View
3
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Darwin International Airport RAAF Base Darwin
AERODROME EMERGENCY PLAN Version 4.2 August 2015
ITEM 2 SERIAL 1
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.2 | Issue Date: August 2015| Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | i
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
ADMINISTRATION
Background
Australia has international obligations as a contracting State to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
The recommended practices for aerodrome planning and procedures are contained in ICAO Annex 14 to the
Convention on Civil Aviation.
The Australian Federal Government has entrusted the enforcement of its obligations to the Civil Aviation Safety
Authority (CASA), the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Airservices Australia (AsA), the
Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) and approved self-regulating organisations.
Darwin International Airport is jointly used with the Department of Defence. Darwin International Airport (DIA) is
responsible for the areas leased from the Commonwealth for Civil Operations and the Department of Defence is
responsible for those areas used exclusively for Military Operations. Those areas of common use are called ‘Jointly
Used Areas’. The formal relationship between the parties is documented in the Joint User Deed (JUD). The
Aerodrome Emergency Plan is to be activated for all civil and military aviation incidents and accidents at the
recommended response levels indicated. Darwin International Airport internal and external agencies will respond
to all aircraft emergencies in accordance with this plan. This AEP is authoritative but requires judgement in its
application.
This Aerodrome Emergency Plan has been prepared by Darwin International Airport as required by the Civil
Aviation Safety Authority and in accordance with CASR 139 Division 139.210 requirements. The Aerodrome
Emergency Plan forms Part 2 Section 2 of Darwin International Airport Operations Manual required under the
terms of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) 139.095. The Manual has been endorsed by the Aerodrome
Emergency Planning Committee.
Although this publication forms part of the Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Operations Manual, it is issued
as a stand-alone document in order to permit its issue to aerodrome emergency planning committee members
without the need for members to have a full Aerodrome Operations Manual document.
This plan is based on each agency, with a statutory responsibility, having in place appropriate supporting Standard
Operating Procedures which deals with that agency’s response in accordance with this plan.
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | ii
Authority
The Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan has been prepared and approved by the Aerodrome
Emergency Planning Committee in accordance with the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 139.095 and under the
Northern Territory Emergency Management Act 2013. It is issued by Darwin International Airport.
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | iii
Contents
ADMINISTRATION ........................................................................................................... i
Background ....................................................................................................................................................... i
Authority .......................................................................................................................................................... ii
Contents ......................................................................................................................................................... iii
Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... ix
Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................................. xiv
Document Control .......................................................................................................................................... xvii
Amendment History ...................................................................................................................................... xviii
Distribution..................................................................................................................................................... xix
Contact List .................................................................................................................................................... xxi
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
1.1. Aim ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Scope................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Legislation ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.4. Incident Scene Safety ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.5. Jurisdiction ........................................................................................................................................... 2
1.6. Protection of Aircraft Wreckage ............................................................................................................. 2
1.7. Area Covered by the Plan ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.8. Classifications ....................................................................................................................................... 2
1.8.1. Local Standby ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.8.2. Full Emergency ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.8.3. Crash on the Airport.................................................................................................................................... 3 1.8.4. Crash Off Airport........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.8.5. Bomb Threat ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1.8.6. Unlawful Interference – Including Hijacking ........................................................................................................ 3 1.8.7. Fire Structural – Airport General ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.8.8. Hazardous Material or Chemical Incident (HAZMAT/HAZCHEM) .................................................................................. 4 1.8.9. Natural Disasters ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.9. Plan Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.9.1. Inner Cordon ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.9.2. Inner Perimeter ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.9.3. Outer Perimeter......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.10. Considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.10.1. Hazardous Materials.................................................................................................................................... 6 1.10.2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ................................................................................................................ 6 1.10.3. Explosive Ordnance .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.10.4. Aircraft Ejection Seats.................................................................................................................................. 6 1.10.5. Aircraft Loaded with EO ............................................................................................................................... 6
SECTION 2 - MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................... 7
2.1. Aerodrome Emergency Planning Committee (AEC) .................................................................................. 7
2.1.1. AEC Membership........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2. Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3. Sub-Committees ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2. Roles and Responsibil ities of Agencies .................................................................................................... 9
2.3. Plan Overview .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1. Need for Aerodrome Emergency Plan ...............................................................................................................12 2.3.2. Agencies Involved .....................................................................................................................................12
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | iv
2.3.3. General .................................................................................................................................................13
2.4. Plan Review........................................................................................................................................ 14
2.4.1. Date of Debrief/Review ...............................................................................................................................14 2.4.2. Representatives........................................................................................................................................14 2.4.3. Aim of Debrief .........................................................................................................................................14 2.4.4. Report...................................................................................................................................................14 2.4.5. Amendments ...........................................................................................................................................14
2.5. Exercises ............................................................................................................................................ 14
2.5.1. Aim ......................................................................................................................................................14 2.5.2. Evaluators ..............................................................................................................................................14 2.5.3. Observers...............................................................................................................................................14 2.5.4. Planning of Exercises..................................................................................................................................14 2.5.5. Frequency ..............................................................................................................................................15 2.5.6. Pre-Briefing.............................................................................................................................................15 2.5.7. De-Briefing .............................................................................................................................................15 2.5.8. De-Briefing Papers ....................................................................................................................................15 2.5.9. Review of Plan .........................................................................................................................................15 2.5.10. Records .................................................................................................................................................15 2.5.11. Deferment of Exercise ................................................................................................................................15
2.6. Training ............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.7. Amendments ...................................................................................................................................... 15
SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES ........................................................... 17
3.1. Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) .................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................17 3.1.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................17 3.1.3. Set up ...................................................................................................................................................17 3.1.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................17 3.1.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................17 3.1.6. Location.................................................................................................................................................18 3.1.7. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................18 3.1.8. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................18
3.2. Vehicle Reporting Point (VRP).............................................................................................................. 19
3.2.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................19 3.2.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................19 3.2.3. Staging Area ...........................................................................................................................................19 3.2.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................19 3.2.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................19
3.3. Incident Control Point (ICP)................................................................................................................. 20
3.3.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................20 3.3.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................20 3.3.3. Set up ...................................................................................................................................................20 3.3.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................21 3.3.5. Handover ...............................................................................................................................................21 3.3.6. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................21
3.4. Casualty Processing Area (CPA) ........................................................................................................... 22
3.4.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................22 3.4.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................22 3.4.3. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................23 3.4.4. Handling of Deceased.................................................................................................................................23 3.4.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................23
3.5. Passenger Reception Area (PRA).......................................................................................................... 24
3.5.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................24 3.5.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................24 3.5.3. Set Up...................................................................................................................................................24 3.5.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................25 3.5.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................25
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | v
3.6. Relative Reception Area (RRA)............................................................................................................. 26
3.6.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................26 3.6.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................26 3.6.3. Set Up...................................................................................................................................................26 3.6.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................26 3.6.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................26
3.7. Reunion Area (RA) .............................................................................................................................. 27
3.7.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................27 3.7.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................27 3.7.3. Set Up...................................................................................................................................................27 3.7.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................27 3.7.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................27
3.8. Crew Reception Area (CRA) ................................................................................................................. 28
3.8.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................28 3.8.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................28 3.8.3. Set Up...................................................................................................................................................28 3.8.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................28 3.8.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................28
3.9. Body Holding Area (BHA) .................................................................................................................... 29
3.9.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................29 3.9.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................29 3.9.3. Set Up...................................................................................................................................................29 3.9.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................29 3.9.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................29
3.10. Media Reception Area (MRA) ............................................................................................................... 30
3.10.1. Function ................................................................................................................................................30 3.10.2. Location.................................................................................................................................................30 3.10.3. Set Up...................................................................................................................................................30 3.10.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................30 3.10.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................30
SECTION 4 - OPERATIONAL RESPONSE .......................................................................... 31
4.1. Activation ........................................................................................................................................... 31
4.2. Agency Callout Arrangements .............................................................................................................. 31
4.3. Airport Access..................................................................................................................................... 31
4.3.1. Airport Location........................................................................................................................................31 4.3.2. Primary Emergency Access ...........................................................................................................................31 4.3.3. Secondary Emergency Access........................................................................................................................32 4.3.4. Staging Area ...........................................................................................................................................32 4.3.5. Airspace Closure (Airport Control Zone) ............................................................................................................32
4.4. Local Standby ..................................................................................................................................... 32
4.4.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................32 4.4.2. Declaration .............................................................................................................................................32 4.4.3. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................32 4.4.4. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................32 4.4.5. Staging Area ...........................................................................................................................................32 4.4.6. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................33 4.4.7. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................33 4.4.8. Call Out Schedule......................................................................................................................................33
4.5. Full Emergency ................................................................................................................................... 34
4.5.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................34 4.5.2. Declaration .............................................................................................................................................34 4.5.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................34 4.5.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................34 4.5.5. Staging Area ...........................................................................................................................................34 4.5.6. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................35 4.5.7. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................35 4.5.8. Call Out Schedule......................................................................................................................................35
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | vi
4.6. Crash on Airport ................................................................................................................................. 35
4.6.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................35 4.6.2. Declaration .............................................................................................................................................36 4.6.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................36 4.6.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................36 4.6.5. Staging Area ...........................................................................................................................................36 4.6.6. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................36 4.6.7. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................37 4.6.8. Call Out Schedule......................................................................................................................................37 4.6.9. RAAF Response ........................................................................................................................................37
4.7. Crash Off Airport................................................................................................................................. 37
4.7.1. Airport Response ......................................................................................................................................37
4.8. Bomb Threat ...................................................................................................................................... 38
4.8.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................38 4.8.2. Assessment.............................................................................................................................................38 4.8.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................38 4.8.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................38 4.8.5. Aircraft Re-Positioning ................................................................................................................................39 4.8.6. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................39
4.9. Unlawful Interference Including Hijacking ............................................................................................ 39
4.9.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................39 4.9.2. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................39 4.9.3. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................40 4.9.4. Aircraft Re-Positioning ................................................................................................................................40 4.9.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................40
4.10. Fire or Natural Disaster ....................................................................................................................... 40
4.10.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................40 4.10.2. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................41 4.10.3. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................41 4.10.4. Evacuation..............................................................................................................................................41 4.10.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................41
4.11. Hazardous Material ............................................................................................................................. 41
4.11.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................41 4.11.2. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................41 4.11.3. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................42 4.11.4. Evacuation..............................................................................................................................................42 4.11.5. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................42
4.12. Investigations ..................................................................................................................................... 43
4.12.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................43 4.12.2. Investigating Agencies ................................................................................................................................43 4.12.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................43 4.12.4. Assembly ...............................................................................................................................................43 4.12.5. Access to Incident Site................................................................................................................................44 4.12.6. Photography ...........................................................................................................................................44 4.12.7. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................44
SECTION 5 - RECOVERY ................................................................................................ 45
5.1. Management ...................................................................................................................................... 45
5.1.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................45 5.1.2. Airport Recovery Coordinating Committee (ARCC) ................................................................................................45 5.1.3. Location.................................................................................................................................................46 5.1.4. Damage Assessment ..................................................................................................................................46 5.1.5. Contingency Planning .................................................................................................................................46
5.2. Return to Operational Status ............................................................................................................... 46
5.2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................46 5.2.2. Responsibilities.........................................................................................................................................46 5.2.3. Disabled Aircraft Recovery ...........................................................................................................................46 5.2.4. Airport Inspection .....................................................................................................................................47 5.2.5. Control ..................................................................................................................................................47
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | vii
5.2.6. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................47 5.2.7. Claims against Darwin International Airport Pty Ltd...............................................................................................47
5.3. Return to Restricted Aircraft Operations ............................................................................................... 47
5.3.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................47 5.3.2. Control ..................................................................................................................................................47 5.3.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................47
5.4. Return to Unrestricted Aircraft Operations ............................................................................................ 48
5.4.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................48 5.4.2. Control ..................................................................................................................................................48 5.4.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................48
5.5. Airport Security Control ....................................................................................................................... 48
5.5.1. Definition ...............................................................................................................................................48 5.5.2. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................48 5.5.3. Control ..................................................................................................................................................48 5.5.4. Tasks to Be Undertaken ..............................................................................................................................48
5.6. Human Recovery ................................................................................................................................ 48
5.6.1. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ...................................................................................................................48 5.6.2. Relatives and Victims .................................................................................................................................48
SECTION 6 - SUPPORTING PLANS.................................................................................. 49
6.1. Recovery of Disabled Aircraft Plan........................................................................................................ 49
6.1.1. Purpose .................................................................................................................................................49 6.1.2. Authority................................................................................................................................................49 6.1.3. Activation ...............................................................................................................................................49 6.1.4. Response ...............................................................................................................................................50 6.1.5. Responsibilities.........................................................................................................................................50 6.1.6. Aircraft Removal Equipment..........................................................................................................................51 6.1.7. Claims against DIA Pty Ltd ...........................................................................................................................51 6.1.8. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................51 6.1.9. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................51 6.1.10. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................51
6.2. Care of Uninjured Plan (Civil) ............................................................................................................... 52
6.2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................52 6.2.2. Management Arrangements ..........................................................................................................................52 6.2.3. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................53 6.2.4. Control, Command and Coordination ...............................................................................................................53 6.2.5. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................53 6.2.6. Response Facilities ....................................................................................................................................53 6.2.7. Operational Response.................................................................................................................................54 6.2.8. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................54 6.2.9. Management of Post Incident Trauma ..............................................................................................................54
6.3. Care of Relatives Plan (Civil) ................................................................................................................ 55
6.3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................55 6.3.2. Management Arrangements ..........................................................................................................................55 6.3.3. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................55 6.3.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................56 6.3.5. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................56 6.3.6. Response Facilities ....................................................................................................................................56 6.3.7. Operational Response.................................................................................................................................57 6.3.8. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................57 6.3.9. Management of Post Incident Trauma ..............................................................................................................57
6.4. Terminal Evacuation Plan .................................................................................................................... 58
6.4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................58 6.4.2. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................58 6.4.3. Roles & Responsibilities...............................................................................................................................58 6.4.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................58 6.4.5. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................58 6.4.6. Operational Response.................................................................................................................................58 6.4.7. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................58
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | viii
6.5. Aerodrome Cyclone Plan...................................................................................................................... 59
6.5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................59 6.5.2. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................59 6.5.3. Roles & Responsibilities...............................................................................................................................59 6.5.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................59 6.5.5. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................59 6.5.6. Operational Response.................................................................................................................................60 6.5.7. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................60
6.6. FLUBORDER PLAN .............................................................................................................................. 61
6.6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................61 6.6.2. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................61 6.6.3. Roles & Responsibilities...............................................................................................................................61 6.6.4. FLUBORDER Response Group ........................................................................................................................61 6.6.5. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................61 6.6.6. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................61 6.6.7. Operational Response.................................................................................................................................62 6.6.8. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................63
6.7. Media Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 64
6.7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................64 6.7.2. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................64 6.7.3. Roles & Responsibilities...............................................................................................................................64 6.7.4. Command, Control and Coordination ...............................................................................................................65 6.7.5. Plan Review ............................................................................................................................................65 6.7.6. Operational Response.................................................................................................................................65 6.7.7. Stand Down ............................................................................................................................................65
6.8. Medical Sub-Plan ................................................................................................................................ 66
6.8.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................66 6.8.2. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................66 6.8.3. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................66 6.8.4. Command, Control and Co-ordination...............................................................................................................66 6.8.5. Medical Coordination ..................................................................................................................................66 6.8.6. Site Teams .............................................................................................................................................66 6.8.7. Field Hospital...........................................................................................................................................66 6.8.8. Incident Control Point .................................................................................................................................67 6.8.9. Communications .......................................................................................................................................67 6.8.10. Role of Department of Defence ......................................................................................................................67
SECTION 7 - APPENDICES ............................................................................................. 69
7.1. APPENDIX A – Airport Plan with Boundaries .............................................................................................
7.2. APPENDIX B – Incident Site Management............................................................................................. 71
7.3. APPENDIX C – Typical Aircraft Types and Passenger Capacities for Darwin International Airport .............. 72
7.4. APPENDIX D – Amendment Request .................................................................................................... 73
7.5. APPENDIX E – Terminal Layout – Passenger and Relative Reception, Fluborder ...................................... 74
7.6. APPENDIX F – Crash Grid .................................................................................................................... 75
......................................................................................................................................................... 75
7.7. APPENDIX G – Crash Gate and Designated Aircraft Search Areas ........................................................... 76
7.8. APPENDIX H – Emergency Vehicle Reporting Area ................................................................................ 77
7.9. APPENDIX I – Location of Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) ............................................................. 78
7.10. APPENDIX J – Indemnity and Release Form ......................................................................................... 79
7.10.1. Deed of Indemnity and Release (Owner) Movement of Stationary Aircraft ....................................................................79 7.10.2. Deed of Indemnity and Release (Company) Movement of Stationary Aircraft .................................................................80
7.11. APPENDIX K – RAAF Darwin Map – AEP Support Facilities ..................................................................... 81
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 ADMINISTRATION | xvii
Document Control
The Aerodrome Safety & Standards Manager NT Airports is responsible for ensuring that the Darwin International
Airport (DIA) Aerodrome Emergency Plan is up-to-date and that holders of the Aerodrome Emergency Plan are
advised of any change in a timely manner. The Operations Manager DIA will assist the Aerodrome Safety &
Standards Manager in this duty.
Changes to the Aerodrome Emergency Plan may be required from time to time because of:
Direction by CASA
Different personnel being appointed to airport staff
Infrastructure changes
Revisions to existing practices and procedures
Recommendations from an exercise
Changes in Legislation
Whenever a change to the Aerodrome Emergency Plan is required, the Aerodrome Safety & Standards Manager
will be advised and provided with sufficient information to prepare the changes. The amended Aerodrome
Emergency Plan will be available on the NT Airports Secure Resources webpage, and notification will be sent out to
all holders of the Aerodrome Emergency Plan as listed in the distribution list within 30 days of the change being
implemented.
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS | 1
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1. Aim
The aim of the Darwin International Aerodrome Emergency Plan (AEP) is to ensure a timely and co-ordinated
response and recovery from either a civil or a military aircraft emergency at the Airport.
1.2. Scope
The Darwin International Airport AEP details the arrangements for control and co-ordination of the response to,
and initial recovery from, an emergency on Darwin International Airport involving civilian or military aircraft and/or
civilian airport facilities. The arrangements in this AEP extend to handle an airport emergency which is beyond the
capacity of the airport agencies to manage and which would require a significant and co-ordinated response.
The key terminology used in a response to an emergency at Darwin International Airport is Command, Control and
Co-ordination.
This AEP is based on each agency having a statutory responsibility in place and appropriate supporting Aerodrome
Emergency Procedures (or Standard Operating Procedures) which deal with that agency's response in accordance
with this AEP.
The applicability of this plan to Australian Defence Organisation members is outlined in the RAAF Darwin military
supplement to this document. Content of the military supplement should be read by RAAF personnel in
conjunction with this plan.
1.3. Legislation
Australia has international obligations as a Contracting State to ICAO and the Commonwealth has entrusted the
enforcement of its obligations to the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA). CASA has enacted Civil Aviation Safety
Regulation (CASR) 139.095 pertaining to Aerodrome Emergency Plans. Detailed standards and recommendations
for practices for an AEP are also contained in ICAO Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
The Emergency Management Act 2013 requires the development of a Darwin Disaster Plan. This AEP is consistent
with the requirements of that Act for supporting Emergency Plans.
1.4. Incident Scene Safety
All aircraft incidents present a significant safety hazard to rescue personnel. Whilst initial priorities are protection
of life and property, all rescue personnel must remain cognisant of material and biological hazards, minimise risks
and ensure personal protective equipment is used in all cases.
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled when printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 17
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES
Refer to Appendix E for terminal layout.
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 18
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 19
3.2. Vehicle Reporting Point (VRP)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 20
3.3. Incident Control Point (ICP)
1 If a displaced threshold is required, the DIA Operations Officer vehicle may temporarily detach from the ICP in order to assist
with the placement of the displaced threshold and/or other markings as required. However, communications from the control
tower must be monitored at all t imes and relayed without delay to the ICP as appropriate.
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 21
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 22
3.4. Casualty Processing Area (CPA) 47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 23
3.4.3. Command, Control and Coordination 47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 24
3.5. Passenger Reception Area (PRA)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 25
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 26
3.6. Relative Reception Area (RRA)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 27
3.7. Reunion Area (RA)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 28
3.8. Crew Reception Area (CRA)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 29
3.9. Body Holding Area (BHA)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES | 30
3.10. Media Reception Area (MRA)
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 31
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
SECTION 4 - OPERATIONAL RESPONSE
4.1. Activation
4.2. Agency Callout Arrangements
Individual response agency callout arrangements are not included in this document but may be added to agency-
held copies as (agency) Standard Operating Procedures.
4.3. Airport Access
4.3.1. Airport Location
The airport is located approximately 6km from the town centre of Darwin.
4.3.2. Primary Emergency Access
Refer to Section 3.2.2.1.
2 The call could be received by any agency including the media or 000.
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 32
4.3.3. Secondary Emergency Access
Refer to Section 3.2.2.2.
4.3.4. Staging Area
Refer to Section 3.2.3.
4.3.5. Airspace Closure (Airport Control Zone)
If deemed necessary, RAAF ATC, in consultation with Darwin International Airport, NT Police and AFP, will control
and close the airspace for a defined period of time.
4.4. Local Standby
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 33
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 34
4.5. Full Emergency
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 35
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 36
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 37
22
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 41
Cyclone (Refer to Section 6 for DIA Aerodrome Cyclone Plan)
22
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 43
4.12. Investigations
4.12.1. Introduction
Following an emergency at Darwin International Airport a number of investigations will be required to determine
safety and criminal implications. Emergency response units must ensure that the integrity of the incident site is
preserved as far as possible and that as far as is reasonable possible, wreckage is not unnecessarily disturbed.
The evacuation and treatment of casualties is of paramount importance and takes precedence over all other
considerations.
4.12.2. Investigating Agencies
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE | 44
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 RECOVERY | 45
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
SECTION 5 - RECOVERY
5.1. Management
5.1.1. Definition
Recovery is the process of returning the airport to its normal level of functioning following an emergency and
includes the welfare, physical and emotional condition of the victims including the staff of airport agencies as well
as the physical reconstruction of the airport facilities.
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 RECOVERY | 46
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 RECOVERY | 47
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 RECOVERY | 48
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 49
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
SECTION 6 - SUPPORTING PLANS
The following Plans may be activated in support of the Darwin International AEP. These plans may be issued
separately to Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan.
6.1 Recovery of Disabled Aircraft Plan
6.2 Care of Uninjured Plan (Civil)
6.3 Care of Relatives Plan (Civil)
6.4 Terminal Evacuation Plan
6.5 Aerodrome Cyclone Plan
6.6 FLUBORDER PLAN
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 50
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 51
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 52
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 53
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 54
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 55
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 56
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 57
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 58
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 66
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 67
Note: Page 68 is intentionally blank.
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 69
Darwin International Airport Aerodrome Emergency Plan
SECTION 7 - APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Airport Plan with Boundaries
APPENDIX B Incident Site Management
APPENDIX C Typical Aircraft Types and Passenger Capacities for Darwin International Airport
APPENDIX D Amendment Request
APPENDIX E
Terminal Layout – Passenger, Relative Reception and Fluborder Areas
APPENDIX F Crash Grid
APPENDIX G Crash Gate and Designated Aircraft Search Areas
APPENDIX H Emergency Vehicle Reporting Area
APPENDIX I Location of Emergency Operations Centre (EOC)
APPENDIX J Indemnity and Release Form
APPENDIX K RAAF Darwin Map – AEP Support Facilities
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 71
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 73
7.4. APPENDIX D – Amendment Request
Proposals for amendment or addition to the contents of this plan are to be forwarded in writing to:
Chairperson
Aerodrome Emergency Planning Committee
Darwin International Airport
Post Office Box 40996
Casuarina NT 0811
E-mail operations.darwin@ntairports.com.au
DELETE
Please enter details of the information to be deleted from the plan, including the page number:
REPLACE WITH
Please enter details of information to be included in the plan:
OFFICE USE
Information included into Manual Date: Entered By:
Updated pages Distributed Date:
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 74
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 75
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 77
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 78
47G/47E(d)
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 79
7.10. APPENDIX J – Indemnity and Release Form
7.10.1. Deed of Indemnity and Release (Owner) Movement of Stationary Aircraft
THIS DEED is made the day of 20 .
The Owner of the aircraft described below (“the Aircraft”) hereby agrees to provide this indemnity and release on
the conditions set out below.
1. The Owner agrees and consents to DARWIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PTY LIMITED (ACN 081 258 157),
its servants, agents, contractors and employees (“the Company”) moving at any time required by the
Company the Aircraft at the Owners sole cost and expense.
2. In consideration of the Company moving the Aircraft, the Owner agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified
the Company against all and any loss, damage, cost, charge, expense or other liability however suffered
paid or incurred by or threatened against the Company in relation to or arising out of or in consequence of
any action, proceeding, claim or demand which is or may be brought, made or prosecuted or threatened
against the Company in respect of any loss of or damage to property, loss of life or personal injury or other
loss that may arise in any way from the moving of the Aircraft by the Company.
3. The Owner further agrees to release the Company from all claims, actions, causes of actions, proceedings
and demands which the Owner of the Aircraft has or but for this indemnity and release would or might at
any time in the future have against the Company and from all present and future liability of the Company
to the Owner of the Aircraft however caused in relation to or arising out of or in consequence of the
moving of the Aircraft.
4. The Owner confirms that it is the intention of this Deed that each servant, agent, contractor and employee
of DARWIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PTY LIMITED obtains the benefits expressed in their favour under
this Deed and shall be entitled to enforce such benefits.
5. The Owner confirms that the Owner of the Aircraft has abided by all applicable laws including without
limitation acts, regulations, by-laws, directions and determinations relating to or made by the Civil Aviation
Safety Authority, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, the Department of Infrastructure and Regional
Development, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Company and any other relevant authority or body
which has authority in relation to interference with or movement of an aircraft.
Description of Aircraft
Type of Aircraft
Registration
Owner
Signed, sealed and delivered by the following Owner/Authorised Representative:
Name
Signature Date
In the presence of the following witness:
Name
Signature Date
Fax: 08 8920 1855
PO Box 40996
CA SUARINA NT 0811
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 80
7.10.2. Deed of Indemnity and Release (Company) Movement of Stationary Aircraft
THIS DEED is made the day of 20 .
The Owner of the aircraft described below (“the Aircraft”) hereby agrees to provide this indemnity and release on
the conditions set out below.
1. The Owner agrees and consents to DARWIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PTY LIMITED (ACN 081 258 157),
its servants, agents, contractors and employees (“the Company”) moving at any time required by the
Company the Aircraft at the Owners sole cost and expense.
2. In consideration of the Company moving the Aircraft, the Owner agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified
the Company against all and any loss, damage, cost, charge, expense or other liability however suffered
paid or incurred by or threatened against the Company in relation to or arising out of or in consequence of
any action, proceeding, claim or demand which is or may be brought, made or prosecuted or threatened
against the Company in respect of any loss of or damage to property, loss of life or personal injury or other
loss that may arise in any way from the moving of the Aircraft by the Company.
3. The Owner further agrees to release the Company from all claims, actions, causes of actions, proceedings
and demands which the Owner of the Aircraft has or but for this indemnity and release would or might at
any time in the future have against the Company and from all present and future liability of the Company
to the Owner of the Aircraft however caused in relation to or arising out of or in consequence of the
moving of the Aircraft.
4. The Owner confirms that it is the intention of this Deed that each servant, agent, contractor and employee
of DARWIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PTY LIMITED obtains the benefits expressed in their favour under
this Deed and shall be entitled to enforce such benefits.
5. The Owner confirms that the Owner of the Aircraft has abided by all applicable laws including without
limitation acts, regulations, by-laws, directions and determinations relating to or made by the Civil Aviation
Safety Authority, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, the Department of Infrastructure and Regional
Development, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Company and any other relevant authority or body
which has authority in relation to interference with or movement of an aircraft.
Description of Aircraft
Type of Aircraft
Registration
Owner (ACN )
Executed as a deed by the Owner in accordance with Section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001:
Director’s Name
Signature Date
Director/Secretary’s Name
Signature Date
OR
Executed as a deed on behalf of the Owner by its authorised representative:
Name
Signature Date
Fax: 08 8920 1855
PO Box 40996
CA SUARINA NT 0811
Aerodrome Emergency Plan|Prepared by: Aerodrome Emergency Committtee
Uncontrolled if printed
Version # 4.20 | Issue Date: August 2015 | Review Date: August 2016 APPENDICES | 81
47G/47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
FORWARD
Defence aviation organisations at all levels must have appropriate emergency response plans in place with appropriately trained and equipped personnel to respond immediately and effectively to aviation emergencies, including serious incidents and accidents.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A PLAN
All base/station commanders of ADF airfields are required to produce and maintain an Airfield Emergency Plan (AEP).
All units with custodial responsibilities for aircraft are required to produce and maintain a Unit Emergency Plan (UEP), taking cognisance of the relevant AEP. Structuring the UEP in a similar format to the AEP will result in all AEP/UEPs following the same format regardless of size or complexity of the airfield, and the size and aircraft type(s) operated by the unit.
AIRFIELD/UNIT EMERGENCY PLANS
Preparedness for an airfield/unit emergency is achieved by planning for and exercising the effectiveness to respond to an emergency. The most important aspect of airfield and unit emergency planning is the process itself – it is essential to involve all personnel who will have responsibilities when an emergency response is required. Participation in the process ensures commitment to the Plan and formulation of a workable document. Emergency planning committees generally comprise the relevant aviation safety committee (ASC) plus any additional agencies that may be involved in emergency response.
The planning process, if conducted effectively will lead the emergency planning committee to derive a sound agreement for emergency response. Planners should realise that the process is as important as the written document.
LEGISLATION
Australia has international obligations as a Contracting State to the ICAO. The Commonwealth has entrusted the enforcement of these obligations to the CASA and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).
47E(d)
47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
This AEP has been prepared in accordance with CASA Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) Part 139 pertaining to AEPs, DI(AF) OPS 6–9—Airfield Emergency Services, Defence Aviation Safety Manual (DASM), and the Airport Emergency Planning in Australia document issued by the National Airports Emergency Committee.
Information contained in this AEP is also consistent with:
a. DI(AF) OPS 1–2 - Defence Assistance to the Civil Community (DACC)—Policy and Procedures;
b. DI(AF) OPS 4–5 - Search and Rescue;
c. DI(AF) OPS 6-9 - Airfield Emergency Services;
d. DI(AF) OPS 5-27-Recovery Action – Damaged Aircraft and AirborneTechnical Equipment; and
e. AC SI(OPS) 04–07 - Search and Rescue.
AUTHORITY FOR AEP RELEASE
This AEP is authorised for release IAW SEC/CDF Directive 04/08.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
AMENDMENTS
Distribution. The AEP is only available in softcopy via the following link.
http://intranet.defence.gov.au/DRMS/uE923/G4468652.pdf
Note: If a hardcopy is printed, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that the current version is being used.
Amendment cycle. To facilitate ease of management for those personnel printing an uncontrolled hardcopy from this link, the uploaded AEP will indicate the current version and the proposed date for next amendment If no amendment is forthcoming by that date, the link will indicate that the extant version remains current and will forecast a subsequent amendment date. On the contrary, should circumstances dictate that an urgent amendment is required prior to the proposed date, personnel holding key appointments will be notified via e-mail by the AEP’s sponsors (WLM SADFO and BSM) of the existence of the uploaded amended version.
Suggested amendments. The AEP sponsors invites assistance to improve this document. Users of this document are invited to constructively review its content. Any deficiencies, errors and improvements should be forwarded for consideration to the WLM BASO via e-mail. In your submission please provide your name, position or title, work area and other contact details.
47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
RAAF WILLIAMTOWN AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminary Pages
Authorisation
Forward
Amendments
Table of Contents
Distribution
Issue Certificate
Abbreviations
Glossary
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aim
1.2 Scope
SECTION 2 MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS
2.1 Airfield Emergency Committee
2.2 Roles and Responsibilities
Emergency Assessment Team (EAT)
Air Base Executive Officer
EOD Safety Team
Defence Support Reform Group
2 Expeditionary Health Squadron
Resident Flying Wings
Resident Flying Units
453SQN Williamtown Flight
Visiting Detachments
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
SAR Helicopter
Civilian Agencies
2.3 Plan Overview
Introduction
2.4 Command, Control and Coordination
Command
Control
Coordination
2.5 AEP Review
2.6 Exercises
2.7 Communications
2.8 Alarm Testing
2.9 Activation of Alarms for Aircraft Emergencies
SECTION 3 EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES
3.1 Emergency Operations Centre
3.2 Forward Command Post
3.3 Casualty Processing Area
3.4 Reception Centres
3.5 Media Centre
SECTION 4 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE
4.1 AEP Activation
4.2 Williamtown Airfield Access
4.3 Local Standby
4.4 Full Emergency
4.5 Crash on Airfield (includes ‘vicinity’ of WLM)
4.6 Crash off Airfield (outside ‘vicinity’ of WLM)
4.7 Emergency Response Procedures
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
4.8 Unlawful seizure
4.9 Investigations
SECTION 5 RECOVERY
5.1 Recovery - Business Continuity/Resumption
5.2 Return to Restricted Aircraft Operations
5.3 Return to Unrestricted Aircraft Operations
5.4 Critical Incident Mental Health Support
5.5 Post Incident Management
SECTION 6 SUPPORTING PLANS
6.1 Disabled Aircraft Removal Plan
6.2 Recovery of Facilities
ANNEXES A. Airfield Resources
A1 RAAF Williamtown FCP and EOC Communications Equipment
A2 RAAF Williamtown SAR Trailer
A3 RAAF Williamtown Crash Kit
A4 Human Resources
A5 Personal Protective Equipment
A6 Facilities
B. Communications
B1 Telephone Contacts – On Base
B2 Telephone Contacts – Military Off Base
B3 Telephone Contacts – Civil Emergency Services
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
B4 Radio Callsigns
C. Plan Diagrams
C1 RAAF Williamtown Crash Grid
C2 Airfield Layout
C3 EOC Layout
C4 ESA Layout
C5 FCP Layout
D. Duty Statements
D1 453SQN Williamtown Flight
D2 Airfield Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)
D3 Senior Medical Officer (SMO)
D4 Air Base Executive Officer (ABXO)
D5 Base Aviation Safety Officer (BASO)
D6 OIC Base Operations (OIC BOPS)
D7 SAR Flight
D8 Duty Security Controller
D9 Air Force Imagery Specialist
D10 Duty Member
D11 Base Security Officer
D12 Aircraft Arrestor Systems
D13 Strip Clearance
D14 OIC Ground Defence Training Section
D15 Base Public Affairs Officer
D16 Heads of Resident Units
D17 Resident Wing Contact Officer
D18 453SQN Williamtown Flight – Flight Commander
D19 Base Armament Manager (BAM)
D20 Squadron Engineering Specialist
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
D21 Air Movements Officer
D22 Chief Of Staff Air Combat Group and Chief Of Staff Surveillance and Response Group
D23 Officer Commanding Resident Wings
D24 Defence Support Northern NSW – Base Support Manager – Williamtown
D25 Base Warrant Officer Disciplinary
D26 Environmental Health Officer
D27 OIC Response Support Teams
D28 Coordinating/Duty Chaplain
D29 Incident Site Commander
D30 Base Fuel Quality Control Officer
E. Ground Response Actions – Engagements of Aircraft Arrestor Systems
F. Concept of Operations – Emergency Operations Centre
G. Concept of Operations – Incident Site
H. Newcastle Airport Emergency Plan
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
ABBREVIATIONS
AMS Air Movements Section – 26SQN 2 EHS No 2 Expeditionary Health Squadron 26 SQN No 26 (City of Newcastle) Squadron 453SQN WLM FLT 453 Squadron Williamtown Flight 453SQN WLM FLTCDR 453 Squadron Williamtown Flight – Flight Commander 381 ECSS 381 Expeditionary Combat Support Squadron AAS Aircraft Arrestor Systems ABCP Air Base Command Post ABXO Air Base Executive Officer ACG Air Combat Group ADF Australian Defence Force ADFIS Australian Defence Force Investigative Service ADMINO Administrative Officer AEC Airfield Emergency Committee AEP Airfield Emergency Plan AFC Aircraft Fire Controller AFHQ Air Force Headquarters AFIS Air Force Imagery Specialist AIT Accident Investigation Team AME Aero Medical Evacuation AOC Air and Space Operations Centre ARFF Airfield Rescue and Firefighting AsA Airservices Australia ATC Air Traffic Control ATS Air Traffic Services ATSB Australian Transport Safety Bureau AusSAR Australian Search and Rescue Organisation BAM Base Armament Manager BASO Base Aviation Safety Officer BGRT Base Ground Response Team BOI Board Of Inquiry BOPS Base Operations BSM Base Support Manager C2 Command and Control CAR Civil Aviation Regulations (1988) CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority CASR Civil Aviations Safety Regulations (1998) CAT Category CATO Catering Officer CCP Casualty Clearing Post CDRACG Commander Air Combat Group CDRSRG Commander Surveillance and Response Group CETECH Communications Electronics Technician CISCON Communication Information Systems Controller CIMHS Critical Incident Mental Health Support CIVPOL Civilian Police CMS Contract Maintenance Services CO Commanding Officer COMMS Communications COS HQACG Chief of Staff, Headquarters Air Combat Group COS HQSRG Chief of Staff, Headquarters Surveillance and Response Group CPA Casualty Processing Area CPX Command Post Exercise CRC Crash Recovery Crew CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency DACC Defence Assistance to the Civil Community DCO Defence Community Organisation DENTO Dental Officer DAMO Duty Air Movements Officer DDAAFS Directorate of Defence Aviation and Air Force Safety
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
DISPLAN Disaster Plan DM Duty Member DSC Duty Security Controller DSRG Defence Support Reform Group DVI Disaster Victim Identification DVR Disaster Victim Registration EAT Emergency Assessment Team ECO Emergency Control Officer EOC Emergency Operations Centre EOC CDR Emergency Operations Centre Commander EODF Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight ENVHO Environmental Health Officer ESA Emergency Staging Area ETA Estimated Time of Arrival FC Fire Controller FCP Forward Command Post FIREFTR Firefighter GASO Group Aviation Safety Officer GES Ground Electronic Services (ATC) GSS Garrison Support Services HQAC Headquarters Air Command ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation IO Information Officer IRT Immediate Response Team ISC Incident Site Commander ISMC Incident Site Medical Coordinator ISCT Incident Site Command Team JBAC Joint Battlefield Airspace Controller [formerly Air Traffic Control Officer (Military)] JPRO Joint Personnel Recovery Officer LEOCON Local Emergency Operations Controller MEDASST Medical Assistant MEDEVAC Medical Evacuation MEOMS Mechanical Equipment Operations and Maintenance Section MO Medical Officer NAL Newcastle Airport Limited NCO Non Commissioned Officer NM Nautical Mile NRIS National Registration and Inquiry Service OC Officer Commanding OCU Operational Conversion Unit OIC Officer in Charge OOH Out of Hours OPSO Operations Officer PAO Public Affairs Officer PAR Post Activity Report PHOT Photographic PIO Public Information Officer PRC Passenger Reception Centre POB Persons on Board POC Police Operations Centre PPE Personal Protective Equipment RAAF Royal Australian Air Force RCC Rescue Coordination Centre RFC RAAF Field Commander RFS Rural Fire Service RMHT Regional Mental Health Team RRC Relatives Reception Centre RST Response Support Team RSTLO Response Support Team Liaison Officer SADFO Senior Australian Defence Force Officer SAR Search and Rescue SARFLT Search and Rescue Helicopter Flight
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
SARMC Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator SARO Search and Rescue Officer SECFOR RAAF Security Forces SES State Emergency Service SITREPS Situation Reports SMC Surface Movement Control SMCV Surface Movement Control Vehicle frequency SME Subject Matter Expert SMM Senior Maintenance Manager SMO Senior Medical Officer SNCOIC Senior Non Commissioned Officer in Charge SOP Standard Operating Procedure SQN Squadron SRG Surveillance and Response Group TWR Tower Control TWRSPR Tower Supervisor UASO Unit Aviation Safety Officer UEP Unit Emergency Plan WASO Wing Aviation Safety Officer WOD Warrant Officer Disciplinary WLM RAAF Williamtown WLO Welfare Liaison Officer WSSF Weapons System Support Flight XO Executive Officer
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
GLOSSARY
Airfield. A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.
Air Traffic Control Service (ATS). A service provided, by Australian Defence Force personnel, for the purpose of preventing collisions between aircraft or on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.
Air Traffic Control Tower. A unit established to provide Air Traffic Control services to Airfield Traffic
Airfield Emergency Plan (AEP). A plan developed by the SADFO to coordinate all agencies and their individual Airfield Emergency Procedures, State or supporting area plans for dealing with an Airfield emergency.
Aircraft/Aeroplane. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.
Airside. The movement area of the airfield, adjacent terrain and buildings or portions thereof, access to which is controlled.
Apron. That part of an airfield to be used for the purpose of enabling passengers to board or disembark from an aircraft, loading of freight/cargo onto, or unloading freight/cargo from an aircraft, refuelling, parking or carrying out maintenance of an aircraft.
Assembly Area. A pre-arranged, strategically placed area on or of an airfield where general airfield staff and their vehicles can be assembled in order to be escorted onto an airfield during an emergency.
Base. A generic term used in these orders to refer to the RAAF Williamtown airfield.
Casualty Processing Area. The area where medical staff assemble to provide triage treatment and arrange transportation to hospital for those persons injured in the emergency.
Combat Agency. The agency primarily responsible for responding to a specified or potential emergency.
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF). A designated frequency on which pilots and vehicles make positional broadcasts when operating on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome. The carriage and use of the radio is mandatory at Registered, Certified and Military Aerodromes.
Control. The overall direction of response activities in an emergency.
Coordination. The bringing together of agencies and individuals to ensure effective emergency or rescue management, but does not include the control of agencies and individuals by direction.
Directorate of Defence Aviation and Air Force Safety. The organisation within the ADF charged with all aviation safety matters including the responsibility of investigating all military aviation accidents.
Danger Area. A defined location including the area likely to be affected by the blast pattern of an explosive device, the collateral damage caused by the explosion of such a device, and the prescribed safety distances from such a device.
Dangerous Cargo. Cargo carried in an aircraft which may either have a low flash point for ignition, or may explode in an emergency involving fire or large deceleration forces.
Emergency/Disaster. An emergency due to an actual or imminent occurrence which endangers or threatens the safety or health of persons, and destroys or damages or threatens to destroy or damage property.
Emergency Operations Centre. A fixed location established on/in or near the airfield used as a centre for coordination and communication during an emergency.
Explosive Ordnance. Equipment carried in an aircraft designed to detonate with explosive force.
Emergency Staging Area. An area strategically placed near the accident site for the parking of Emergency vehicles and the holding of emergency personnel not currently employed.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
Emergency Standby. ARFF vehicles crewed, engines running, vehicles positioned onto the fire section apron and radio communications have been established with ATC. Vehicles are not to depart from the readiness location until so directed by Tower Supervisor.
Field Commander. An agency head delegated the responsibility for command of personnel from his organisation at the direction of the Incident Site Commander and who must act as the specialist adviser to the Incident Site Commander on matters relating to his organisation.
Forward Command Post. The point where cooperating agency heads assemble to receive and disseminate information and make operational decisions on the immediate rescue operation.
Full Emergency. A full emergency is declared when:
a. Activation of more than just airport based responding agencies is required;
b. An aircraft is approaching the airport and is known or suspected to be in such trouble that there is danger of an accident
c. There is a crash on the airport
d. A pilot declares a MAYDAY
There are three full emergency levels:
Level I up to 18 seats (ATS reference Light)
Level II up to 215 seats (ATS reference Medium)
Level III up to 560 seats (ATS reference Super or Heavy)
Incident. An occurrence, other than an emergency/disaster, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operation.
Incident Site Commander. A person identified in these orders delegated the responsibility for field control/command of personnel.
Landside. Those parts of an airfield not considered Airside, which is areas normally accessible to ADF personnel not required to perform routine duties airside.
Local Standby. A local standby is declared when an aircraft approaching the airfield is known or is suspected to have developed some defect, but the trouble is not such as would normally involve any serious difficulty in effecting a safe landing. Local standby only requires the involvement of airport-based AEP agencies.
Manoeuvring Area. Those parts of an airfield used for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.
MAYDAY. A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance.
Media Centre. A central location set aside as a holding area and briefing area for the media.
No Duff. The preferred term for indicating that a real event or injury has occurred during an exercise. Sometimes the words ‘authentic’ or ‘safeguard’ are used synonymously. (This DEFN is from EMA’s Manual 42 – Managing Exercises)
Normal Standby. ARFF vehicles are not occupied, but the ARFF crews are capable of responding within 15 seconds of notification.
On Base. An emergency where the crash site is within the fenced perimeter of RAAF Williamtown.
Off Base. An emergency where the crash site is outside the fenced perimeter of RAAF Williamtown.
PAN PAN. A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance.
Reception Centre. An assembly area located on an airfield or in a unit for passengers or relatives.
Recovery. The process of returning the Airfield to its normal operational status.
Response. The process of combating an emergency and of providing the relief for personnel affected by the emergency.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
Supporting Plan. A plan complete in itself, for the emergency management of special or high risk hazard or event.
Suspect Item. An object considered out of place, unattended or unusual for which an explanation cannot be readily determined and which may constitute a threat.
The Site. An area covered by aircraft wreckage, baggage and casualties after an aircraft accident.
Triage. Sorting and classification of casualties to determine the order of priority fro the treatment and transportation.
Unit Emergency Plan. A plan developed by the unit commander to coordinate all agencies and their individual unit emergency procedures, State or supporting area plans for dealing with a unit emergency.
Unit Emergency Procedures. Individual agency procedures for meeting the Unit Emergency Plan requirements.
Vicinity. In the context of this AEP, vicinity means within five nautical miles radius of RAAF Base Williamtown.
Warning Agency. The agency that has initial information on an emergency or potential emergency and responsibility to advise other agencies.
Williamtown Flying Training Area. Airspace reserved for the use of RAAF Williamtown for flying training, including the Williamtown Control Zone and associated Restricted Areas.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
RAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD
EMERGENCY
PLAN
SECTION 4
OPERATIONAL RESPONSE
4.4 FULL EMERGENCY
4.4.1 Definition. A condition declared when it is known that an aircraft approaching the airfield is, or is suspected to be, in such trouble that there is danger of an accident requiring a response from off airfield agencies.
4.4.2 “Full Emergency” is declared by either the pilot in command or ATS. In order to provide an initial measured response, one of the following levels will be used by ATS in declaring the ”Full Emergency” to outside services:
4.4.4 Combat Agency. ARFF is the combat agency for a Full Emergency response.
4.4.5 Support Agencies. Support to the combat agency may be provided by:
a. The IRT;
b. NSW Ambulance Service;
c. NSW Fire and Rescue Service; and
d. NSW Police.
4.4.6 Activation: ATS Active. ATC will alert emergency response agencies IAW Enclosures 2 and 3 to Appendix D1 to Annex D of the WLM AEP.
4.4.7 Activation: ATS De-active (CTAF periods). In the case of a ”Full Emergency” including aircraft accident and ‘MAYDAY’ while ATS De-active ARFF are to notify:
4.4.8 Staging Area. The Base Aviation Safety Officer (BASO) will move to the ESA with the RAAF Williamtown Crash Kit. The contents of the WLM Crash Kit are detailed in Appendix A3 to Annex A. When instructed by the EOC, the Response Support Teams (RSTs) are to stage to their designated areas listed below and make contact with the BASO to gain further instructions:
22
47E(d)
47E(d)
47E(d)
4.4.9 Stand Down. Should the incident aircraft land safely, stand-down from a Full Emergency call out will be initiated by ATS (or ARFF outside of ATS hours) when the aircraft has safely reached dispersal.
4.5 CRASH ON AIRFIELD (INCLUDES ‘VICINITY‘ OF WLM)
4.5.1 Definition. An aircraft crash is a self evident situation where an aircraft (ADF, civilian or both) is seen to crash or is about to crash. This may include an aircraft descending out of control, an aircraft on fire, a mid air collision or an explosion of or on an aircraft.
4.5.2 In order to provide an initial response, one of the following levels will be used by ATS in declaring the Crash to outside services:
4.5.3 Combat Agency. As per ‘Full Emergency’.
4.5.4 Support Agencies. As per ‘Full Emergency’.
4.5.5 Activation: ATS Active (CTAF periods). As per ‘Full Emergency’.
4.5.6 Activation: ATS De-active (CTAF periods). As per ‘Full Emergency’.
4.5.7 Staging Area. As per ‘Full Emergency’.
4.5.9 Stand Down. The ISC will advise the EOC when it is believed that emergency services are no longer required at the crash site. The EOC will stand down emergency services as they see fit, and the FCP will advise the EOC when units depart the site.
47E(d)
47E(d)
47E(d)
4.9 INVESTIGATIONS
22
47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP ANNEX A TORAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
AIRFIELD RESOURCES
CONTENTS
A3 RAAF Williamtown Crash Kit
A4 Human Resources
ment
22
22
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP APPENDIX A3 TO ANNEX ARAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
RAAF WILLIAMTOWN CRASH KIT
1. The Crash Kit shall contain the following equipment and be located in the BASO Office Building 167:
General Stores and Equipment
2. Requests for any general stores or equipment in support of an emergency are to be directed through the 26SQN LOG Section.
47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP APPENDIX A4 TO ANNEX ARAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
HUMAN RESOURCES
Response Support Teams
1. Each WG has a responsibility to assist during a Base Emergency. In the first instance, the following Response Support Teams (RST) are to be provided (as requested through EOC CDR):
Civilian Manpower Support
2. Support may also be requested by the EOC Commander for the following civilian resources:
a. NSW Police;
b. NSW Ambulance;
c. NSW Fire Service
d. Newcastle Airport Limited;
e. NSW Rural Fire Brigade;
f. State Emergency Services
47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP ANNEX CRAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
PLAN DIAGRAMS
CONTENTS
Appendix No. Title
C1 RAAF Williamtown Crash Grid
22
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP APPENDIX C1 TO ANNEX CRAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
RAAF WILLIAMTOWN CRASH GRID
1. The RAAF Williamtown Crash Grid is available from Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (DIGO). The current RAAF Williamtown Crash Grid Sheet Number is AUSPEC0882.
47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP APPENDIX C2 TO ANNEX CRAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
Issue Date
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
AIRFIELD LAYOUT 47E(d)
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED UNCLASSIFIED
WLM AEP APPENDIX C3 TO ANNEX CRAAF WILLIAMTOWN
AIRFIELD EMERGENCY PLAN
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
EOC LAYOUT 47E(d)
Recommended