View
75
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Asserting Carbon Offsets from Landfill Gas Flaring at Regina’s
Landfill SitePresented at CPANS Lunch Meeting
Calgary, Alberta
November 17, 2010
By: Paresh Thanawala, P.Eng; QEP
Objectives
• Explain LFG Collection & Flaring Project• Other LFG Experience• Regulatory Aspects of Credits/Offsets• Validation/Verification Steps• Emission Assertion – Approach• Conclusion
Fleet Street Landfill
PROJECT SCOPEPhase 1 (North Hill) Main
Components:• 27 vertical gas wells• Gas collection headers• Condensate removal sump and
tank• Blower building• Instrumentation and Control
Room• Flare header, flame arrestor
and candlestick flare
System Commissioned in July 2008
Gas Wells & Collection System
Flare & Blower Building
Typical Quantity and Quality
• 250 – 350 acfm• HHV 16 – 18 MJ/m3
• Up to 1.5 MW potential
Compound Mol %CH4 50CO2 40N2 9O2 0.5H2O TraceH2S TraceSiloxanes Trace
LFG UTILIZATION IN CANADA
Number of Sites Surveyed by Environment Canada, January Number of Sites Surveyed by Environment Canada, January 20092009
Year Utilization (U) Flaring (F) U & F
2006 26 44 122007 29 50 15
Year Power (P) Heating (H) CPH
2006 17 9 0
2007 17 10 2
Number of Landfills Capturing LFG in Canada
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007
Year
Lan
dfill
Experience of Selected LandfillsWestern Canada
Vancouver Cogeneration (Electricity + Waste heat). 4 x 1.7 MW Cat Engines. Waste heat for greenhouse heating
Prince George Gas recovery system. No power or heat recovery
Kelowna (Glenmore) Generate electricity (kW TBC) + Waste heat utilization. Micro-turbines. Export power
Victoria 1.6 MW Cat engine
Edmonton (Clover Bar) 3 x 1.6 MW Cat engines
Calgary (Shepard) Gas recovery/clean up - 400 kW engine
Calgary East 70 kW micro-turbine. Expand to install 1 -2 MW engines
Brandon, MB Open flare. MB to buy LFG credits. Discussing “design – build – operate – finance” scheme for LFG energy use with IGR
Carbon CreditsValue of GHG emission reduction as carbon dioxide equivalent (COValue of GHG emission reduction as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO22E) in tonnesE) in tonnes
GHG CO2 CH4 N2OGWP 1 21 310CO2E 1*CO2 + 21*CH4 + 310*N2O
CER Certified emission reductions, CDM, Kyoto
ERU Emission reduction unit, JI, Kyoto
VER Verified emission reductions, Voluntary
Regulatory FrameworkFramework Key Highlights Website
Federal
Draft Offset System Documents (summer 2009). Finalization delayed – awaiting US directive. Administer under CEPA. Must achieve real, incremental, quantifiable, verifiable and unique reductions of greenhouse gases
http://www.ec.gc.ca/creditscompensatoires-offsets/default.asp?lang=En&n=92CA76F4-1
SK
LFG not regulated and hence eligible. Bill 126. Target 20% reduction by 2020. Registry for offsets. Adopt/merge with AB. Reduction Targets for regulated emitters. Climate R&D Corp. Expect regulated frame work in place by 2010
http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/FirstRead/2009/Bill-126.pdf
BCBill 18 - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Cap & Trade Act 2008. Partner with WCI. Registry, trading, verification as of 2010. Compliance unit tracking system
http://www.leg.bc.ca/38th4th/3rd_read/gov18-3.htm
ABClimate Change Central. Offset registry in place. Trade within AB only. LFE > 100,000 t CO2E to meet targets or pay to carbon fund. Quantification protocols in place and under development.
http://carbonoffsetsolutions.climatechangecentral.com/
MB Bill 15 - the climate change and Emissions Reduction Act. MB will buy out credits from LFG operators. http://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/39-2/b015e.php
Western Climate Initiative
Launched Cap & Trade Program in 2008. Partners are: Arizona, California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington, Manitoba, BC, ON and Quebec. AB and SK oppose the scheme (cash grab)
http://www.westernclimateinitiative.org/
Montreal Carbon Exchange (MCeX)
Created in 2006. CO2E futures contracts. Joint venture between CCX and MCeX.
www.m-x.ca
Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX)
Voluntary Cap & Trade System. Sell surplus allowances or purchase carbon financial instrument (CFI) http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/content.jsf?id=821
Project Validation• Eligibility [real, additional, quantifiable, verifiable,
unique]• Description/Quantification methods• Assertion [relevance, completeness, consistency,
accuracy, transparency, conservativeness]• Monitoring• Document so 3rd party can verify• Follow ISO 14064(3)Generally occurs once, before registration
Verification• Systematic, independent and documented
process to confirm assertion of credits• Reasonable (high level) or limited (low level)
assurance• Occurs after emission reductions have occurred• Usually once a year• Validated project/documentation must be in place• 3rd party, knowledgeable of industry, no conflict• Follow ISO 14064 (3) guidance
Project Registration• After project is validated• SK or Federal System• “License” for creating carbon credits• Can occur as part of verification
Project Proponent
Validates the project. Applies to the Project Authority toregister GHG reduction report
REGISTRATION OF PROJECT
Project Authority
Project Proponent
Verifier
Project Authority
REPORTING & VERIFICATION OF REDUCTIONS
ISSUANCE OF OFFSET CREDITS
Reviews the project and registers the ProjectDocument
Implements the Project
Asserts/reports the GHG reductions in the Reduction/Removal Report
Engages verifier to verify the assertion/claim
Conducts verification
Issues instructions to deposit offset credits inaccount in the tracking system
Certifies all conditions for credit issuance have been satisfied
Submits Verification Report to Project Authority
Schematic of Flare & Monitoring System
Data Management
Asserting LFG Offsets• CO2E Offsets = CO2E Baseline – CO2E Project • CO2E Offsets = 21(mass of methane in LFG that is destroyed in the flare) • MR = (QLFG)(CCH4)( t)(ρCH4)( η)(1 tonne/1,000 kg) )/(35.31 ft3/m3)
MR = Mass of methane reductions (tonnes CH4/day)QLFG = Average flow of LFG collected (sft3/min) @ 1 atmosphere and 0 °CCCH4 = Mol fraction of CH4 in LFGt = Net operational period (min/day)ρCH4 = Density of methane (kg/m3) = 0.7174 @ 1 atmosphere and 0 °Cη = Methane destruction efficiency of flare (80%)
Calculated Offsets: 2008 15,582 t CO2E2009 21,829 t CO2E
About DRE and CEDestruction & Removal η (DRE)
DRE = 100* (Wt. of Compound in –Wt. of Compound Out)/(Wt. of Compound in)
DRE indicates how well a specific compound is destroyed during combustion
_______________________________________________________________
Combustion η = 100* (Mass Rate of Carbon in fuel converted to CO2)/(Mass Rate of Carbon in Fuel)
CE is a measure of how much carbon is converted to CO2
Flare Testing: DRE of CH4
CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
•Grab samples at various points •Testing by Maxxam Analytics, Nov, 2009•Follow Alberta Stack Sampling Code/•US EPA Methods
Impact of Wind on Flare Efficiency
Ref: Efficiency Measurements of Flares in a Cross Flow, by M.R. Johnson, O. Zastavniuk, D.J. Wilson and L.W. Kostiuk, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Presented at Combustion Canada 1999, Calgary Alberta, May 26, 1999
DRE of Methane
• Flare gas testing in November 2009 indicated average DRE of 86%. • Flame color – blue or colorless (mostly)• HHV ~ 16 MJ/m3 indicating good combustion• Flare velocity and design comply with 40 CFR60.18 which recommends a
minimum DRE of 93% (for compliant flares)• Auto pilot ignition• KO Pot to remove water. No free liquids or hydrocarbons carried to the
flare – which may impair combustion• Wind guard to minimize wind impacts and loss of DRE• O/M procedures in place• 3% reduction allowed due to possible wind impacts• Additional 3% reduction allowed to add conservativeness• 80% DRE assumed for offsets calculations
Anticipated Price of Carbon• AB – Trades between $12/t - $15/t • SK – Expect AB trend. +$15/t anticipated (once
offset framework in place)• BC – Pacific Carbon Trust proposed to buy @
$25/t• FED – LFE to comply if cost of reduction < $15/t• CCX – $0.15/t• MCEx – $2.00 settlement price for March 2011
contract• Voluntary – ($3/t - $8/t)
Conclusion• Carbon offsets from flaring of LFG at the Regina
landfill are eligible for registration and trading• Emission offsets verified to “reasonable level of
assurance” by ICF International• Awaiting SK regulations and registry to be
finalized• 30,000 t CO2E offered for sell• Carbon trading prices expected around ~ $15/t or
more
Recommended