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B1b 5 Adaptation B1b 5 Adaptation for Survivalfor Survival
5.1 Adaptation in animals5.1 Adaptation in animals
Lesson objectivesLesson objectives
Understand how animals adapt to Understand how animals adapt to their environmenttheir environment
Understand the relationship Understand the relationship between body size and surface areabetween body size and surface area
Variety of conditionsVariety of conditions
The Earth has a massive variety of The Earth has a massive variety of conditionsconditions Arctic wastelandArctic wasteland DesertDesert Tropical RainforestTropical Rainforest MoorlandMoorland Deep oceanDeep ocean
Extreme conditions – all have lifeExtreme conditions – all have life Adapted to the conditionsAdapted to the conditions
Extreme coldExtreme cold
Arctic animal are adapted to deal Arctic animal are adapted to deal with itwith it
Biggest problem – keeping warmBiggest problem – keeping warm The amount you lose depends on The amount you lose depends on
how much skin you havehow much skin you have Surface area/volume ratio (SA/V)Surface area/volume ratio (SA/V) Lower the ratio – less you loseLower the ratio – less you lose
Polar BearPolar Bear
White fur acts as camouflage??????
Large feet spread the body’s weight. The wide paws act as good paddles
Thick fur and a thick layer of body fat insulate from the cold.
Small ears help to reduce heat loss.
and snow shoes.
Polar BearPolar Bear
Skin is actually black to absorb any heat transmitted through the hairs.
Greasy fur repels water and keeps the bear dry.
Eyes have brown irises to reduce the glare from sunlight reflection.
Body surface area is small compared to volume
to reduce heat loss.
Polar BearPolar Bear
Hot climateHot climate Very difficultVery difficult Very dryVery dry Scorching during Scorching during
dayday Freezing during Freezing during
nightnight Body temperature Body temperature
must be stablemust be stable Best way is Best way is
sweatingsweating Lose waterLose water
Need other Need other adaptationsadaptations
Wide feet for spreading
Fat is stored in the hump. There is no other body fat to prevent overheating.
Brown coat for camouflage.
Long, thin legs mean the body surface area is large compared to volume to increase heat loss.
Loses little water through sweating or urine.
shifting sand.
body weight over soft
How is a camel adapted?How is a camel adapted?
Nostrils can close when needed to protect the camel in sandstorms.
Long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand and dust.
A very varied diet, ranging from grass and bark to thorns and bones, is eaten.
Ears are lined with fur to prevent sand and dust from getting in.
Adapting to a desert Adapting to a desert environmentenvironment
How are leaves How are leaves adapted?adapted?
Broad and flatBroad and flat Veins carry water to the Veins carry water to the
leaf and take food from leaf and take food from the leafthe leaf help to support the leaf.help to support the leaf.
Plant cells contain Plant cells contain chloroplasts with chloroplasts with chlorophyll.chlorophyll.
Small holes called stomata Small holes called stomata in the underside of a leaf in the underside of a leaf allow gases in and outallow gases in and out
Water evaporates from Water evaporates from leavesleaves
Leaves are narrow spines that reduce water loss and protect from predators.
Stores water in fleshy stem.
Thick, waxy surface to reduce water loss - succulents
Plant surface area is small compared to volume to reduce water loss.
Some have shallow, spreading roots for surface water, others have deep roots.
Prickly customersPrickly customers
Learning outcomesLearning outcomes
How are animals adapted to their How are animals adapted to their environment?environment?
Why is SA/V ratio important?Why is SA/V ratio important? What adaptations do plants have?What adaptations do plants have?
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