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© 2010, University of Delaware, all rights reserved
smVI /100 smVI /300 smVI /400 smVI /800
RESEARCH SCOPEEXPERIMENTAL METHODSIMPACT, DAMAGE, AND
PENETRATION MECHANICS
BALLISTIC IMPACT AND PENETRATION
MECHANICS
Fundamental understanding of ballistic
damage, perforation, and penetration
mechanics
LOW VELOCITY IMPACT
Numerically evaluate impact, damage, and
durability of very thick and large structures
QUASI-STATIC SIMULATION
Implement MAT162 in ABAQUS for implicit
analysis
MICRO- & MESO-MECHANICAL DAMAGE
MODELING
Develop multi-scale homogenized material and
damage models
FINITE ELEMENT MODELMODELING STRESS WAVE
PROPAGATIONPERFORATION OF SPACED
THIN LAMINATES
MODELING THE IMPACT,
DAMAGE AND PENETRATION
COMPOSITE DAMAGE MODELING
B. A. Gama, S.-G. Kang, and J. W. Gillespie, Jr.
University of Delaware . Center for Composite Materials
Plug Formation due to
Compression-Shear
Large Deformation under
Combined Tension-Shear
Punch Shear and
Hydrostatic Compression
Matrix Damage and
DelaminationThick-Section
Composites
Multi-Layer Composite Sandwich
Incident Bar
Momentum TubeSupport
Plate
Specimen
Punch
Stop
Striker Bar
Punch Bar
Quasi-Static Punch Shear Test (QS-PST)
Direct Impact Punch Shear Test (DI-PST)
Solid Model
Cross-Section
Mesh
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
350 m/s600 m/s
Projectile Displacement, H, mm.
Pro
jectile
Ve
locity,
V,
m/s
.
High Velocity Impact
Quasi-Static & Dynamic Loading of Interlayer
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
HS-Envelope1000900800700600500400372362350200V
I , m/s
Phase I - Phase IIBoundary
Projectile Displacement, H, mm.
Pe
ne
tra
tio
n R
esis
tan
ce
Fo
rce
, F
P,
kN
.
x
EX
PX
,H H
P
Lc
CH
Plastic-Front
IV
PH
**
Pu
** *
3P L PX c u
*
Pu
*
3E LX c
Elastic-Front
Proj-Comp Interface
P
Pu
** * * ** * **
3C C C P P Lp p u u c
* 0 *0
3
* ** 0 * * **
3 3 3**
0
* **
3
1
1
P
C C LP LI
C L C L C L
P P
P L
C L
p ccV
c c cu
c
c
**P P
D P E P CF A p A p
Impact Damage as a Function of Impact Velocity
Penetration Resistance Force vs. Displacement
Velocity vs. Displacement
Tension-shear dominated failure
Shear and flexural wave propagation
Average deceleration and the
penetration resistance force can be
assumed constant
© 2010, University of Delaware, all rights reserved
t = 2000 us
t = 4000 us
LOW VELOCITY IMPACT SIMULATION FOUR-QUADRANT IMPACT MODELINGCOMPRESSION AFTER IMPACT (CAI)
COMPOSITE DAMAGE MODELING
(Continued)
MESO-MECHANICAL
DAMAGE MODELING
OPEN HOLE COMPRESSION/
TENSIONMICRO-MECHANICAL
DAMAGE MODELINGACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work is supported by the
following research funds.
ARL-CMR/CMT
ARL-CART
AP-BAR
ONR-AMIPC
DEPSCoR
GDLS BLAST
CRG Blast SBIR
3TEX Blast SBIR
LGS Innovations
t = 0.5 ms
t = 1.0 ms
t = 1.5 ms
t = 2.0 ms
t = 3.0 ms
t = 4.0 ms
t = 5.0 ms
t = 6.0 ms
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
= 2.50-mm, L = 152.40-mm
Time, t, s.
Axi
al C
ompr
essi
ve F
orce
, FX, k
N.
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
S = 0.8S = 1.0LVI Experiment
Time, t, ms.
Fo
rce
, F
, lb
f.
IMPACT VELOCITY
= 2.6 M/S
Resistance Force
vs. Time
T = 10 ms, LVI Damage
T = 30 ms, CAI Damage
CAI with respect to
different LVI energy
Plate Size: 16-in x 16-in
Punch Diameter: 1-in
Mass: mP = 350 kg
Velocity: V = 3 mps
Energy: KE = (1/2) mPV2
= 1575 J
Damage Propagation
Interstitial Resin Pockets
Z Fibers
Warp (X) and Fill (Y) Tows
2x2 UCM
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
UCM (ZX
)
-------------0.5125AM4UCM (
YZ)
Inter-laminar Shear Strain, mm/mm.
Inte
r-la
min
ar
Sh
ea
r S
tre
ss,
MP
a.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Square ArrayHexagonal Array
Strain, x, mm.
Te
nsile
Str
ess,
x,
MP
a.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Hexagonal ArraySquare Array
Strain, x, mm.
Co
mp
ressiv
e S
tre
ss,
x,
MP
a.
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Hexagonal ArraySquare Array
Shear Strain, , mm.
Sh
ea
r S
tre
ss, ,
MP
a.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
FEA w ith A BG
10-m s, 4-m m
FEA w ith A BG
20-m s, 4-m m
S pecim en #4
S pecim en #3
D isplacem ent, , m m
Lo
ad
, P
, k
N
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
5000 us, 2 m m
1000 us, 2 m m
500 us, 2 m m
D isplacem ent, , m m .
Se
cti
on
Fo
rce
, F
, k
N.
Unit Cell Model for
3D OWF Composite
Inter-laminar Shear
Response of 3D UCM
Square Array
Hexagonal Array
Tension
Compression
In-plane shear
Open Hole Compression – FE Model and Result
Compact Open Hole Tension – FE Model and Result
Recommended