Automated Irrigation SystemAutomated Irrigation System Chinmay Patil1*, Divit Shetty2, Piyush Roy3...

AutomatedIrrigationSystem

ChinmayPatil1*,DivitShetty2,PiyushRoy3

---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract-ThisisanautomatedirrigationsystembasedonIoT.Anandroidcontrolledrobotperformstaskslikespraying,obstacledetection,humiditysensingandtemperaturesensing.WiththehelpofIoTwecancontrolthesystemremotelyviaBluetoothandmonitortheconditionsoftheagriculturalfieldwithoutphysicallybeingthere,allthedatafromthesensorsalsocanbeaccessedfromaremotelocation,thusthissystemcanhelp in increasingyieldwithcontinuousmonitoringofcrop.KeyWords:Ultrasonicsensor,Bluetoothmodule,IoT,Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor, Automatedirrigation.1.INTRODUCTIONOneof themainaspectsofhumansurvival is foodwhichindirectly leads to agriculture. In India traditionalagriculturalmethodsarestillbeingusedwhicharequiteinefficient. This problem can be solved by using smartagriculture systems. Introduction of automation inagricultureleadstoefficientcropmonitoringwithoutanyhuman intervention. Overall the design realizes remotemonitoringandcontroloffarmsandhencereducinglabourcost.IoTbasedsystemareusedastheyconnectallthesensor’sdataandsendittoamainserver,whereallthedatacanbecollected and analysed. This data can then be used toimprovetheyieldbymakingallthenecessarychanges.Inthissystem,aroboticvehiclewhichcanbecontrolledbyacellularphonewiththehelpoftheBluetoothmodule.Thesystemisconnectedtoaniotwebpagewhichdisplaysallthenecessarydatainrealtime.Thedatacanbeaccessedfromanyremote locationvia theuseofpropercredentials forprivacy purposes. The system also consists of awirelesscamerastomonitorthesurroundingvisually.Thelivefeedfrom the camera can be monitored with the help of anelectronicdevice.Theroboticvehiclealsohasa temperatureandhumiditysensorwhichisusedtomonitorthedataofthefieldandanalysethepatternforsprayingofwater,alongwiththatanultrasonic sensor which is mounted on the front of thevehicletodetectanyobstaclesandstopsondetectionandabuzzerisusedtoalertthat.

A tank mounted on the vehicle which can be remotelycontrolledforsprayingwaterinaparticularsectionwhereitmaybeneeded,whichwecandeterminefromthevisualorthedatafromthesensors.In this paper section II is about the projects of similardomainand theirwork, section IIIandIVhas thesystemdesignofprojectandallthecomponentsusedandsystemdescription and how it works respectively. Section Vcontainsconclusionandthefuturescopefortheproject.

Figure 1. Overview of the system

2.RELATEDWORKSAsystemwithsoilrelatedparametersliketemperatureandhumidityweremeasuredbyWirelesssensornetworkandimplemented using microcontroller and sensors. Thetransmissionwasdoneonhourlybasisandtransmittedtothewebpage.Thewirelessrobothasinstrumentslikecutter,sprayerandcameraalongwithvarioussensors.UsingthemitisusedforKeepingvigilance,sprayingofpesticidesandscaringbirdsandanimals.[1]

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1,2,3Student of B. Tech Electronics & Telecommunication, NMIMS University’s MPSTME, Mumbai,India 400056.

Crops in the early growth stage diseases easily destroyharvest.Asprayingmachinealongwithopticalsensorsfordetectionofvirusesandweedsisusedforthetreatmentofthe crops. During harvesting, the sensors monitored thelarge amount of harvested produce in the harvestingmachine. The data collected is then used in the comingharvestingseasontoimprovetheyield.[2]Thesystemusesthewirelesssensornetworktomonitortheenvironmentalconditionssuchastemperature,soilmoisturecontent, humidity andwater level of agriculture land forcontrolling the irrigation. The system has two modes,automaticandmanual.Thedatacollectedisstoredoncloudserverandusedtoimproveefficiency.Theusercancontrolandoverseethecollecteddatafromremotelocation.[3]A wireless sensor network focuses on and automatedirrigationsystem.Thissystemmonitorsparameterslikesoilmoistureandtemperatureonaregularbasis.Inthisprojectathresholdofsoilmoistureiscontinuouslymaintainedwithanalgorithm,whichstartsorstopstheirrigationsystem.[4]The purpose of thesystem is tomonitor and control thegrowthofplantsinhomegardenbasedonenvironmentalfactors,likesoilmoistureandsurroundingtemperature.Thistechnologycreatesappropriateconditionsforgrowthwhichpreventssubstandardyieldcausedbyweatherchange.Thisirrigation system also makes efficient use of water andfertilizer.[5]Automationinagriculturalfieldsgivesabetteryieldwithoutanyhumanintervention.Theproductivityofcropsdependsgoodirrigationsystem.Tomaintainthecropssensorsareusedtomonitorthemoisturecontentofsoil,andtoprovidewaterautomaticallywhenneeded.GSMtechnologyisusedbytheusertoaccessallthenecessarydata.[6]

3.SYSTEMDESIGN

Figure2.CircuitDiagram

Figure3.ImplementedCircuit

Figure4.BlockDiagram

Theimagesshownabovearecircuitdiagram,circuitimplementationandtheblockdiagramoftheprototype.

A. Sensor Typesofsensorsusedforimplementation:

1) UltrasonicSensor(HC-SR04)

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Therangeofthissensoris3cm-3m,witharequirementof5VDCpowersupply.TheResolutionis1cmandtheUltrasonicFrequency40Khz.Thissensorisusedforobstacledetection,assoonasitdetectsanobstacleabuzzerstartsbuzzingandtherobotstopsinstantlytoavoidanykindofcollision.

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Figure5.HC-SR04ultrasonicsensor

2) Temperature&HumiditySensor(DHT11)

Thissensoroperatesat3.3Vor5VDCpowersupply.Theresolutionforsensingthetemperatureandhumidityis8bits.Measurementrangeofhumidityis20%-95%RHand0-50°Cforthetemperaturesensor.Thissensorisusedtomeasurethetemperatureandhumidityoftheareaandcollectthedatatobeanalyzed,withallthisdatafurtheractionsareperformed

Figure6.DHT11sensor

B. Motors

Themotorshaveanoperatingvoltageof3-5VDC.Ithasatorqueof1.8Kg-cmthespeedofthemotorswithoutanyloadis0.10sec/60Degree.Rotationalrangeis180degrees.4motorsusedinthisprototypeasweareusingcaterpillartracks,thepurposeofusingthismotorinthevehicleduetooperationinfarmswherethegroundwillbeunevensoastonotgetstuckinthemud.

Figure7.CaterpillarTracks

C. RaspberryPi3B+

TheCPUhasa1.4Ghz64-BitquadcoreARMCortex-A53CPU,andRAMof1GbLPDDR2SDRAM.Itneedsapowerof5VDCtooperate,andsupportsoperatingsystemslikeLinuxandUnix,wecancodethisprocessorbypython. This microprocessor is used as it has goodprocessing power andmemorymanagement,aswehaveconnectedsomanyperipheralandsensorstoprocessallthatdataisatedioustaskforanyotherprocessorthusraspberrypiispreferred.

Figure8.RaspberryPi3B+

D. BluetoothModule(HC-05)Ithasarangeofupto30feet,andoperatesattypically5VDC.ItfollowsIEEE802.15.1whichisastandardprotocolandhasanoperatingcurrentof30mA.Itusesfrequencyhoppingspreadspectrum.Thismoduleisusedtocontroltheprototypebyconnectingittoanandroiddevicefromwherewiththehelpofanappthevehiclecanbecontrolled.

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Figure9.HC-05Bluetoothmodule

E. L293DIthasanoperatingrangeof4.5Vto36V,andithasahighimmunitynoise.ThisICcanbeusedtocontrolvarioustypesofmotorsbutinthisproject,itisusedtocontrolthemotorsofroboticvehicle.AsmentionedbeforethevehicleisquiteheavyandhasfourmotorssotoevenlydistributethepowerandproperlycontrolthemovementofthevehicleusingthisIC.

Figure10.L293DMotorDriver

F. LCDDisplayJHD204ALCDisusedtodisplaythenecessarydatacollectedbythesensorsontheroboticvehicle,thisLCDhasdisplayof20CHARx4ROWS.Ithasanoperatingvoltageof5VDC.

Figure11.Start-upMessage

Figure12.DataRepresentation

G. IOTWebpageGeckoplatformisusedasanefficientGUIbuilderandithasatwo-way communication. It supports API over differentmicrocontrollers.Webpage shown in figure 13,14 is used to check all thesensordatafromanyremotelocation,andhelpsustochecktheconditiononthefieldevenwhilephysicallyabsent.Thewebpageshowsthetemperature,humidity,andthestatusofpumpmotorifit’sonoroff.

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Figure13.IOTGeckowebpage(PumpOff)

Figure14.IOTGeckowebpage(PumpOn)

H. AndroidController

TocontrolthevehicleanappcalledasBluebotisused.Thisapp controls all the movements of the robot-likeforward/backward and left/right, one other importantfunctionofthisappisthatkeyAisusedtoturnon/offthepumpofthetankforsprayingofwater.

Figure15.BluebotAndroidController

4.SYSTEMDESCRIPTIONThesensors,cameraandthewatertankaremountedonthevehicle,whichwillbeusedtoanalyzeandmonitoragivenregionandspraywaterwhereverandwhenevernecessary.Thecameraprovidesalivefeedofthesurroundingwhichcanbemonitoredusingacellulardevice.Thesensorswillbeusedtocollectthetemperatureandhumidityreadingsalongwith obstacle detection. All the data collected from thesensorswillbetransmittedtoanIoTwebpagethroughWi-Fi.

The IoT web page also shows an alert message if anyobstacleisdetectedbytheroverandcanbeaccessedfromany place using the correct credentials. From the dataamassed,itcanbeassessedwhetherthefieldneedstobeirrigatedornot.Thesystemcanbeaccessedfromfar-off,dueto the usage ofWi-Fi. The vehicle is controlled via theBluetoothmodulewhichisconnectedtoanandroidphone.An application calledBluebot is usedwhich controls themovementofthevehicleandsprayingofthewater.

During the testing and debugging phase of the project,certaindrawbacksandlimitationswererealized.Theyareasfollows:

• Thereisadelayofabout5-7secondsdue to thecomplexityofsystem

• Thereisnobackvisibilityasthecameraismountedonthefrontsideoftherover

• Range of theBluetoothmodule is limited due toLineofSight(LoS).

5.CONCLUSIONANDFUTUREWORK

The design and implementation of automated irrigationsystemisdevelopedusingRaspberryPimicrocontroller.Thesystem is cheap and is easy to carry from one place toanotherlimitationofthehardwarebeingassociatedwithasystem has been reduced to a great extent. As an endthought,thesystemwillallowtheusertocontrolitinawaythat reduces thegapbetween thephysicalworldand thedigitalworldwithanoutputmoreintuitive.FUTURESCOPEWithfurthertechnologicalmodificationsthissystemcanbeusedtocoverlargeareasofharvestingland.Improvementslikea rotating360-degreecameraandadditional sensorslikesoilmoisturecanbeaddedtothecurrentsystemwhichwillhelpinincreasingtheefficiencyandprovidingabetteryieldtothefarmer.

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6.REFERENCES

[1] NikeshGondchawar,Prof.Dr.R.S.Kawitkar,“IoTbased

SmartAgriculture” International JournalofAdvancedResearchinComputerandCommunicationEngineeringVol.5,Issue6,June2016

[2] KishorKumarR,ManjunathBKajjidoni andPradeepKumarMS,“SmartAgricultureSystemUsingIoT”Proc.oftheInt.Conf.onCurrentTrendsinEng.,ScienceandTechnology,ICCTEST

[3] ShwetaB.Saraf,DhanashriH.Gawali,“IoTBasedSmartIrrigationMonitoringAndControllingSystem”20172ndIEEE International Conference On Recent Trends inElectronicsInformation&CommunicationTechnology(RTEICT),May19-20,2017,India

[4] Vaishali S, Suraj S, Vignesh G, Dhivya S andUdhayakumar S, “Mobile Integrated Smart IrrigationManagement and Monitoring System Using IOT”InternationalConferenceonCommunicationandSignalProcessing,April6-8,2017,India

[5] S.N.Ishak,N.N.N.AbdMalik,N.M.AbdulLatiff,N.EffiyanaGhazali and M. A. Baharudin, “Smart Home GardenIrrigationSystemUsingRaspberryPi”2017IEEE13thMalaysiaInternationalConferenceonCommunications(MICC), 28-30 Nov. 2017, The Puteri Pacific, JohorBahru,Malaysia

[6] G.NaveenBalaji,V.Nandhini,S.Mithra,N.PriyaandR.Naveena, “IOTBasedSmartCropMonitoringinFarmLand” Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research(IJIR) Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4,Issue-1,2018(IJIR)ISSN:2454-1362

[7] Tanmay Baranwal, Nitika and Pushpendra KumarPateriya,“DevelopmentofIoTbasedSmartSecurityandMonitoring Devices for Agriculture” 2016 6thInternationalConference-CloudSystemandBigDataEngineering(Confluence)

[8] MdAshifuddinMondalandZeenatRehena,“IoTBasedIntelligentAgricultureFieldMonitoringSystem”20188thInternationalConferenceonCloudComputing,DataScience&Engineering(Confluence)

[9] Prof.K.A.PatilandProf.N.R.Kale,“AModelforSmartAgricultureUsingIoT”2016InternationalConferenceonGlobal Trends in Signal Processing, InformationComputingandCommunication

[10] Amandeep ,ArshiaBhattacharjee ,PaboniDas,Debjit

Basu,SomuditRoy,SpandanGhosh,SayanSaha,SouvikPainandSouravDey,“SmartFarmingUsingIOT”20178thIEEEAnnualInformationTechnology,ElectronicsandMobileCommunicationConference(IEMCON)

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