Bangladesh Context. National Socio-political environment Bangladesh has a multiparty parliamentary...
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- Slide 1
- Bangladesh Context
- Slide 2
- National Socio-political environment Bangladesh has a
multiparty parliamentary democracy with two major political
parties, with a presidential head of state. Parliamentary elections
are held every 5 years. The local government system is weak. There
is a pluralistic and free print media.
- Slide 3
- National Socio-political environment The state-owned and
controlled broadcast media environment is undergoing change with
the advent of several privately owned television channels under a
government licensing system. Strong national NGOs have significant
socio- economic influence.
- Slide 4
- Political Parties Political parties are imperative in a
democratic system. A modern democratic government system is
primarily the rule of a political party. A government formed
through people's vote is a democratic government. Without political
parties, it is not possible to form this democratic
government.
- Slide 5
- Political Parties A political party is that part of a country's
populace which is organized to resolve the national problems on the
basis of an ideology or some principles or program. The main goal
of a political party is to run the country according to its
principles and ideals and to implement election commitments.
- Slide 6
- Political Parties A political party works in the interests of
every one irrespective of all religions, race, men, women, class
and profession. One of the characteristic of a democratic system is
the presence of an ideology and program- based political parties.
There are some countries in the world where political parties do
not exist.
- Slide 7
- Political Parties For example, no party exists in Saudi Arabia.
There all political decisions are taken by the King's family and
its council. Again, in some places laws have been formulated to ban
political parties. Like in Uganda in African continent, all
political parties were banned by the government until 2005
- Slide 8
- Characteristics of a political party Organized group of people
Gaining power Clearly defined ideals and program Institutional
framework and leadership Election-related activities
- Slide 9
- Role of a political party Creating leadership Formation of
government Creating public opinion Political education Constructive
opposition Establishment of social unity
- Slide 10
- The main political parties of Bangladesh The party system of a
country does not only explain the presence of political parties in
that country. Rather, party system refers to the number, structure,
theirs relation with government etc.
- Slide 11
- The main political parties of Bangladesh According to the
country's constitution, every citizen has the right to express his
opinion freely and form organization or association. As a
reflection of this, we can see the existence of multi-party system
in Bangladesh.
- Slide 12
- The main political parties of Bangladesh Presently, there are
many political parties in Bangladesh. Noteworthy among these are:
Awami League, Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Jatiya Party
(JP), Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD), Worker's Party of Bangladesh,
Jamaat- E- Islami.
- Slide 13
- The main political parties of Bangladesh - - ( . )
- Slide 14
- The main political parties of Bangladesh - . . -
- Slide 15
- The main political parties of Bangladesh - -
- Slide 16
- The main political parties of Bangladesh -
- Slide 17
- The main political parties of Bangladesh
- Slide 18
- The main political parties of Bangladesh - ( ) -
- Slide 19
- Policy Directions from the Major Political Parties On the eve
of the revival of democratic practice in Bangladesh, in the 90s, a
sincere commitment for age-care programmes was observed in the
election manifestos of different major national political parties.
It was a historical political victory for the older people of
Bangladesh through a great political consensus.
- Slide 20
- Policy Directions from the Major Political Parties During the
National Election in 1996, 2001 and 2008 in Bangladesh, the major
political parties of the country mentioned the importance of old
age health care and welfare commitment for the aged people in their
Election Manifesto.
- Slide 21
- Bangladesh Awami League Awami League is the oldest and largest
party. The Party was formed in Dhaka under the name Awami Muslin
League on June 23, 1949. Later, to make it more acceptable to all,
the word 'Muslim' was omitted from the label of the party in 1955.
Bengali nationalism, democracy, secularism and creation of an
exploitation free society are the main principles of Awami
League.
- Slide 22
- Bangladesh Awami League The Party secured majority seats in the
1970 General Elections in Pakistan under the leadership of father
of the nation Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The 1971 War of
Liberation was fought under the leadership of the Awami League.
Through this war, an independent, sovereign Bangladesh was
born.
- Slide 23
- Bangladesh Awami League The Sheikh Hasina Government
(1996-2001) for its part introduced Old-age Allowance Programme
from the revenue budget in 1998 to subsidies the poor and
vulnerable older persons. For the first time the Bangladesh
government officially recognised state obligation in supporting the
helpless older persons of the country.
- Slide 24
- Bangladesh Awami League Accordingly, in 1998, the government,
through the Ministry of Social Welfare, made arrangements to
identify and select the poor and older section of the older people
(aged 65+) in rural areas to distribute 100 BDT (around US $ 2.00)
for each person per month keeping a 50:50 gender balance. At one
stage this programme started to cover some urban poor older persons
as well.
- Slide 25
- Bangladesh Awami League Bangladesh Awami League, the winning
political party of the National Election in 2008 promised to double
the number of old age allowance and distressed women allowance
beneficiaries (Election Manifesto of Bangladesh Awami League,
2008).
- Slide 26
- Bangladesh Awami League Election Manifesto of Bangladesh Awami
League, 2014 Social Safety Net programmes would be strengthened
while free distribution of food and allowances for poor, widows and
age-old people would continue. 6.1: Social security: Old age
allowance; allowance for the destitute, widowed and abandoned women
will be continue.
- Slide 27
- Bangladesh Awami League 6.2:Introduce pension system: Pension
system in the non-government organization will be initiated by the
2018; and by the 2021, national pension system will be finalized
for ensuring social security for all citizens.
- Slide 28
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party Bangladesh Nationalist Party is
another large political party. General Ziaur Rahman founded the
Party on September 1,1978. The ideals or principles of the
Bangladesh Nationalist Party are - belief in islamic values,
bangladeshi nationalism, democracy and free market economy.
- Slide 29
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party Following this result, the Khaleda
Zia Government (1991-1996) disbursed 90 million BDT through
Bangladesh Association for the Aged and Institute of Geriatric
Medicine (BAAIGM) to construct a geriatric hospital and an old home
in Dhaka as well as five geriatric clinics in the five divisional
headquarters in the country. Fortunately, this allocation was used
properly and in time.
- Slide 30
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party Bangladesh Nationalist Party, the
immediate past ruling and the major opposition party also promised
to increase the amount of the allowance for the poor elderly
people.
- Slide 31
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party They also promised to pass the
proposed National Policy on Ageing from the highest body of the
government and bringing peace, status and security to about 10
million elderly people of the country (Election Manifesto 2008,
Bangladesh Nationalist Party, 2008).
- Slide 32
- Jatiya Party Jatiya Party is the country's third largest Party.
This Party was founded on 1st. January 1986 under the leadership of
General Hossain Mohammad Ershad. In the written proclamation of
Jatiya Party : 1.Independence and sovereignty, 2) Islamic Ideals
and freedom of all religions,
- Slide 33
- Jatiya Party 3) Bangladeshi Nationalism, 4) Democracy and 5)
Social progress, that is, economic emancipation - these five have
been adopted as the Party's ideals.
- Slide 34
- Jatiya Party The Jatiya Party has released its manifesto for
the 10th parliamentary election ending speculation about the partys
participation in the general election(02.01.2014) The party has
eight pledges the first being upholding of Islamic values.
- Slide 35
- Jatiya Party "The main objective of JP is to maintain the
continuation of the Constitution of the country, JP presidium
member Barrister Anisul Islam Mahmud
- Slide 36
- Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami is a religion- based
political party. This party was formed in 1941 in British India
under the leadership of Maulana Abul Ala Maududi. It was named
Jamaate- Islami Hind at that time. After the establishment of
Pakistan, it was named Jamaat-e- Islami Pakistan. In May 1979,
Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh emerged in independent Bangladesh.
Currently, the party is known as Bangladesh Jammat-e-Islami.
- Slide 37
- Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD) On 31 October 1972, Jatiya
Samajtantrik Dal (JSD) was established in independent Bangladesh.
JSD believes in socialist ideology.
- Slide 38
- Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD) General Secretary Sharif Nurul
Ambiya read out the document at the partys Bangabandhu Avenue
office. The manifesto stated that the party aimed at the
strengthening of the constitutional and democratic processes.
- Slide 39
- Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD) JSD, a component of the Awami
League-led Grand Alliance, said it would take steps to form a
government along with other secular and democratic forces if the
party candidates won the election. It would work to protect the
interest of the underprivileged and religious and ethnic
minorities, local entrepreneurs, professionals, labourers and
farmers, the manifesto said.
- Slide 40
- Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD) The party would also try to
convince the government to formulate policies for people's welfare.
It would strive to work for the execution of the 1971 war crimes
verdicts, curbing militancy and destroying its
network(01.01.2014)
- Slide 41
- Communist Party of Bangladesh (CPB) Bangladesh Communist Party
was formed in the name of the Communist Party of India and
Pakistan. Comrade Moni Singh (died 1990), who was the pioneer of
the Communist movement in this country was the central leader of
the Communist Party.
- Slide 42
- Communist Party of Bangladesh (CPB The Communist Party of
Bangladesh (CPB) today(01.01.2014) announced it would boycott the
10th parliamentary election slated for January 5.
- Slide 43
- Communist Party of Bangladesh (CPB Without consensus among
political parties regarding the polls-time government, no election
can be acceptable. For this reason, we will not participate in the
election, CPB President Mujahidul Islam Selim said at a press
briefing in the capital.
- Slide 44
- BangladeshWorkers Party Some factions of the frequently divided
pro - Chinese Communists united together to form Bangladesh Workers
Party. This Party came into existence in 1980.
- Slide 45
- BangladeshWorkers Party The Workers Party (WP) of Bangladesh, a
component in the Awami League-led grand alliance, has announced its
24-point election manifesto, focusing on the establishment of a
non-communal and democratic Bangladesh. The election pledges
include achieving of food security, reducing prices of the
essential commodities, eradication of poverty, controlling
communalism and militancy, agricultural reforms, land reform,
- Slide 46
- BangladeshWorkers Party developments of industry, workers,
controlling imperialist aggressions, controlling corruptions,
extortions and strengthening the Election Commission for holding
the elections under constitution.
- Slide 47
- Government initiative The then British Government introduced
retirement pension system for those who retired from government
service at the age of 57 years under the Indian Retirement Pension
Benefit Act of 1925. There was no government-specific initiative to
benefit the older people during the Pakistan period, there was only
a retirement pension system.
- Slide 48
- Government initiative The following is the list of this
programme advancement: As a member country of the First World
Assembly on Ageing, organised by the UN in 1982 in Vienna, Austria
and the Second World Assembly on Ageing, organised by UN in 2002 in
Madrid, Spain and as a signatory to VIPAA and MIPAA,
- Slide 49
- Government initiative the Bangladesh government has constituted
a National Committee on Ageing. The Ministry of Social Welfare has
finalised the National Policy on Older Persons, which is approved
by the cabinet for gazette notification.