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Ballet
What is Ballet• an artistic dance form
performed to music using precise and highly formalized set steps and gestures.
• Ballet Can: – tell a story or– express a thought or
emotion. – magical, exciting,
provoking or disturbing.
History of Ballet Italian Courts in the Renasissance, 15th &
16TH Century Noblemen and women were treated to
lavish events (weddings) Early ballet was participatory Attire was fashion from the time period
Formal Gowns that covered legs and ankles
In the 16th century, Catherine de Medici, an Italian noblewoman/interest in Arts wife of King Henry II of France began to fund ballet in the French
court Her elaborate festivals = growth of
ballet de cour, a program that included dance, decor, costume, song, music and poetry
History of Ballet 17th Century ballet developed as
performance-focused art under King Louis XIV
French Ballet Terminology
Pierre Beauchamp, codified the 5 positions of feet
and arms, Kings personal dance teacher director of the Dance company
Jean-baptiste Lully, violinist, dancer, Choreographer, and composer…….would cast the king
1661, Louis XIV founded Academie Royale de Danse, First Ballet Company
History of Ballet Popularity throughout Europe Professional Ballet Troupes toured
Europe 18th Century advanced in technical
standards and it became a serious art form on par with opera
Express character & assist in the narrative Jean-Georges Noverre Wanted masks removed and
costumes to show off dancers figures, bring life to the images
Composition was reformed• Venice was center of dance in
Europe• Italian Ballet Techniques remained
dominant until Russia techniques supplanted them in early 20th Century
19th Century• Ballerina most popular
dancer in Europe• Ballet hero's often played
by a woman• Shift in social change, new
techniques such as pointe work that gave the ballerina prominence on the stage
• Ballet Boxed toe shoe invented to support pointe work
• Genevieve Gosselin, Marie Taglioni, and Fanny Elssler…….pointework
Marie Taglioni: 1831 In Zephire et Flore
Early 19th CenturyRomantic Movement
• Classical Ballet during this movement which influenced the art, music, and ballet were known as Romantic Ballets
• Supernatural world of spirits and magic
• Shows women as fragile and passive
• choreographers composed romantic ballets that appeared light, airy and free
• Pointe work, became the norm for the ballerina.
• The romantic tutu, a calf-length, full skirt made of tulle, was introduced.
• Early classical ballets such as Giselle and La Sylphide Created during the romantic movement
Later 19th CenturyRussia & Ballet
• Recognized tradition of ballet• The female dancers'
classical tutu as it is recognized today began – It consisted of a much
shorter, stiff skirt supported by layers of crinoline or tulle
– revealed legwork and difficulty in her movements
• Russian choreographers and composers took it to new heights. – Marius Petipa’s The
Nutcracker, The Sleeping Beauty and Swan Lake, by Petipa and Lev Ivanov, represent classical ballet in its grandest form.
• The main purpose was to display classical technique – (pointe work, high
extensions, precision of movement and turn-out)
• Complicated sequences that show off demanding steps, leaps and turns were choreographed into the story.
20th Century Ballet • Ballet Russes brought Ballet
back to Paris
• Russian choreographers experimented with movement and costume, moving beyond the confines of classical ballet form and story.
• the ballet The Rite of Spring, a work so different (dissonant music, its story of human sacrifice and its unfamiliar movements) it used the audience to riot.
George Balanchine, • a Russian who emigrated to
America, would change ballet• neo-classical ballet, a form
that expands the classical form.
• greatest innovator of the contemporary “plotless” ballet.
Today Ballet is: multi-faceted Classical forms traditional stories and contemporary choreographic
innovations
Types of BalletStory balletstell a story. they contain narrative
action, characters, and a beginning and end.
Examples: The Nutcracker and The
Sleeping Beauty are famous story ballets from the 19th century
Types of Ballet
• PBT company dancers perform in Twyla Tharp’s plotless ballet,
• In the Upper Room, 2010
Plotless ballets no storylineutilize the movement of
the body and theatrical elements to interpret music, create an image or to express or provoke emotion.
Choreographer George Balanchine was a prolific creator of plotless ballets.
Styles of BalletClassical ballet • Oldest and most
formal/traditional style
• originated in Renaissance Italy and established its present form during the 19th century
• Focuses aesthetics and technique– Pointe work, turn-out of
the legs, and high extensions
– Graceful and flowing movements
– Balance & symmetry– Emphasis on story ballets– Elaborate sets and
costumes
Classical BalletsCoppélia,The Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker Swan Lake. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25-5ksjxGg4
Types of BalletNeoclassical Ballet• introduced in the 20th
century • Uses ballet terminology but
less rigid than classical ballet
• increased speed, energy and attack
• manipulation of the classical form
• asymmetry; an off-balance feel
• non-narrative; often one-act ballets
• paired down aesthetic—simple sets and costumes
Neoclassical Ballets Apollo Serenade Cinderella Carmen Romeo and Juliethttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUNQjjbozF8Choreographers: George BalanchineFrederick Ashton
Types of BalletContemporary Ballet• influenced first by classical ballet
then by modern danceyou may see:• floor work• turn-IN of the legs• greater range of movement and
body line• pointe shoes, barefoot, socks, or
anything else the choreographer wants
• Breaks the rules of classical and neoclassical ballet
(no strict body line)
• Mikhail Baryshnikov ( worked with modern dance choreographers)
• Renowned contemporary ballet choreographers include Twyla Tharp, Paul Taylor and Dwight Rhoden. In contemporary ballet
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF2k4RRfBb0
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