BAB 4 Ketaksammaan Peluang Pendidikan

INEQUALITY EDUCATION

OPPORTUNITY

Bab 4

4.0 INTRODUCTION

“… bridge the education gap, covering the gap between rural and urban areas; the gap between the poor and the rich; the digital divide

and the gap between those with special needs; that there were no dropouts from the mainstream of

development. "

YB Dato’ Seri Hishamuddin Tun Hussein

INEQUALITY EDUCATION

OPPORTUNITY

SOCIAL CLASS

GENDER

MinoritY Group

SPECIAL NEED STUDENT

ISSUES OF INEQUALITY EDUCATION

OPPORTUNITY

4.1 SOCIAL CLASS Associated with a group in society.

In terms of power, politics, wealth, income, status, employment or relationship with the sources of production.

Bourgeosisie

proletariat

Inequality - the views, thoughts and negative beliefs by an ethnic group against ethnic group members or others.

In terms of education, the feudal system (low class or marhain people, the chiefs and the palace)

Now - easy access to teachers, reference materials and career opportunities after graduating.

Max Weber - there are five class : the elite social class, second class, third group, the working class and last class.

Haji Saifuddin Masduki - a significant correlation between academic achievement with parental income and education level of parents.

Rusli Md Zain - a positive relationship between academic achievement with family income. (high-income able to support education of their children

A clear social class factors that influence the achievement of academic students as level economic of pupils either poor or rich.

The level of access to health as health care, nutrition and disease control.

The environment - family structure (number of family members), external influences (peer, community)

Location - (kind of socio-economic and ability levels of students) (MP3 , an equal opportunity to all citizens)

Lack of basic facilities in schools (ICT, the supply of diesel, electricity)

Shortage of students - the lack of provision, facilities and trained teachers. (multigrade teaching)

MOE Challenge (the smart school program)

Culture of learning, analytical and intellectual as a priority.

Approach of merely reducing the 3R.

People to be open, analytical culture (look and see what, how and why things we do).

4.2 GENDER Selection of subjects is 'femininity' and

'masculine'.

In the colonial period, the opportunity to pursue their preferred men. (difference in terms of ambition, behavior, status and physical characteristics)

Occupational segregation by gender.

According to Siti Rohani Yahya - 3 factors contribute to the economic status of women.

The first factor is equal facilities and educational opportunities.

The second factor is the rapid economic growth and changes in industrial processes.

The third factor is the implementation of the New Economic Policy, the involvement of the rural Malay women to urban areas

According to Aminah Ahmad - vocational and technical schools and in institutions of higher education polytechnic schools.

Shamsulbariah - teachers should take gender into account when implementing teaching in the classroom.

4.3 Minority Group Ethnic groups in a society that has a small

number of members. Geographical factors - such as rural

community aborigines, Kadazan, Murud and others. (informal)

Classified into two categories.

Negative - (problematic behaviors that could threaten the harmony of discipline in schools)

Positive - (the book worm, love to decorate the school, like to find information on the Internet, tend to be religious, etc.)

Very little attention by the school.

4.4 Pupils with Special Needs Two categories: 1. category problem 2. category of specific problems

Very low intelligence

Face problems adjusting in school and in society.

Gifted children

Their mental ability is higher than peers.

Therefore they could not fully capitalize on the existing education system.

This is because the motivation and needs are different.

7 categories of children with special needs in

Special

Education Program:

I. Mental retardation

2. learning disabilities

3. Behavioral disorders

4. Impaired hearing and communication.

5. Blind

6. People with physical disabilities

7. Special gifted and talented.

Also have behavioral disorders (hyperactivity / hyperkinetik) and behavior of significant immaturity.

Appropriate method to address the ADHD:Modifications to the environmental and behavioural adhenvironmental.

According to Kirk and Kirk (1994) students with special needs different in mentally, physical, social and emotional.

Special Education Act 1966 has empowered the Ministry of Education to provide special education.

For example, the Special Preschool Education Program was established in 2004 in all SKPK.

In 2005, a total of 32 Special Education Programs Integration established in normal schools.

4.5 Inequality issues Education Opportunities

4.5.1 AboriginalPeople living in or edge of the forest.

Three groups:SenoiNegritosIndigenous Malay

Are still isolated and left behind because: Lack of infrastructure There is no healthy competition in terms of

educational progress Residence area far inside The best and the brightest still less Socio-economic status is low Preparation and readiness of teachers is

difficult

e) Low interest.

f) Environmental factors: parents do not take the issue of education and no pressure to change.

g) The way of life centered on forests has led them left school early.

h)According to Mustafa Omar, 2004 - original backwardness is also associated with low academic background.

4.5.2 Indigenous- Indigenous population in the interior of

Sabah and Sarawak.

- Differentiated in terms of area of residence, economic, social and cultural

- Sabah, there are 23 tribes.Largest is Kadazan, Bajau, Murut, Suluk and Brunei.

- Sarawak: Malay, Melanau, Iban, Bidayuh, Penan, Kelabit.

Indigenous refers to the ethnic communities and those who live in the interior and have not received any change in the outside world.

Fanatic to daily life that build long ago.

They have yet to receive a change in the education world because they still hold to traditional culture.

This community learning system based on experience is a human process because the process of education adapted to the nature of education and human development.

The learning process, accounting for 4 cases: 1. Experienced a significantly

2. To think conceptually

3. Observe something while gazing4. Try it in other situations more wide

.5.3 Rural Community- The lack of experienced teachers with

expertise in one field.

- The slow growth of urban .

- And socio-cultural environment is less stimulating.

- The digital divide between the location and control of ICT skills also exist.

Pupils who are not interested and not like go to school.

Using the language of their own people.

Teachers must learn to master the language of a people so that T & L cab been understood.

Parents are not concerned with education of their children.

The impact of the education gap has contributed to a significant imbalance in terms of socio-economic disparities between the rural and urban areas.

"..... Bridge the gap in educational opportunities between rich and poor and between regions and between races through the sharing of resources and facilities with fair ....."(3 MP,1976-1980)

Class room plan.

Classroom management as the orchestra of life.

Requires the development of curriculum, maintenance procedures and teaching resources.This aspect of priority are:

Restructuring the classroom environment to maximize efficiency, monitoring student progress and student responsibilities in advance thinking problems that might arise.

Actions of teachers in the classroom has doubled in student achievement compared with the school curriculum policy, assessment of co-operation between teachers and community participation

Create a harmonious atmosphere, fun and spirit to the students and teachersA sense of belonging and mutual cooperation and self-reliance, which work together to improve themselves and the group collectively.

Teachers and pupilsPedagogy - the practice of good valuesPhysical - the arrangement of furniture  socio-emotional - the relationship between teachers and pupilsRules in the classroom

Physical cleanliness, ventilation, order desks, chairs ......Socio-emotional - children who are growing up exposed to the environment I have social ties with individuals in their environment. - Of surprise, self-reliant and self-control, received by a friend, trying to gain victory

Teacher and pupil - teacher as a model of good behavior, caring for children. Managing emotions well. Have high social skills.Pedagogy - values - need to adopt noble values in P & P.Regulation - the strengthening of the disciple - the right is rewarded, one of a complaint. Pupils accept these rules as a value that should be adhered to regardless of race and religion.

Exaggerates the benefits of T & L.various teaching aidsvarious strategiesstudent-centeredHave a group activity involving students of

various races