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Five Famous Symbols of
American Culture
Unit 4 Section A
NHE
Barbie
Barbie
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
1. Lead-in Activities
3. Expressions & Patterns
2. Intensive Reading
4. Writing
Unit 4 Section A
Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say
Watch & Discuss
Watch the video and discuss the given topics.
Questions & Answers
Listen to a passage and answer some questions.
Listen to a passage and fill in the missing words.
Compound Dictation
Acquaint yourself with some relevant information.
Background Information
Home
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
The Statue of Liberty
The idea of creating the Statue of Liberty began in
France at a dinner party hosted by Edouard Rene Lefebvre
Laboulaye, a scholar. Laboulaye and Frédéric-Auguste
Bartholdi, a sculptor, began to discuss the idea of presenting
the United States with a monument to memorialize
independence and human liberty.
Bartholdi sailed from France
to New York on June 8, 1871, to
propose the building of the statue
to honor the friendship between
France and the United States. As
the ship pulled into New York
Harbor, Bartholdi spotted the
perfect location, Liberty Island. Down 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
Barbie dolls It was the late 1950s when Ruth Handler noticed her daughter playing with paper dolls and imagining them in grown-up roles. Since most dolls at the time were baby dolls, Ruth envisioned one that would inspire little girls to think about what they wanted to be when they grew up. Ruth created a teenage fashion model doll named Barbie (after her daughter), and the rest is history. Barbie has been an integral part of the lives of millions of young girls. Her timeless appeal has resulted in a dedicated legion of fans that love to collect her.
Up Down 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
The Mattel Toy Company
Mattel is the worldwide leader in the design,
manufacture, and marketing of toy products. The
company’s core brands include Barbie, Hot Wheels,
Matchbox, Fisher-Price, and American Girl. With
headquarters in El Segundo, California, Mattel has
offices and facilities in 36
countries and sells its
products in more than 150
nations throughout the world.
Up Down 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
American Gothic Wood intended the couple to represent a typical small town resident and his daughter, but most interpret them as man and wife. Since completion, Grant Wood’s 1930 painting American Gothic has become a critically acclaimed work that continues to enjoy enormous popularity.
It also has become an
American icon and is the model
for a countless number of
commercial art parodies, such
as posters, cards, and souvenirs.
The painting hangs in the Art
Institute of Chicago.
Up Down 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
New York City’s Central Park
Central Park was the first landscaped public park in the
United States. Advocates of creating the park — primarily
wealthy merchants and landowners — admired the public
grounds of London and Paris and urged that New York
needed a comparable facility to establish its international
reputation. A public park, they argued, would offer their own
families an attractive setting for carriage rides and provide
working-class New Yorkers with a healthy alternative to the
saloon. After three years of debate over the park site and cost,
in 1853 the state legislature authorized the City of New York
to use the power of eminent
domain to acquire more
than 700 acres of land in the
center of Manhattan.
Up Down 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
Uncle Sam The prevailing theory is that Uncle Sam was named after Samuel Wilson. Wilson was born in Arlington, Mass., on September 13, 1766. His childhood home was in Mason, New Hampshire.
In 1789, he and his brother Ebenezer walked to Troy, New York. Samuel Wilson died in 1854. His grave is in the Oakwood Cemetery in Troy. The single most famous portrait of Uncle Sam is the “I WANT YOU” Army recruiting poster from World War I. The poster was painted by James Montgomery Flagg in 1916-1917.
Up Down 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
Buffalo nickel
In 1911 sculptor James Earl Fraser began designing
the “Buffalo” nickel. Fraser said the portrait on the
“head’s” side was a composite of three American
Indians — Iron Tail, Big Tree and Two Moons.
Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Compound Dictation
Directions:
You will hear a passage. It will be
read twice. Listen carefully and
supply the missing words.
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
During the War of _____, Wilson was in the
________ of slaughtering and _______ meat.
He provided large _________ of meat to the
US Army, in _______ that were stamped with
the _______ “US”. __________, someone who
saw the “US” stamp _________ — perhaps as
a joke — that the initials stood for “Uncle
Sam” Wilson. ___________________________
___________________ “Uncle Sam” led to the
idea that _______________________________
___________.
Back
Uncle Sam symbolized the federal
The suggestion that the meat
shipments came from
Supposedly initials
barrels
packing
suggested
shipments
1812 business
government
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Questions & Answers
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say
1.What are the symbols that you have heard
about?
2. What can you imagine to be the reasons
the Statue of Liberty was built?
3. What more can you say about the symbols
of American culture?
key
key
key
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
key
返回
Reference Words:
symbol, be known around the world,
statue, doll, nickel
The symbols, by which the United
States of America is known around the
world, are the Statue of Liberty, the
Barbie doll, the great American Gothic,
the Buffalo nickel and Uncle Sam.
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Reference Words:
have something to do with, think up,
memorialize, victory, the War of
Independence, be intended to, honor,
alliance
key
According to the very name “the Statue of
Liberty”, I guess it has something to do with
freedom, because the word “liberty” means
freedom. The biggest freedom for America is
its independence from Britain, so the only
reason I can think up for building the Statue
is that it was to memorialize the victory of the
War of Independence. Besides, since the
statue was sent to the United States as a
present from France, it was also intended to
honor the alliance between the two countries.
返回
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Reference Words:
hear of, as to, popular with sb., launch,
declare, dash to, wedding dresses, design
for
key
I’ve heard of the name, the Statue of Liberty,
but know little about its story. As to Barbie doll,
it is very popular with little girls around the
world. In different seasons, the company
launches different beautiful clothes for her. At
a certain time, the company declares that
Barbie is in love and has a boyfriend. Some
time ago, Barbie even got married. Then, little
girls dashed to stores to buy wedding dresses
designed for her. I believe that is a great
success in business. As to Uncle Sam, I only
know that it is another name for U.S.
返回 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Directions:
Watch the video and
then discuss the topics
as follows:
2. Is it necessary to conduct the patriotic
education among the youth of today? key
1. What does a nation value as her symbols?
key
I. Lead-in Activities: Listen, Look & Say
Video watching
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
返回 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
1. Why does the guide in the video see the
Statue of Liberty as the most enduring
symbol of the American culture?
2. What are the symbols of the Chinese
culture?
Path of thinking:
key
Summary: In general, anything representative of a
nation’s glorious history, her brave and creative
spirit, or her unique insights into the world is
valued as the symbol of her culture. The Statue of
Liberty stands not only for the most important
event in the US history, the War of Independence,
but also for the nation’s quest for the spirit of
liberty, as the Declaration of Independence goes,
“ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that
among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
Happiness”. That is why the statue is ranked as the
first symbol of the American culture. >>>more
Throughout our history there are many
highlights worthy of the nation’s cultural symbols:
>>>more
>>>more
Notes: Big Photos:
1. The Terra Cotta Warriors and
Horses of Qin Dynasty
2. The Imperial Palace in Beijing
3. The Monument of the People’s
Heroes
4. The Giant Stone Buddha in Leshan
5. The Longmen Grottoes
6. Potala Palace
7. Tang Tricolor
8. Lei Feng and His Spirit
9. Yuanmingyuan
10. Ancient china
11. Confucius
12.The Great Wall
Notes: Small
Photos: (L. –
B. – R.)
1. Serial Bells
2. Silk
3. Paper-cut
4. Cheongsam
5. Tang Wear
6. Two-stringed
Fiddle
7. Playing the
fiddle
8. Paper-making
9. Compass
10. Beijing Opera
11. Weiqi
12. Seismoscope
13. Dunhuang
Grottoes 返回 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Path of thinking:
1. Do you know the present state of patriotic
education in our country?
2. Please set out your views on the necessity to
cultivate today’s youth in patriotism.
key
Summary:
Much to our distress, these years have seen a
gross neglect of patriotic education in our
society, as a result of more and more weight
being attached to the economic effects or the
material gains. According to some official
reports, many patriotic education centers have
been closed down or kept open to the public for
other profitable purposes. These reports also
reveal that many of the national heroes in the
Chinese history have given way to pop stars in
youths’ minds. And even worse, some highlights
of our culture are seen as others’. >>>more
In view of the above, there is a great need to
inculcate patriotism in the youth of today.
Through patriotic education, in my opinion,
young people are able to know more about the
glorious history of our nation, thus building up
their sense of pride as Chinese. Through
patriotic education, young people will value
today’s hard-earned life so as to hold dearer
their golden chances of enriching themselves
with knowledge. And still through patriotic
education, young people will draw on more of
their potentials to make tomorrow’s life better
for the rise of our nation. 返回 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Intensive Reading
New
Words
Passage
Reading
Structure
Analysis
TEXT A
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Structure Analysis
Main idea of the text
Main idea of each
part and devices
for developing it
Part Ⅰ
Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ
Part IV
Part V
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
• statue
• liberty
• enlighten
• monument
• alliance
• approve
• affection
• assemble
• torch
• bay
• exaggerate
II.Structure Analysis
• breast
• version
• universal
• universally
• sixty
• fame
• interpretation
• solemn
• medieval
• inspire
• grave
• dentist
• alongside
• stretch
• portrait
• buffalo
• nickel
• tragedy
• settlement
• frontier
• herd
• horn
Back
• liberate
• reputation
• inspect
• contract
• evolve
• recruit
• poster
• beard
• chin
Phrases and
Expressions
• work on sth.
• be in love with
sb.
• approve of sth.
• go ahead
• for sale
• come up with
• rise to fame
• name after sb.
• save sb./sth.
from
• go against
• run away
from
Proper Names
• the Statue of
Liberty
• Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
• Liberty
Enlightening
the World
• Philadelphia
• New York
Bay
• Barbie
• Barbara
Handler
• Elliot Handler
• Ruth Handler
• Mattel Toy
Company
• Ken
• American Gothic
• Grant Wood
• Nan
• Indian
• James Earle Fraser • Central Park Zoo
• Uncle Sam
• Sam Wilson
• the American
Revolution
• US Army
• Brother
Jonathan
• James
Montgomery
Flagg
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Intensive Reading Section A
Down
Back
Para.1-2 The Statue of Liberty
In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste
Bartholdi was working on an enormous project called
Liberty Enlightening the World, a monument
celebrating US independence and the France-America
alliance. At the same time, he was in love with a woman
whom he had met in Canada. His mother could not
approve of her son's affection for a woman she had
never met, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his
love in 1876.
Five Famous Symbols of American Culture
Chinese
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 3-4 That same year Bartholdi had assembled
the statue's right arm and torch, and displayed them
in Philadelphia. It is said that he had used his wife's
arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful
for the statue. He needed someone whose face
represented suffering yet strength, someone more
severe than beautiful. He chose his mother.
The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island
in Upper New York Bay in 1886. It had his mother's
face and his wife's body, but Bartholdi called it "my
daughter, Liberty".
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para.5-7 Barbie
Before all the different types of Barbie dolls for sale
now, there was just a single Barbie. Actually, her name
was Barbara.
Barbara Handler was the daughter of Elliot and
Ruth Handler, co-founders of the Mattel Toy Company.
Ruth came up with the idea for Barbie after watching
her daughter play with paper dolls. The three-
dimensional model for Barbie was a German doll — a
joke gift for adults described as having the appearance
of "a woman who sold sex". Mattel refashioned the doll
into a decent, all-American — although with an
exaggerated breast size — version and named it after
Barbara, who was then a teenager.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 8-10 Since her introduction in 1959,
Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen
of the Dolls. Mattel says the average American girl
owns ten Barbie dolls, and two are sold somewhere
in the world every second.
Now more than sixty years old, Barbara — who
declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll -
may be the most famous unknown figure on the
planet.
Barbie's boyfriend, Ken, was introduced in 1961
and named after Barbara's brother. The real Ken, who
died in 1994, was disgusted by the doll that made his
family famous. "I don't want my children to play with
it," he said in 1993.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 11-12 American Gothic
Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his
painting American Gothic, an often-copied
interpretation of the solemn pride of American
farmers. The painting shows a serious-looking man
and a woman standing in front of a farmhouse. He
was strongly influenced by medieval artists and
inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse,
but the faces in his composition were what captured
the world's attention.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 13-14 Wood liked to paint faces he knew well.
For the grave farmer he used his dentist, a sour-
looking man. For the woman standing alongside him,
the artist chose his sister, Nan. He stretched the
models' necks a bit, but there was no doubt who
posed for the portrait.
Nan later remarked that the fame she gained
from American Gothic saved her from a very boring
life.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para.15-17 The Buffalo Nickel
Today, American coins honor prominent figures
of the US government — mostly famous former
presidents. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from
1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies
from the settlement of the American frontier — the
destruction of the buffalo herds and the American
Indians.
While white people had previously been used
as models for most American coins, famed artist
James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using
three actual American Indians as models for his
creation.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 18-20 For the buffalo on the other side,
since buffalo no longer wandered about the great
grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging
buffalo from New York City's Central Park Zoo. Two
years later, in 1915, this animal was sold for $100 and
killed for meat, a hide, and a wall decoration made from
its horns.
Uncle Sam
Fourteen-year-old Sam Wilson ran away from
home to join his father and older brothers in the fight to
liberate the American colonies from the British during
the American Revolution. At age 23, he started a
meatpacking business and earned a reputation for
being honest and hard working.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 21 During a later war in 1812, Wilson gained
a position inspecting meat for US Army forces,
working with a man who had signed a contract with
the government to provide meat to the army. Barrels
of meat supplied to the army were stamped "EA-US",
identifying the company (EA) and country of origin
(US). According to one story, when a government
official visited the plant and asked about the letters, a
creative employee told him "US" was short for "Uncle
Sam" Wilson. Soon soldiers were saying all Army
supplies were from "Uncle Sam".
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Para. 22 After the war, a character called Uncle
Sam began appearing in political cartoons, his form
evolving from an earlier cartoon character called
Brother Jonathan that was popular during the American
Revolution. Uncle Sam soon replaced Brother Jonathan
as American's most popular symbol. The most enduring
portrait of Uncle Sam was created by artist James
Montgomery Flagg in his famous army recruiting
posters of World Wars I and II. That version — a tall man
with white hair and a small white beard on his chin, a
dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on it — was a
self-portrait of Flagg.
Chinese
Intensive Reading Section A Back
Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
孔子的塑像
the Statue of Confucius
鲁迅塑像
the Statue of /to Lu Xun
Compare:
stature: n. the height of a person 身高
My Father was of very small stature, barely 1.6 meters tall.
我父亲个子不高,还不到1.6米高。
The old man was a little short in stature. 老人个子矮小。
For Example:
statue: n. the figure of a person or animal, that is made
of stone or metal and usually put in a public place
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
loss of liberty 丧失自由
不管付出多少代价,我们都要捍卫我们的公民自由。
We must defend our civil liberties at all costs.
You are at liberty to leave when you wish.
你随时可以走。
我无权告诉你我是如何得到这消息的。
I am not at liberty to tell you how I got this information.
For Example:
liberty: n. the freedom to go where you want, do what you
want, etc.
句型结构:be at liberty to do sth. 自由做某事
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
They are working on a report of their investigation of
synthetic rubber.
他们在写一份合成橡胶的调查报告。
在尝试新的东西之前,我想努力改进我的风格。
I want to work on perfecting my style before trying
anything new.
科学家们还在努力研发到达外层空间的新办法。
The scientists are still working on inventing new
methods of reaching outer space.
For Example:
Back
work on: have sth. as the subject of thought or effort
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I cannot remember how the trains turned round to return to London. Could you please enlighten me?
我记不得火车是如何绕回到伦敦的,你能告诉我吗?
你能否在这个问题上指点我一番?
Can you enlighten me on this issue?
这是一次极有启发性、极令人兴奋的体验。
It can be an enormously enlightening and exciting experience.
For Example:
Back
enlighten: vt. give sb. more information about sth. so that he
or she knows the truth
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
the country's military alliance with France
该国与法国在军事上结成的同盟
两党分歧依然很大,无法结成同盟。
The two parties were still too much apart to
form an alliance.
For Example:
alliance: n. a group of countries, political parties or people
who have agreed to work together because of the
same interests or aims
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
We need to get an official from the government to approve this project.
我们需要一位政府官员来支持这个项目。
His father didn't approve of his leaving school at 16.
他父亲不赞成他16岁就离开学校。
她父母不认可她的朋友。
Her parents don't approve of her friends.
我不喜欢他的举止。
I didn't approve of his manner.
For Example:
Back
approve: v. accept, permit or officially agree (to)
approve of: say, show or feel that sth. is good;
be pleased about sth.; like sb. or sth.
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Mark felt great affection for his sister.
马克非常爱他的妹妹。
她渐渐爱上了这个地方。
She had developed quite an affection for the place.
孩子们竭尽全力来赢得父母的爱。
The children are doing all kinds of things to win the affection of their parents.
For Example:
Back
affection: n. feeling of fondness
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
If you go ahead and sell this medicine, your license will be revoked.
如果你不经许可继续出售这种药品,你的执照将被吊销。
The council gave us permission to go ahead with our building plans.
委员会允许我们继续实施我们的建筑计划。
尽管主席生病了,但会议仍照计划继续进行。
In spite of the chairman's illness, the meeting will go ahead as planned.
For Example:
go ahead:
1)continue or advance (without permission)
2) be allowed to continue (with sth.);
take place, as after a difficulty
Go ahead
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
I'll go ahead and tell them you'll be there shortly
我先走一步,告诉他们你马上就到。
说吧,我们听着呢。
Go ahead, we're all listening.
For Example:
Back
go ahead: 3) move in front of sth. or sb.
4) begin, especially to speak
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
我们用了一整天来安装新书架。
We spent all day trying to assemble our new bookshelves.
她很费力地组装自行车。
She tried hard to assemble the bike.
领导们聚集在上海开会。
The leaders assembled in Shanghai for the meeting.
一小时后,班主任终于把她的学生集中在校门口了。
An hour later, the head teacher managed to assemble all her students at the school gate.
For Example:
Back
assemble: v. 1) fit the parts of sth. together 2) come together in a group; gather or collect
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
The sign on the house says “For Sale”.
房子上的标牌写着“出售”。
本次展览中的所有绘画作品都出售。
All the pictures in this exhibition are for sale.
Compare :on sale (of goods in shops, etc) offered
for purchase
This camera is now on sale for 19 dollars only.
这种照相机现在廉价出售,只卖十九元。
For Example:
Back
for sale: intended to be sold
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Can you refashion this dress into a skirt?
你能将这件连衣裙改成短裙子吗?
很高兴看到这些又旧又黑的房子正在被改建成现代化的大楼。
It's nice to see these old dark buildings being refashioned into modern ones.
For Example:
refashion into: change into; make into
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Don't exaggerate. I was only two minutes late,
not twenty.
别夸大其词,我只迟到了两分钟,不是20分钟。
他夸大了这事件的重要性。
He exaggerated the importance of the event.
For Example:
Back
exaggerate: v. make (sth.) seem larger, more important,
better or worse than it really is
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
the five-door version of the Ford
五门型的福特汽车
the film version of Romeo and Juliet
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的电影版
对姑娘死因的说法相互矛盾。
There are conflicting versions of the girl's death.
The two drivers gave different versions of the accident.
两个司机对事故的说法不同。
For Example:
version: n.
2) an account of an event, etc. from the point of
view of one person
1) a thing which is based on sth. else but
which has some details that are different
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
This island was named after his discoverer.
该岛以其发现者的名字命名。
这座桥是以那位英雄的名字命名的。
The bridge was named after the hero.
For Example:
Back
name sb./sth. after sb. : give sb./sth. the name of sb. as an
honor
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
He's always putting a wrong interpretation on what I
say.
他总是曲解我的话。
你对这些统计资料如何解释?
What's your interpretation of these statistics?
这位演员对哈姆雷特这个角色的处理手法受到严厉的批评。
The actor's interpretation of Hamlet was severely
criticized.
For Example:
interpretation:
n. 1) an explanation or understanding of sth.
2) making clear or bringing out the meaning
of (a character, music, etc.)
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
decline an invitation to dinner
谢绝吃饭的邀请
他谢绝与新闻记者谈论他的一些丑闻。
He declined to discuss his scandals with the
newsmen.
decline v. say “no” (to); refuse(sth. offered)
For Example:
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
庄严的声明 a solemn statement
a solemn warning 严正的警告
solemn looks 严肃的脸孔
put on a solemn face 板起脸孔
作出郑重的承诺
make a solemn promise
For Example:
Back
solemn: a. 1) done, made, etc. seriously; having a sense
of religious-like importance
2) serious-looking; grave
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
He was looking extremely grave.
他神色极为凝重。
These events could have grave consequences for all of us.
这些事件可能给我们带来严重后果。
He said that the situation in his country was very grave.
他说他的祖国的局势很严峻。
过去他们一般每年给她扫两次墓。
They used to visit her grave twice a year.
For Example:
Back
grave:
a.1) (used about people) sad or serious
2) seriously bad
n. a place where a dead person is buried,
esp. when under the ground and marked by a stone
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
The artist stretched the canvas tightly over the frame.
画家把画布紧紧地绷在画架上。
She stretched out her hand for the dictionary.
她伸手拿字典。
He stretched his arms to relax himself.
小女孩拉长橡皮筋。
He stretched himself out on the beach.
他直躺在海滩上。
长长的白色海滩沿着海岸绵延数英里。
The long white beaches stretch for miles along the coast.
For Example:
Back
stretch: v. 1) make sth. longer, wider or tighter by pulling
2) ~oneself out (on)
3) spread over a large area or distance, extend
go ahead 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
She stretched the rules in favor of herself.
她为了利己目的曲解法规。
恐怕我们不能再接更多工作了,我们现在已经是全力以赴了。
I'm afraid we can't take on any more work — we're already fully stretched.
曲解了法律
stretch a law
曲解某人的原则
stretch one’s principles
For Example:
stretch
3)make (a word, law,etc.) include or cover more
than is strictly right
4)cause to go as far as possible or beyond the limit
短语: stretch oneself to do sth. 全力以赴做某事
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
No doubt he will help us if we ask him.
如果我们请他帮忙,他准会帮助我们。
No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.
很可能他原意是要帮忙,但事实上他净碍事。
我确信我最终会成功。
No doubt I will succeed in the end.
For Example:
Back
no doubt: very probably
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Lots can be done to save their marriage from failure.
有很多办法可以挽救他们的婚姻。
Luckily your precious records were saved from the fire.
幸运的是,你那些珍贵的唱片在火灾中未被损毁。
What can we do to save him from the results of his own foolishness?
我们怎样做才能使他避免他自己的愚蠢所造成的后果呢?
谢谢你,多亏你我才没出洋相。
Thank you; you saved me from making a fool of myself.
For Example:
Back
save … from: 2) prevent sb. or sth. from having or doing sth.
bad
1)preserve sth. or sb. from danger, ruin
rescue from
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
A trip to London ended in tragedy for a local couple when they were involved in a car crash.
本地一对夫妇的伦敦之行发生了悲剧,他们遭遇了车祸。
很多孩子没有毕业就离校,这是很悲哀的事情。
It's a tragedy that so many children leave school without any qualifications.
哈姆雷特是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。
Hamlet is one of four tragedies of Shakespeare.
For Example:
Back
tragedy: n. 1) an event or situation that causes great sadness
2) a serious play that has a sad ending
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
It goes against my nature to get up early in the morning.
早上早起违背了我的本性。
说谎有悖于我的原则。
Lying goes against my principles.
我应当警告你,如果这案子对你不利,你就可能坐牢。
I should warn you that if the case goes against you, you may find yourself in prison.
For Example:
Back
go against: be opposite to; be not in favor of; act against
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
The detective inspected the room for fingerprints.
侦探检查房间寻找指纹。
消防队员正在检查一所废弃仓库的火灾隐患。
The firemen are inspecting an abandoned warehouse for
potential fire hazard.
For Example:
Back
inspect: vt. 1) look at sth. closely or in great detail
Go ahead
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Several government officials came to inspect our factory last week.
几名政府官员上星期来我们工厂视察。
1992年,邓小平视察南方。
President Deng inspected
the south of China in 1992.
For Example:
Back inspect: vt.
2) make an official visit to make sure that rules
are being obeyed, work is being done properly, etc.
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
a temporary contract 临时合同
They signed a three-year contract with a major record
company.
他们与一家大唱片公司签了三年合同。
这家公司刚签了一份给政府提供机器设备的合同。
The company has just won a contract to supply
machinery to the government.
For Example:
contract:
n. a legal document that states and explains a
formal agreement between two different people
or groups
Back
Go ahead
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
他的公司签了合同,为新建大楼提供所有家具。
His firm has been contracted to supply all the furniture for the new building.
这家英国博物馆签了合同,把部分收藏品租给中国的一家博物馆展出。
The British museum is already contracted to lease part of its collection on a museum in China.
他因输血染上了艾滋病。
He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion.
For Example:
contract: v. 1) make a written legal agreement with sb. to do
sth. or to have sb. work for a certain party
2) get an illness or disease
Go ahead
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Metals contract as they cool.
金属遇冷收缩。
"I'm" is the contracted form of "I am".
I‘m是I am的缩写形式。
当心脏收缩时,血液才被泵出心脏。
Blood is only expelled from the heart when it contracts.
For Example:
contract: 3) become or make sth. smaller or shorter
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Some people still do not believe that man evolved from monkeys.
有些人依然不相信人是由猴子演变而来的。
这位画家对形状和色彩的见解源于早期一位艺术家的作品。
The painter's ideas about form and color evolved out of the work of an earlier artist.
For Example:
Back
evolve from: (also evolve out of) develop in gradual stages from sth. different
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Structure Analysis
The passage is about five famous symbols of
American culture, telling readers their
historical backgrounds, origins and relevant
stories.
Main idea of the text ?
Devices for developing it?
Back
标题法 时间法
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Five headings are used in this passage
to put the whole text into five distinct
parts, with each heading serving as a
separate topic. And these headings are
derived from the title of the text: Five
Famous Symbols of American Culture.
This device is helpful in making the
text-structure clear.
1. Heading (标题法)
For details
标题法
Back
时间法 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Title
Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 5
Heading 4
Heading 3
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Five
Famous
Symbols of
American
Culture
标题法
The Statue of Liberty
Barbie
American Gothic
The Buffalo Nickel
Uncle Sam
Back
1. Heading (标题法)
时间法
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Of the five parts of the passage, three
(Part I, II and V) are written mostly
following the time sequence.
2. Time sequence (时间法)
时间法
返回
Back
(Refer to Parts I, II and V for details.)
标题法
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Time sequence (时间法)
Main idea ?
Devices for developing it ?
Structure Analysis
For details
Part I (Paras. 1-4)
Part II
Part IV
Part V
Part III
To celebrate US independence and
the France-America alliance, a
French artist created the Statue of
Liberty, with his wife’s arm and his
mother’s face as models for his
creation.
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Typical sentences for the time sequence:
返回
1. In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous project ….(Para. 2)
2. At the same time, he was in love with a woman whom he met in Canada. (Para. 2)
3. …, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his love in 1876. (Para. 2)
4. That same year Bartholdi had assembled the statue’s right arm … (Para. 3)
5. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886. (Para. 4)
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Narration (叙事法)
Main idea ?
Devices for developing it ?
Structure Analysis
For details
Part II (Paras. 5-10)
Part I
Part IV
Part V
Part III
Barbie originated from a German doll and an American girl, Barbara, whose parents founded the Mattel Toy Company and made Barbie popular. Barbara and her brother Ken, the human models of Barbie and her boyfriend, had different opinions on the doll.
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Though the whole part follows the
sequence of time, the device “narration”
stands out in paragraph 7 to tell the
whole story of how Barbie was created. It
deserves your attention that there are no
conjunctions to connect the four
sentences in this paragraph, but still it is
coherent. In the detailed analysis, we’ll see
how the narration is organized. For details
(S1) Barbara Handler was the daughter of
Elliot and Ruth Handler, co-founders of the
Mattel Toy Company. (S2) Ruth came up
with the idea for Barbie…. (S3) The three-
dimensional model for Barbie was a
German doll …. (S4) Mattel refashioned
the doll into a decent, all-American …
version and named it after Barbara, who
was then a teenager.
返回
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Narration (叙事法)
Main idea ?
Devices for developing it ?
Structure Analysis
For details
Part III (Paras. 11-14)
Part I
Part IV
Part V
Part II
Inspired by the Gothic window of
an old farmhouse, Grant Wood
produced American Gothic. It was
the faces of his dentist and sister
in the painting that captured the
world’s attention.
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
In this part, there are two major elements:
Grant Wood and the painting. The story
goes like a camera at work: at the
beginning the focus is pointed at the
painter, and then turned to his work, the
painting; then back to the painter, and
again to the painting. The alternation
goes through the whole part. For details
Para. 12 Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930
with his painting American Gothic, an … The
painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman
standing in front of a farmhouse. He was strongly
influenced… and inspired by the Gothic window of
an old farmhouse, but the faces in his composition
were what captured the world’s attention. Para. 13 Wood liked to paint faces he knew well.
For the grave farmer he used his dentist, a sour-
looking man. For the woman standing alongside
him, the artist chose his sister, Nan. He stretched …,
but …who posed for the portrait.
Para. 14 Nan later remarked the fame… American
Gothic saved her from a very boring life. 返回
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
2. Contrast (对比法)
Main idea ?
Devices for developing it ?
Structure Analysis
For details
Part IV (Paras. 15-18)
Part I
Part III
Part V
Part II
Contrary to the tradition, the image
of a buffalo and three actual
American Indians were used on two
sides of the coin, the Buffalo Nickel,
by a famed artist James Earle Fraser.
1. General-specific description
(总—分法) For details
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
In paragraph 16, the general statement
is given to “a pair of connected
tragedies”.
Para. 17 deals with how to honor one
tragedy — the destruction of “the
American Indians” in the artist’s design.
Para. 18 deals with how to honor
another tragedy — “the destruction of
the buffalo herds” in his design. 返回
“General-specific description” is the major device used in this part to organize the text.
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
The device “contrast” is used in this
part to show the significance and the
uniqueness of the coin. For details
返回
Typical sentences for contrast:
1. Today, American coins honor prominent
figures of the US government – mostly famous
former presidents. But the Buffalo nickel,
produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of
connected tragedies from the settlement of the
American frontier – the destruction of the
buffalo herds and the American Indians.
2. While white people had previously been used
as models for most American coins, famed artist
James Earle Fraser went against tradition by
using three actual American Indians as models
for his creation.
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Main idea ?
Devices for developing it ?
Structure Analysis
Part V (Paras. 19-22)
Part I
Part III
Part IV
Part II
When Sam Wilson was providing
meat to the army in a war, some
explained the initial letters “US” as
Uncle Sam. It became popular later
because of a character in political
cartoons. An artist created its
portrait in army recruiting posters.
Time sequence (时间法) For details
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Typical sentences for the time sequence: 1. Fourteen-year-old Sam Wilson ran away
to … during the American Revolution. (Para. 20)
2. At age 23, he started a meatpacking business …(Para. 20)
3. During a later war in 1812, Wilson gained a position…(Para. 21)
4. After the war, a character called Uncle Sam began appearing …(Para. 22)
5. The most enduring portrait of Uncle Sam was created … in …recruiting posters of World Wars I and II. (Para. 22) 返回
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
1. to work on an
enormous project
2. to be in love with
3. to approve of
4. to be dedicated
5. to come up with an
idea
6. to refashion the doll
into
>>>more
Expressions Patterns for you
to use as models
1. Typical patterns for
reporting sth.
2. Typical patterns for
contrast
3. Typical patterns for
showing one’s
persistence in doing
sth.
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
A. Expressions:
1. to work on an enormous
project
2. to be in love with
3. to approve of
4. to be dedicated
5. to come up with an idea
6. to refashion the doll into
7. the most famous figure
on the planet
8. to rise to fame
9. to capture the world’s
attention
10. to stand alongside
11. there was no doubt
12. to pose for the portrait
13. the fame she gained from
14. to save her from a very
boring life
15. to go against tradition
16. to liberate...from...
17. to earn a reputation for
18. to sign a contract with sb.
19. to be short for
20. to evolve from
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
A. Compatible Expressions
1.设计一个大项目
to work on an enormous project (L. 2)
全世界的科学家正在致力于揭开SARS之谜。
Now you try
Scientists around the
world are working
hard on the mystery
of SARS.
Back
Down Up 陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
2.爱上某人
to be in love with sb. (L. 4)
那些热爱生活的人都乐于去爱人或者被人爱。
Now you try
Those in love with
life are ready to give
or receive love.
Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
3.赞成
to approve of (L. 5)
如果我的计划得不到委员会的批准,我的功夫就都白费了。
Now you try
If my plan isn’t
approved of by the
Committee, all my
work will come to
nothing. Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
4.(自由女神像)在纽约湾北部落成 (the Statue of Liberty) to be dedicated on an
island in Upper New York Bay (L. 11)
那些为国家和人民献身的人将永远活在我们心中。
Now you try
Those who have
dedicated their lives to
their country and
people will live in our
memory for ever. Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
5.想到一个主意
to come up with an idea (L. 19)
幸福是什么?对这个问题人们有各种各样的答案。
Now you try
What is happiness?
People have come up
with various answers
to this question.
Down Up
Back 返回课文
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
6.把这个娃娃改造成······
to refashion the doll into … (L. 23)
这条河流荒芜的两岸已经被改造成一个当地居民休闲娱乐的场所。
Now you try
The deserted banks of the river have been refashioned into a place for the local residents to take rest and leisure.
Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
7.世界上最著名的人物
the most famous…figure on the planet
(L. 30)
世界上最高的山峰—珠穆朗玛峰已经被人类多次登顶。
Now you try
The Everest, the highest mountain on the planet, has been topped by human beings for many times.
Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
8.成名
to rise to fame (L. 35)
面对困难不能打退堂鼓,而要接受挑战。
Now you try
Faced with any difficulty, one should never choose to beat a retreat, but rise to the challenge.
Back
Down Up
返回课文
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
9.令世界瞩目
to capture the world’s attention (L. 39)
哈里波特的故事一进入中国就引起了孩子们极大的兴趣。
Now you try
When introduced into China, the story of Harry Potter immediately captured children’s interest.
Back
Down Up
返回课文
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
10.(站)在······旁边
to stand alongside (L. 41)
我非常喜欢这个女孩,以至于只要和她站在一起我就感到紧张。
Now you try
So strong was my
love for the girl
that whenever I
stood alongside her
I felt nervous.
Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
11.毫无疑问
there was no doubt (that)…(L. 42)
毫无疑问,计算机科学正在全方位改变我们的生活。
Now you try
There is no doubt that
computer science is
changing our life in all
dimensions.
Down Up
Back 返回课文
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
12.摆好姿势······
to pose for the portrait (L. 42)
这位影星人气极旺,经常很合作地摆姿势和影迷合影。
Now you try
The film star is very
popular and she often
cooperatively poses
for a photograph with
her fans.
Down Up
Back 返回课文
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
13. ······带给她名誉
the fame she gained from …(L. 43)
在过去20年中,中国积极参与各种国际事务,赢得了尊重,结交了朋友。
Now you try
From its active involvement in various international affairs, China has gained much respect and many friends in the past 20 years.
Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
14.使她摆脱了一种乏味的生活
to save her from a very boring life (L. 43)
这起事件进一步证实,诚实不仅让他保住了饭碗,还得到了晋升。
Now you try
This incident confirmed
that his honesty not only
saved him from being
dismissed, but got him a
promotion as well. Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
15.反传统而行
to go against tradition (L. 51)
任何有悖自然规律的事情都会遭到大自然的严厉惩罚。
Now you try
Anything that goes
against the law of
nature will receive
severe punishment
from it.
Down Up
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
16.把 ······ 从 ······ 中解放出来
to liberate…from…(L. 59)
二十世纪六、七十年代的女权运动在一定程度上把妇女从家庭中解放了出来。
Now you try
The Women’s Movement in 1960’s and 70’s has liberated them from kitchen and housework to a certain degree.
Down Up
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
17.因为人诚实、工作勤奋而赢得声誉
to earn a reputation for being honest and
hard working (L. 60)
吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。
Now you try
He who has endured
the hardest lot can
earn himself the best
chance to rise above all
others. Down Up
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
18.与某人签订一份合同 to sign a contract with sb. (L. 63)
婚姻是男女之间签订的一份合约,双方都必须忠实地履行它。
Now you try
Marriage is a contract signed between a man and a woman, which must be faithfully fulfilled.
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
19.是······的缩写
to be short for… (L. 67)
SARS是“重症急性呼吸道综合症”的缩写,但是乐观者把它解释成“微笑,并保持微笑”。
Now you try
SARS is short for ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome’, but optimists interpret it as ‘Smile And Remain Smile’.
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
III. Expressions & Patterns
20.从 ······ 进化而来
to evolve from (L. 70)
2008年奥运会会徽中的人型来自于汉字“京”,指“北京”。
Now you try
The human figure in the
Emblem of 2008 Olympic
Games evolved from the
Chinese character
“Jing”(京), referring to
Beijing.
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原句:It is said that he had used his wife’s
arm as the model, but felt her face was too
beautiful for the statue. (L. 8)
III. Expressions & Patterns
1. Typical patterns for reporting sth.
1) It is said / reported that sb. does (did) sth. /
sth. happens(ed). 据说 / 据报道,某人做(了)某事 / 某事发生(了)。
句型提炼
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据说,他用了妻子的手臂为模本,但又觉得她的脸太漂亮,不适合做神像。
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
应用: a. 据说,埃及的金字塔是外星人建造的。
It is said that the pyramids in Egypt were constructed by ET (extraterrestrials).
III. Expressions & Patterns
应用: b. 据报道,在理想的状况下人可以活到150岁。
It is reported that man is able to live up to
150 years under ideal conditions.
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
2) According to sb. / a report / a story / a
survey / a legend, sth. happened/sb. did sth.
据某人说/据报道/传说 / 据调查/传说,
发生了某事 / 某人做过某事。
原句: According to one story, when a
government official visited the plant and asked
about the letters, a creative employee told him
“US” was short for “Uncle Sam” Wilson. (L. 65)
句型提炼
III. Expressions & Patterns
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传说有一回,有个政府官员来参观加工厂,问及这些字母的含义,一个想像丰富的雇员告诉他,“US”是“山姆大叔”威尔逊的缩写。
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
应用:a. 关于宇宙的诞生问题,在不同的文化中有不同的说法。有一种说法是,宇宙是上帝创造的。
For the birth of the universe, there are different versions in different cultures. According to one story, it was created by God.
III. Expressions & Patterns
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
应用:b. 据白金汉宫的消息说,女王对那些
有关皇室的传闻感到很难过。
The Queen was very
distressed at those
rumors about the royal
family, according to
sources in Buckingham
Palace.
III. Expressions & Patterns
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Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
原句:While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation. (L. 50)
III. Expressions & Patterns
2. Typical patterns for contrast:
While people tend to do sth., someone goes against tradition / conventionality by doing something else. 尽管人们习惯于做某事,另有人却反传统/常规而行之,做了别的事。
句型提炼
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尽管此前一直是白人被用作美国硬币上的模特,而著名艺术家詹姆斯 厄尔 弗雷泽却反传统而行之,启用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己创作的原型。
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
应用:几乎所有的花儿都在春天开,但是梅花却违背常规在深冬绽放,它因不畏严寒而赢得盛誉。
III. Expressions & Patterns
Up
While almost all flowers come into blossom in spring, the plums go against the conventionality by flowering in deep winter, thus earning a reputation for being fearless of severe cold.
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原句:His mother could not approve of her son’s affection for a woman she had never met, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his love in 1876. (L. 5)
III. Expressions & Patterns
3. Typical patterns for showing one’s persistence
in doing sth.
Some people object to/are opposed to/put obstacles in the way of/don’t approve of sb.’s doing sth., but sb. goes ahead and …
一些人反对/阻拦/不同意某人做某事,但某人不为所动,仍······
句型提炼
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他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱,然而巴托尔迪不为所动,依然和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
应用:a. 在十九世纪五十年代,包括一些自然
学家在内的许多人反对达尔文对物种进化的
探索,然而达尔文不为所动,仍于1859年11
月24日出版了他的巨著《物种起源》。
III. Expressions & Patterns
Up
In 1850s, many people, including some
naturalists, objected to Darwin’s exploration of
the evolution of species, but he went ahead and
on November 24, 1859 published his great
work The Origin of Species.
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应用:b. 爱因斯坦的母亲极力反对他爱上
了一个他全家非常不喜欢的女孩,但爱因
斯坦不为所动,毅然和他心爱的人于1903
年1月结为伉俪。
III. Expressions & Patterns
Up
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Einstein’s mother was bitterly opposed to
his love with a girl his whole family had a
strong dislike for, but he went ahead and
married his love in January 1903.
Home
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
19世纪70年代中期,法国艺术家弗里德里克奥古斯特巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目,名为“自由照耀世界”。这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。
1. In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic
Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous
project called Liberty Enlightening the World, a
monument celebrating US independence and the
France-America alliance.
V. Exercises—Translation
XI. Translate the following into Chinese.
《读写教程 III》: Ex. XI, p. 103
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马特尔公司将这个娃娃作了一番改造,变成
了体面而地道的美国货,尽管胸围有些夸张。
它名从当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉。
2. Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-
American — although with an exaggerated
breast size — version and named it after
Barbara, who was then a teenager.
V. Exercises--Translation
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如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了,她拒绝接受采访,
但据说非常喜欢芭比。她可能是当今世上真
名实姓不为人知的最著名的人物。
3. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara —
who declines interviews but is said to have
loved the doll — may be the most famous
unknown figure on the planet.
V. Exercises--Translation
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1930年,格兰特 伍德因其画作《美国哥特
式》一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严
的自豪,常常被人临摹。
4. Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930
with his painting American Gothic, an often-
copied interpretation of the solemn pride of
American farmers.
V. Exercises--Translation
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他深受中世纪艺术的影响,他的灵感来自于
一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户,但最令世人注
目的是画中人物的脸。
5. He was strongly influenced by medieval
artists and inspired by the Gothic window of
an old farmhouse, but the faces in his
composition were what captured the world’s
attention.
V. Exercises--Translation
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但1913至1938年间发行的野牛硬币,却是
为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相互关联
的悲剧——野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人
的毁灭。
6. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to
1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies
from the settlement of the American frontier
— the destruction of the buffalo herds and the
American Indians.
V. Exercises--Translation
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尽管此前一直是白人被用作美国硬币上的
模特,而著名艺术家詹姆斯 厄尔 弗雷泽
却反传统而行之,启用了三名真正的美洲
印第安人作为自己创作的原型。
7. While white people had previously been used
as models for most American coins, famed
artist James Earle Fraser went against
tradition by using three actual American
Indians as models for his creation.
V. Exercises--Translation
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战后,政治漫画里开始出现了一个名叫
“山姆大叔”的人物。他的原型是一个早
期漫画人物名叫乔纳森大哥,此人在美国
独立战争时期非常出名。
8. After the war, a character called Uncle Sam
began appearing in political cartoons, his
form evolving from an earlier cartoon
character called Brother Jonathan that was
popular during the American Revolution.
V. Exercises--Translation
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Ⅵ. Writing
(分析建议类)
写作模式
参考范文
How to Do Something
1. 某一事物的现状
2. 分析该事物的重要性(或危害性/社会意义等)
3. 怎样对待该事物
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Ⅵ. Writing
(划线部分可替换) Down Up
写作模式(分析建议类)
1) Much to our distress / delight /
surprise, these years have seen the
popularity / worsening / much improvement
/ a widespread neglect of sth. (议论的主题)
in society. 2) According to a recent / official
report / survey / opinion poll, ...(佐证陈述)
3) If this current is allowed to run its course,
things are bound to turn for the better /
worse. (Para. 1)
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Ⅵ. Writing
(划线部分可替换)
Down Up
4) The importance / harmfulness /
significance of sth. to sb. / sth. else,
(however), can be seen from the
perspectives as follows. 5) In the first
place, …(分析I)6) In the second, ... (分析II) 7) And above all, …(分析III) 8)
To sum up, ... (归纳总结)
(Para. 2)
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Ⅵ. Writing
(划线部分可替换)
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9) So the most pressing for us / basic
problem now is how to… 10) In my
opinion, the first step should be focused
upon …(建议I) 11) Then, greater
efforts must be made to ... (建议II) 12)
In one word, where there is …, there
is …(结论句) (Para. 3)
Back
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
Ⅵ. Writing
How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of Today
1. 我国爱国主义教育的现状。
2. 分析爱国主义教育的重要意义。
3. 如何在青少年中开展爱国主义教育?
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
1) Much to our distress, these years have
seen a widespread neglect of patriotic
education in our society. 2) According to some
official reports, many patriotic education
centers have been closed down or kept open to
the public for other more profitable purposes
while many of our national heroes have given
way to today’s pop stars in youths’ minds. 3) If
this current is allowed to run its course, I am
afraid, things are bound to turn for the worse,
with less and less sense of patriotism left in the
youth.
Ⅵ. Writing
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
4) The significance of patriotic education
to our society, however, can be seen from
the perspectives as follows. 5) In the first
place, the patriotic education can make
youth more aware of the glorious history
and culture of our nation, thus building up
their sense of pride as Chinese. 6) In the
second, the patriotic education helps youth
value today’s hard-earned life so as to hold
Ⅵ. Writing
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
dearer their golden chances of enriching
themselves with knowledge in peace. 7) And
above all, the patriotic education can push
youth to draw upon more of their capabilities
in order to make tomorrow’s life better than
today’s and leave behind themselves more
highlights for the nation’s culture. 8) To sum
up, patriotic education is a key ingredient in
the all-round development of youth.
Ⅵ. Writing
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
9) So the most pressing for us now is how to
effectively inculcate patriotism in the youth of
today. 10) In my opinion, the first step should be
focused upon giving fuller play to the potentials of
patriotic education centers instead of running
them for the purpose of making money. 11) Then,
greater efforts must be made to integrate the
patriotic education into the curriculums
throughout youth’s education. 12) In one word,
where there is an effective patriotic education of
youth, there is a greater enhancement of national
cohesiveness.
Ⅵ. Writing
Up THE END
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
自由女神像 19世纪70年代中期,法国艺术家弗里德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目,名为"自由照耀世界"。这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。 与此同时,他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。 他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱,然而巴托尔迪不为所动,毅然和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
美国文化的五大象征
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
同年,巴托尔迪组装完神像的右臂和火炬,并将它们陈列在费城。 据说,他用了妻子的手臂为模本,但又觉得她的脸太漂亮,不适合做神像。
他需要这样的一个女人:脸带沧桑却不失坚定,严肃之色多于艳丽。 他选择了自己的母亲。 1886年,自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。
神像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材,可是巴托尔迪却把它称为"我的女儿,自由之神"。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
芭比娃娃 在现今各式各样的芭比娃娃出售之前,原只有一种芭比娃娃。 实际上,她的名字叫芭芭拉。 芭芭拉·汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特·汉德勒和鲁思·汉德勒夫妇的女儿。 鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。 芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃,一个哄成年人开心的礼物,被描绘成具有"风尘女子"的模样。 马特尔公司将这个娃娃作了一番改造,变成了体面而地道的美国货,尽管胸围有些夸张。它名从当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
自从1959年面世之后,芭比娃娃成了全球公认的“娃娃女王”。 马特尔公司说,一般的美国女孩拥有10个芭比娃娃,全球每秒钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。 如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了,她拒绝接受采访,但据说非常喜欢芭比。她可能是当今世上真名实姓不为人知的最著名的人物。 1961年,芭比的男朋友面世,名从芭芭拉的弟弟肯。 真正的肯于1994年去世。他对令自己全家名扬天下的娃娃极为厌恶。 他在1993年说,"我可不想让我的孩子玩这洋娃娃。"
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
《美国哥特式》 1930年,格兰特·伍德因其画作《美国哥特式》一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪,常常被人临摹。 画面展示了一男一女,男子神色严肃,和一位女子立在农舍之前。 伍德深受中世纪艺术家的影响,他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户,但最令世界注目的是画中人物的脸。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
伍德喜欢画他熟悉的脸。 为画神色严肃的农夫,他选择了他那表情木讷的牙医,至于站在他身边的农妇,他选择了自己的姐姐南。 他把模特的脖子稍稍画长了一些,但无疑能看出谁是画像的原型。 南后来说道,《美国哥特式》带给她的名誉使她摆脱了一种非常乏味的生活。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
野牛镍币 今天,美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府的杰出人物,其中大部分是著名的前总统。 但1913至1938年间发行的野牛硬币,却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相互关联的悲剧--野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。 此前一直是白人被用作美国硬币上的模特,而著名的艺术家詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽却反传统而行之,起用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己创作的原型。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
由于大草原上不再有野牛漫步,弗雷泽为了镍币另一面上的野牛,只好到纽约中央公园的动物园里素描一只老野牛。 两年后,即1915年,此牛以100美元的价格出售,然后被宰杀取肉、剥皮,牛角制成了墙上的装饰品。 山姆大叔 美国独立战争时期,14岁的山姆·威尔逊离家出走,加入父亲和哥哥们的行列,为美国殖民地独立于英国而战。 23岁时,他开始从事肉类加工业,并因为人诚实、工作勤奋而赢得声誉。
返回课文 Intensive Reading
陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
此后在1812年的战争中,威尔逊获得了一个职位,为美国军队检验肉食。他的合伙人和美国政府签定了一份合同,给军队提供肉食。 送到军队的肉桶上面都印有EA-US的标志,EA代表公司名,US代表原产国。 传说有一回,有个政府官员来参观加工厂,问及这些字母的含义,一个想像丰富的雇员告诉他,"US"是"山姆大叔"威尔逊的缩写。 很快,士兵们都说所有的军需都是来自"山姆大叔"。
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
战后,政治漫画里开始出现了一个名叫"山姆大叔"的人物。他的原型是一个早期漫画人物,名叫乔纳森大哥,此人在美国独立战争时期非常出名。 很快,山姆大叔就取代了乔纳森大哥,成了最受美国人欢迎的象征。 最令人难忘的山姆大叔的画像,是由画家詹姆斯·蒙哥马利·弗拉格创作的,他在两次世界大战期间画了很多著名的征兵招贴画。 山姆大叔的形象是:高个子,白头发,下巴上有一小撮白胡子,身着深蓝色外套,头戴一顶高帽,上有星星点缀。这模样其实就是弗拉格的自画像。
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
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陕西国际商贸学院基础课部外语系
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