View
217
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Barriers to Multicultural
Counseling and Therapy:
Individual and Family Perspectives
By: Christina L. Richardson
Chapter 7
Barriers to Multicultural Counseling
Culture-Bound Values
• These are the values that people have learned to do, believe, value and enjoy.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOHvMz7dl2A
Focus on the IndividualsCulture-Bound Values
Western Cultures
Competition between individuals for status, recognition, achievement, etc.
Non – Western Cultures
Identity is not seen apart from the group orientation (collectivism)
Family values
Verbal/Emotional/Behavioral
Expressiveness
Culture-Bound ValuesWestern Cultures
Verbal
Articulate
Able to express their thoughts and feelings clearly
Typical “talk therapy”
Non – Western Cultures
silence
Restraint of strong feelings
InsightCulture-Bound Values
Western Cultures
Beneficial for individuals to gain insight or understanding into their underlying dynamics and causes
Non – Western Cultures
Insight is a back burner thought to current issues
Self-thinking
Self-Disclosure (Openness and Intimacy)
Culture-Bound ValuesWestern Cultures
The ability to self-disclose and talk about the most intimate aspects of one’s life
Non – Western Cultures
Don’t reveal personal matters to strangers
Disclosure is a part of intimate relationships
Scientific Empiricism
Culture-Bound ValuesWestern Cultures
Highly linear, analytic and verbal
Non – Western Cultures
Non linear, holistic, and harmonious
Distinctions Between Mental and Physical Functioning
Culture-Bound ValuesWestern Cultures
Counseling/Therapy is a journey
Non – Western Cultures
Expect immediate solutions and concrete tangible forms of treatment
AmbiguityCulture-Bound Values
Western Cultures
Counseling/Therapy is a journey
Non – Western Cultures
Ambiguous and unstructured nature of counseling may create issues
Patterns of CommunicationCulture-Bound Values
Western Cultures
Conversation moves from client to counselor
Non – Western Cultures
Some cultures will not speak until spoken to, out of respect
Therapy should be directive and active on the part of the counselor
Barriers to Multicultural Counseling
Class-Bound Values
Low Socioeconomic Class
Failure of Empathy within the helping profession
Classism
Patterns of “American” Cultural
Assumptions
Barriers to Multicultural
Counseling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTd8XS5UA4g
Patterns of “American” Cultural
Assumptions
Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingArea of Relationships
Middle-Class White Americans
Asian Americans
American Indians
Black Americans
Hispanic Americans
People to nature/environment
Mastery over Harmony with
Harmony with
Harmony with
Harmony with
Time Orientation
Future Past-present
Present Present Past-present
People Relations
Individual Collateral Collateral Collateral Collateral
Preferred mode of activity
Doing Doing Being-in-becoming
Doing Being-in-becoming
Nature of man Good/Bad Good Good Good/Bad Good
People-Nature RelationshipsBarriers to Multicultural
CounselingWestern Cultures
Believes in mastery and control over nature
Problems are attacked directly
Non – Western Cultures
Harmony
Indirectly solve problems
Believe in “acts of God”
Time Dimension Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingWestern Cultures
Future
Non – Western Cultures
American Indian focus on the now, no rushing
Hispanics mark time by events
All cultures collectively look at present time
Relational Dimension Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingWestern Cultures
Individual
Achieve oriented society
Non – Western Cultures
Collateral units, not just immediate family, but kinships/cousins
Activity Dimension Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingWestern Cultures
Master/control
Always do things about a situation
Pragmatic and utilitarian view of life
Non – Western Cultures
American Indians/Latinos – being-in-becoming
Asian/African Americans - doing
Nature of People Dimension Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingWestern Cultures
Good/Bad
Non – Western Cultures
American Indians/Asians – emphasize the inherent good in people
Hispanic/African Americans – mixed, good/bad
Generalizations and Stereotypes: Some
Cautions
Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingBe cognizant of the generic characteristics of counseling and psychotherapy (Western civilization oriented)
Be ready to provide adequate multilingual services
Consider providing community counseling services that reach out to minority clients
Realize that minority’s problems and concerns are often systematic external rather than internal psychological
With diversity comes different cultural concepts of the family
Families are a sum of all their parts, cultural, social, political
Be careful NOT to overgeneralize or STEREOTYPE! Be better… Practice Better!
Activity: Circles of My Multicultural Self
Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingOn your paper there are 5 circles.
1. Write your name in the center circle
2. In the 4 outlying circles write a dimension of your identity that you consider to be important, ex. Female, athlete, Jewish, brother, educator, Asian American, middle class, and so on, or any descriptor that you identify with.
3. Write a P next to the dimension that makes you most proud.
4. Write a S next to the dimension that is most painful to be identified with.
Activity: Circles of My Multicultural Self
Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingAt the bottom of your paper there is this sentence.
I am (a/an) _____________________ but I am NOT (a/an)_____________________.
Fill the first sentence in with one of your dimensions/identifiers and the second sentence with a stereotype for that identifier.
Place your name in the center circle of the structure below. Write an important aspect of your identity in each of the satellite circles -- an identifier or descriptor that you feel is important in defining you. This can include anything: Asian American, female, mother, athlete, educator, Taoist, scientist, or any descriptor with which you identify.
Activity: Circles of My Multicultural Self
Barriers to Multicultural
CounselingYour paper should look like this!
I am (a/an) African American
but I am NOT (a/an)
ignorant/ghetto person.
Place your name in the center circle of the structure below. Write an important aspect of your identity in each of the satellite circles -- an identifier or descriptor that you feel is important in defining you. This can include anything: Asian American, female, mother, athlete, educator, Taoist, scientist, or any descriptor with which you identify.
Recommended