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Ms.KarenGregorczykBiomechanicsTeam,TeamLeader
NatickSoldierResearch,Development&EngineeringCenter
AugmentationTechnologiesforEnhancedPhysicalPerformance
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NatickSoldierRD&ECenter
Providing the Army with Innovative Science & Technology Solutions to Optimize the Performance of Our Soldiers.
TheSoldier'sRDEC - AssuringDominancethroughSuperiorScientific&EngineeringExpertise.
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Only Active Army Installation in New EnglandBirthplace of the Army
NatickSoldierSystemsCenter
78 Acres459,000 Sq. Ft. of Lab Space
Total 174 Acres (including 75 Family Housing units)
NSSCPartnersResearch&TechnologyCollaborators
Product/ProjectManagersDevelopmentPartners
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Airdrop/AerialDelivery
WarfighterProtection,Survivability,andOptimization
ExpeditionaryBasing/Collective
Protection
JointServiceCombatFeeding
SoldierSystemsEngineering
MissionAreas• PerformanceNutrition
• JointFoodserviceequipment
• Mission-tailoredrations
• SmallUnitSustainmentSystems
• Airbeam Shelters• ForceProvider
Subsystems
• Clothing&IndividualEquipment
• BodyArmor• Helmets• Boots• HumanSciences
• JPADS• HelicopterSlingLoad• T-11Engineering
Support
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LeadingtheResearch,Development,TestandEvaluationtounderstand,assessandcharacterizetheimpactsthattheClothingandIndividualEquipment(gear)and
missiontaskshaveontheSoldierandSquad'sphysicalandcognitiveperformance
UnderstandSoldierasaSystem
PhysicalAnthropology
HumanFactors Biomechanics
CognitiveSciences
DiversescientificfieldsunitedbyacommonfocusonoptimizingtheSoldierasasystem,encompassingmind,body,andequipment
NSRDECHumanSciencesResearch
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HumanAugmentationforMilitaryUse
theness.com gopaultech.com
robotshop.com
Express.howstuffworks.com
news.cnet.com
Gizmag.com
Bionic-power.com
SpringActive Inc
Militaryaerospace.com
NSRDECHumanAugmentationPast
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BLEEX
EXOHIKER
XOS OLAD PROWLER
HULC
NSRDECRoundTable/FEA
WarriorWeb
2012201020052001 201520132014
TALOSNSRDECMKI
Developedabetterappreciationofthechallenge:Thehumanbodyisveryefficientatwhatitdoesandismuchmorecomplexandelegantthansyntheticcounterparts
2017
DEPHYExoBoot
CarnegieMellon
Whatdoessuccesslooklike?
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Depends…
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ExampleofMethodsforAssessingHATechnologies
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• Assessmentoffitandsizingschemes• Measurementsmadeofbodyanddevicedimensionsandtheir
relationships• RepeatedMeasuresDesign:withandwithoutdevices,walkingat
controlledspeedsonthelevelandupanddowngradescarryingvariousloadweightsforperiodsrangingfrom~15minto~120min
• Measurementsmadeofenergycost,heartrate,groundreactionforce,gaitparameters(e.g.,stridelengthandrate),bodyangles(e.g.,forwardleanofthetrunk)
• Monitoringofdeviceoperation• Powerusage,powerproduction
• Administrationofquestionnairesandstructuredinterviews• Acquireopinionsonpositiveandnegativefeaturesofdevice,
acceptabilityformilitaryuse,missionscenariosinwhichthedevicemighthelporhinderoperations,suggestedmodificationsandimprovements.
• Inertialproperties(mass,momentofinertia,centerofmass)ofthedeviceandload(ifattached)mustbetakenintoconsideration
• Affectsuser’sbalance,dynamicstability,andgaitmechanics.• Strivetomaintainnaturalgaitmechanicsandaccommodategaittransitions
anddynamicmovementsoutofthesagittalplane• Standingtowalking,walkingtorunning,cuttingtotheleftorright,
etc.• Reducemetaboliccostandmuscularfatigueascomparedtocarryingloads,
performingmission/taskwithoutthedevice• Limitdiscomfortatattachment/loadtransferpoints
• Chaffing,hotspots,pressurepoints,etc.• Shouldnotsubstantiallyincreasetheuser’sthermalburden• Shouldincludesafetymechanisms
• Hardstopsatjointstopreventhyperextension• Fail-safemodeintheeventofpowerfailureorotherdevice
malfunctionsuchthattheweightofthedeviceandloadattachedtoitisnottransferredtotheuserinaharmfulway
DeviceDesignConsiderations
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MilitarySpecificDesignConsiderations
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• FitSoldier-userpopulationandrangesofbodydimensions• Devicemustoperateunderaustereconditions(MOSdependent)• Basicmilitarymovementsmustbepreserved
• Running,jumping,weaponfiring,assumingproneposition,kneeling,etc.
• Mustbecompatiblewithclothingandindividualequipmentandmilitaryvehicles• Useablewithbodyarmorandload-carriagegear• Nointerference(i.e.,EMI)thatmayimpedetheuseof
electronics/radios• Minimizenoisesignature• Don,adjust,anddoffthedevicequicklyandeasily,ideallywithout
assistance• Nosnaghazards– exposedcablesandstructureofdeviceitself• Userinterfacesshouldbeeasytouseandintuitive
• Training&Maintenance• Timetotrainupauser• Mosteffectivetrainingmethods(SOP)• Wearandtearandrepair
TheCurrentView
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1) HumanAugmentationisabroadandevolvingareathatismoreencompassingthanexoskeletons.Commondisciplineterminologyandtaxonomyhavenotyetbeendefined.
2) Technicalchallengesarecomplexandcenteronactuation,sensing,energysources,materials,controlstrategies,userinterfaceandtheintegrationthereof
3) Humanfactors,kinesiology,physiology,andbiomechanicsmustbeconsideredinparallelwithtechnicalsystemdevelopmentandthereislimiteddataonlongtermuse
4) Initialsuccesswillcomeinnicheapplications,focusingonspecifictasksinspecificenvironments
Wheredowegofromhere?
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• Determinedeviceperformancerequirementsbasedonmilitarymissionscenarios/taskanduserMOSs
• Establishacollaborativeeffortbetweenengineers,biomechanists,humanfactorsspecialists,anthropologists,andtheusercommunity
• Identifytheappropriatejointstoactuate,themagnitudeofactuationandthetimingoftheactuationneededforagiventasktooptimizehumanperformance
• Developcontrolstrategiesthatcandetectuserintention,transitionalstates(e.g.,walktorun)andothernonsteady-statemovements(movingoverdifficultterrain)
• Enhance/developbettermodelingandsimulationtoolstoaidwiththedesignanddevelopmentofwearableexoskeletons
• DevelopstandardizedmethodologiesandperformancemetricstoaccessHAtechnologiesformilitary(TPAwithARL-HRED)
• Understandthelong-termimplicationsofusingHAsystems• DoesHAreduceinjuriesoverthelongterm• Prescribedusetomaintainstrengthyetreducelikelihoodofinjury
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