Fire College
Basic SCBA
Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus
7/24/2019 Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)
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Alabama Fire College
Introduction Failure to use the SCBAproperly canresult in injury or death
Respiratory systemextremely
vulnerable Fire departments must have a mas
rule
!ear and use SCBA in IDLHatmosphere
SCBA necessary even during exteriordefensive operations
"#$
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Alabama Fire College
Introduction %cont&d#' Any inhaled toxic gas can directly
cause disease of the lung tissue
(ne in )$ firefighters is injured inthe line of duty each year
Smoe inhalation accounts for )*
percent of fatalities
+ $) percent of fireground injuries
"#,
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Conditions e.uiring
espiratory /rotection (xygen deficiency
0igh temperatures Smoe or by-products of
combustion
1oxic environments
"#2
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Alabama Fire College
(xygen-3eficient4nvironments Fire consumes oxygen
+ /roduces toxic gases
+ 3isplace or dilute oxygen
(xygen concentrations belo5 )6#7percent are oxygen-deficientatmospheres
Affects on the human body8+ 9uscular impairment
+ 9ental confusion
+ 3eath "#7
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Alabama Fire College"#:
1able "-) 4ffects of 0ypoxia %educed (xygen'
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4levated 1emperatures espiratory system sensitive to
temperature
Air temperatures as lo5 as ):7;F can
cause death 5ithin ) minute Inhaling gases causes8
+ /ulmonary edema
+ Asphyxiation
+
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Smoe >nburned products of combustion?
particles of carbon? tar? associated gases
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4ffects of 1oxic @ases
and 1oxic 4nvironments Combustion produces toxic gases and
irritants
+ Affect short- and long-term health
!hen combustion products combine may
form lethal toxins
Some common gases affect circulatory
system Commercial occupancies may produce
additional toxins
+ e.uires higher level of protection
"#6
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"#)=
1able "-$ 1oxic @ases Formed as /roducts of Combustion
7/24/2019 Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)
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se
Common sense8 >se SCBA on everyfire scene
+ Start to finish
egulations developed for SCBA use (rganiations established regulations
and standards
"#))
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1itle $6 Code of Federal
egulations? Section )6)=#),2
4stablishes standards for all entries into
I3
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F/A )7==8 Standard on Fire3epartment (ccupational Safety
and 0ealth /rogram
Authority having jurisdiction AH!"mustadopt the standard for the fire department
1hree additional standards8
+ F/A )2=28 minimum re.uirements for
protection programs+ F/A )6*)8 design and performance criteria
+ F/A )6*$8 standards on /ASS
"#),
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Alabama Fire College
nderstand limitations to use unit
effectively and safely
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Alabama Fire College"#)7
Figure "-" Continuous training 5ith SCBA is one of
the eys to effective firefighting operations#
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Alabama Fire College
SCBA 3esign and Sie SCBA units add 5eight and bul to //4
SCBA cylinder consumed more .uicly
than length of time rated for8
+
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Alabama Fire College
ser /hysical? mental? emotional state
cause usage problems
+ /hysical limitations8 added 5eight and
bul
+ /hysiological limitations
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Alabama Fire College
Air Supply 9anagement Air supply management+ 9ust understand air consumption rates
+ Individual point of no return
+ 0eads up display
arious methods of breathing tae experimentation
on the part of the firefighter
+ >se normal breaths and exhale slo5ly
+ #everhold breath
+ Controlled breathing is most efficient use of air
"#)*
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Alabama Fire College"#)6
Figure "-)) An example of an air consumption test#
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1ypes of Self-ContainedBreathing Apparatus 15o types of SCBA8
+ (pen-circuit SCBA
4xhaled air is vented to outsideatmosphere
9ost common
+ Closed-circuit SCBA
4xhaled air stays in the system forfiltering? cleaning? circulation
Sometimes used for specialied rescueincidents
"#$=
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Alabama Fire College
(pen-Circuit Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus 3esigned and built in accordance
5ith I(S0 and F/A standards
Four basic assembly components8
+ Bacpac and harness
+ Cylinder
+ egulator+ Face piece assembly
"#$)
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Alabama Fire College"#$$
Figure "-), 1he four components of the open-circuit SCBA
are the bacpacDharness? cylinder? regulator? and face piece
assemblies#
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Alabama Fire College"#$,
Head Harness
Head Straps
Voice Emitter
Regulator Adapter Port
Nose Cone
Head Straps
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Alabama Fire College"#$2
Purge Valve
(Emergency
Bypass)
Regulator Quic
!isconnect "it# H$!
Connector
Heads $p!isplay
(H$!)
%ace Piece &oc 'a
ec#anism
Air Saver S"itc# ort#e
!on*!o++ S"itc#
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Alabama Fire College
Closed-Circuit Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus ot used for firefighting operations
9ost common use8 haardous materials
incidents Air supplies range from ,= minutes to four hours
Contain cylinder? filter system? regulator? andvalves
Clean and filter exhaled breath and add oxygen+ Air supply duration based on filteringDcleaning and
oxygen capacity of unit
"#$7
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Alabama Fire College
(pen-Circuit Supplied
Air espirators (pen-circuit supp$ied air respirators
SARs"
+ Also called airline respirators+ emote air supply
Commonly used for haardous materials
incidents
+ Confined space rescues
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Inspection and 9aintenance ofSelf-Contained Breathing
Apparatus
Inspection on daily or regular basis Al5ays follo5 manufacturer&s
instructions
/rocedures in this chapter may differfrom the recommendation
"#$"
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3aily 9aintenance SCBA units should be checed
daily
If used during emergency scene or
training exercise should be
serviced in same manner
Follo5 )=-step inspection
procedure
"#$*
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Annual and Biannual
9aintenance I(S0 and SCBA manufacturers
re.uire different functional tests of
SCBA units
(nly manufacturer&s authoried or
trained service personnel shall
conduct these tests Firefighters should refer to the
instructions for the SCBA units used
"#,=
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Alabama Fire College
@eneral Considerations (perational safety checs must be
performed
Conducted on a daily or regular
basis
+ Immediately prior to using the SCBA
unit
If any component does not operateproperly or is damaged? unit taen
out of service immediately
"#,)
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Figure "-$, Firefighters must perform regular checs
of SCBA to ensure the unit&s ability to operate#
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Alabama Fire College
3onning and 3offing Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus
9ost common donning procedures8
+ Seat-mounted position in the apparatus+ Side compartment on the apparatus
+ Storage case
efer to manufacturer&s instructions
"#,,
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Alabama Fire College
Storage Case 15o methods to don unit8
+ E(ver the head
+ ECoat
+ Choice is a matter of personal
preference and training
efer to donning instructions for the
particular SCBA unit
"#,2
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Alabama Fire College
Seat-9ounted Apparatus Allo5s for .uic donning >nit readily available for regular
inspection
1hree important safety re.uirements8+ Storing of the face piece
+ 3onning the unit 5hile vehicle is moving
+ Checing the cylinder gauge
ever don 5hile vehicle is in motion Chec gauge before response or use the
buddy system
"#,7
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Alabama Fire College
Compartment or Side-9ounted
Apparatus Similar to seat-mounted position
except firefighter is standing
If mount bracet 5rong height? use
Ecoat method
Follo5 donning methods for particular
mounting style
"#,:
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Alabama Fire College
3onning the SCBA Face /iece 9ost SCBA face pieces donned in a similarmanner+ 3ifference in style of head straps? regulator
location
4ssential to protect firefighter from toxicgases
Firefighter must be fitted for the face pieceto be used 5ith a particular manufacturer&s
SCBA /rohibit anything that may interfere 5ith
proper fit and seal of face piece+ 4xamples8 eye glasses? beards? sideburns
"#,"
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Alabama Fire College
emovingD3offing the
SCBA >nit @enerally to remove SCBA donning procedure
is reversed
If a5aiting another assignment? remove facepiece
+ Allo5 normal breathing? conserve air
3o not 5ear the mas 5ithout air flo5ing into it
egulator or face piece must not becontaminated
After assignment complete? report to
rehabilitation
"#,*
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Alabama Fire College
Safe >se of SCBA 4ssential to firefighter survival SCBA unit and protective e.uipment
add 5eight and bul
+ Increased exertion and loss of body
fluids
Firefighters must be a5are of
symptoms of heat stress+ Be a5are of o5n limitations and
abilities
"#2=
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Alabama Fire College
(perating in a 0ostile
4nvironment @eneral rules8
+ Chec in 5ith accountability officer 5hen entering
or exiting+ emain lo5? chec the environment and
conditions
+ ever remove the face piece? maintain an
a5areness of location
+ entilate as you advance if it does not spread fire+ Chec for outside openings
+ 9aintain direct contact 5ith other team members
+ ever enter a hostile environment alone
"#2)
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Alabama Fire College
estricted (penings
/robe tight spot 5ith a tool
Be sure conditions on other side of
obstacle are safe
Shift pac to left side
ES5im through obstacle bac5ards
EFor5ard dive techni.ue
3o not remove SCBA unless
absolutely necessary
"#2$
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Alabama Fire College"#2,
Figure "-,) Firefighters may have to get beneath an
obstacle to facilitate their escape? 5hich may also
re.uire them to lo5er their profile#
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4mergency /rocedures 4mergency procedures exist to assist a
firefighter in safe escape from haard
emain calm? rely on training and
no5ledge ever remove the face piece of the SCBA
Standard emergency chec procedure
stressed
If entangled? do not pull for5ard+ >se 5ire cutters to cut one 5ire at a time
+ ES5im method
"#22
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"#27
Figure "-,$ 4mergency procedures chec#
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Alabama Fire College
Changing SCBA Cylinders
Cylinders changed after use? follo5ing
local S(/s
Cylinder 6= percent full could mean loss
of $7 minutes of air supply
+ Could mae the difference in successful exit
Follo5 )$-step replacement procedure
Additional steps for t5o-person SCBAcylinder replacement
"#2:
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Servicing SCBA Cylinders
Cylinder serviced 5hen belo5 full+Air source must be tested and certified
+All cylinders must have a current
hydrostatic test date+All fill stations must have fragmentation
containment devices
+All manufacturer&s recommendationsshould be follo5ed
+ Fill rate may vary
Cascade system
CompressorDpurifier system"#2"
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"#2*
Figure "-,: %A' A cascade system is one of the systems available
to service SCBA cylinders# 1hese may be fixed or mobile units# %B'
%A' %B'
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Summary
SCBA is one of the most important items of //4
that firefighters have available to them#
An increase in safety regulations and
improvements in design and construction ofSCBA have greatly increased their safety and
reliability#
An SCBA has limitations and also increases the
limitations and demands on the firefighter&sphysical conditioning#
"#7=
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Summary
1he firefighter must be familiar and
comfortable 5ith the use? emergency
procedures? inspection? and maintenance
of an SCBA#
1he firefighter must be proficient in the
proper and rapid procedures for donning
and doffing SCBA#
" 7)
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